英文版 古代詩歌介紹公開課一等獎?wù)n件省賽課獲獎?wù)n件

IntroductiontoPoetry第1頁Poetryisthemostmisunderstoodformofwriting.Itisalsoarguablythepurestformofwriting.Poetryisasenseofthebeautiful;characterizedbyaloveofbeautyandexpressingthisthroughwords.Itisart.Likeartitisverydifficulttodefinebecauseitisanexpressionofwhatthepoetthinksandfeelsandmaytakeanyformthepoetchoosesforthisexpression.Poetryisnoteasilydefined.Oftenittakestheformofverse,butnotallpoetryhasthisstructure.Poetryisacreativeuseofwordswhich,likeallart,isintendedtostiranemotionintheaudience.Poetrygenerallyhassomestructurethatseparatesitfromprose.

第2頁Thebasicunitofpoetryistheline.Itservesthesamefunctionasthesentenceinprose,althoughmostpoetrymaintainstheuseofgrammarwithinthestructureofthepoem.Mostpoemshaveastructureinwhicheachlinecontainsasetamountofsyllables;thisiscalledmeter.Linesarealsooftengroupedintostanzas.Thestanzainpoetryisequivalentorequaltotheparagraphinprose.Oftenthelinesinastanzawillhaveaspecificrhymescheme.Someofthemorecommonstanzasare:Couplet:atwolinestanzaTriplet:athreelinestanzaQuatrain:afourlinestanzaCinquain:afivelinestanza

第3頁Meteristhemeasuredarrangementofwordsinpoetry,therhythmicpattern

ofastanza,determinedbythekindandnumberoflines.Meterisanorganizedwaytoarrangestressed/accentedsyllablesandunstressed/unaccentedsyllables.Whosewoods/theseare/Ithink/Iknow

第4頁Rhymeiswhentheendingsofthewordssoundthesame.Readthepoemwithmeoutloud.DustofSnowbyRobertFrostThewayacrowShookdownonmeThedustofsnowFromahemlocktreeHasgivenmyheartAchangeofmoodAndsavesomepartOfadayIhadrued.

第5頁Rhymeschemeisthepatternofrhymingwordsattheendofeachline.Notallpoetryhasarhymescheme.Theyarenothardtoidentify,butyoumustlookcarefullyatwhichwordsrhymeandwhichdonot.DustofSnowbyRobertFrostThewayacrowShookdownonmeThedustofsnowFromahemlocktreeHasgivenmyheartAchangeofmoodAndsavesomepartOfadayIhadrued.ABABCDCDPoemsofmorethanonestanzaoftenrepeatthesamerhymeschemeineachstanza.第6頁Repetitionistherepeatingofasound,word,orphraseforemphasis.

InsideInsidethehouse

(Igetready)

Insidethecar

(Igotoschool)

Insidetheschool

(Iwaitforthebelltoring)???第7頁Wheneveryoudescribesomethingbycomparingitwithsomethingelse,youareusingfigurativelanguage.Figurativelanguageisanylanguagethatgoesbeyondtheliteralmeaningofwordsinordertofurnishneweffectsorfreshinsightsintoanideaorasubject.Themostcommonfiguresofspeecharesimile,metaphor,andalliteration.Figurativelanguageisusedinpoetrytocomparetwothingsthatareusuallynotthoughtofasbeingalike.

第8頁Asimileisafigureofspeechinwhichtwoessentiallyunlikethingsarecompared,ofteninaphraseintroducedbylikeoras.Thecloudslookedlikecottoncandy.Grandpawasas

stubbornasa

muleTom'sheadisas

hardasa

rock.第9頁Ametaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichanimpliedcomparisonismadebetweentwounlikethingsthatactuallyhavesomethingimportantincommon.

Cloudsarecottoncandy.

Grandpawasamule.

Tomisarock.Theyarefluffy.Theyarestubborn.Theyarehard.第10頁Alliterationistherepetitionofthesamesoundsorofthesamekindsofsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables,asin"onscrollsofsilversnowysentences"

(HartCrane).Modernalliterationispredominantlyconsonantal.Tofindanalliteration,youmustlooktherepetitionsofthesameconsonantsoundthroughoutaline.SilverysnowflakesfallsilentlySoftlysheathingallwithmoonlightUntilsunriseslowlyshowsSnowsofteningswiftly.___________Nowyoutrytheoneinyourpacket.第11頁Imageryisanappealtothesenses.Thepoetdescribessomethingtohelpyoutosee,hear,touch,taste,orsmellthetopicofthepoem.FogThefogcomesonlittlecatfeet.Itsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.

CarlSandburgSEE,HEARSEEHEAR,SEE,FEELNowdothepoeminyourpacket.第12頁Anexaggeratedstatementusedtoheighteneffectisahyperbole.Itisnotusedtomisleadthereader,buttoemphasizeapoint.

I’vetoldyouamilliontimesnottoleavethedirtyglassonthetable.Theexaggerationinthenumberoftimes.Inyourpackets,writetwomorehyperbole.Haveyourpartnercheckthem.第13頁Anidiomisaphrasewherethewordstogetherhaveameaningthatisdifferentfromthedictionarydefinitionsoftheindividualwords.Thiscanmakeidiomshardforstudentstounderstand.Adaylateandadollarshort.

Thisidiommeans

itistoolittle,toolate.

Writetwomoreexamplesofidiomstosharewiththeclass.第14頁Theformationoruseofwordssuchasbuzzormurmurthatimitatethesoundsassociatedwiththeobjectsoractionstheyrefertoiscalledanalliteration.Itisawordoragroupingofwordsthatimitates

thesounditisdescribing,suchasanimalnoiseslike"oink"or"meow",orsuggestingitssourceobject(thesearethemoreimportantones),suchas"boom","click","bunk","clang","buzz",or"bang".第15頁SOUNDOFNATURE

byMarieJosephineSmith Ticking,tocking.

Headisrocking.

Tippytoeing.

Quietly.

Snap,crack.

Crushingbranch.

Helter,skelter.

Runforshelter.

Pitter,patter.

Rainstartstofall.

Gatheringmomentum.

Becomesaroar.

Thunderbooms.

____________________________第16頁Afigureofspeech,whichgivesthequalitiesofapersontoananimal,anobject,oranideaiscalledpersonification.Itisacomparison,whichtheauthorusestoshowsomethinginanentirelynewlight,tocommunicateacertainfeelingorattitudetowardsitandtocontrolthewayareaderperceivesit.Abravehandsometreefellwithacreakingrendingcry.Theauthorisgivingatreethehumanqualityofbraveryandtheabilityotcry.第17頁Freeverseisjustwhatitsaysitis-poetrythatiswrittenwithoutproperrulesaboutform,rhyme,rhythm,andmeter.Infreeversethewritermakeshis/herownrules.Thewriterdecideshowthepoemshouldlook,feel,andsound.第18頁WinterPoemByNikkiGiovannionceasnowflakefellonmybrowandiloveditsomuchandikisseditanditwashappyandcalleditscousinsandbrothersandawebofsnowengulfedmethenireachedtolovethemallandisqueezedthemandtheybecameaspringrainandistoodperfectlystillandwasaflower第19頁HaikuisoneofthemostimportantformsoftraditionalJapanesepoetry.Haikuis,today,a17-syllableverseformconsistingofthreemeteredlinesof5,7,and5syllables.EachHaikumustcontainakigo,aseasonword,whichindicateinwhichseasontheHaikuisset.Forexample,cherryblossomsindicatespring,snowindicatewinter,andmosquitoesindicatesummer,buttheseasonwordisn'talwaysthatobvious.Inthenextthreehaikus,trytoguessthetheme.第20頁Fog

Onthemountaintop

Thefogfelldownthickandfast

Itwaslikepeasoup.Rain

Tip-tapgoestherain.

Asithitsthewindowpane

Icanheartherain.

Hail

Theyfellinshowers.

Likediamondsupontheground

Bighailstoneswerefound.

HaikusByPaulMcCann

Thethemeofthesethreepoemsisweatherinlateautumnorearlywinter.第21頁Thesimplicityofthelimerickquitepossiblyaccountsforitsextremelongevity.Itconsistsoffivelineswiththerhymeschemeaabba.Thefirst,second,andfifthlinesaretrimeter,aversewiththreemeasures,whilethethirdandfourthlinesaredimeter,aversewithtwomeasures.Oftenthethirdandfourthlinesareprintedasasinglelinewithinternalrhyme.OldManwithaBeardEdwardLearTherewasanOldManwithabeard,

Whosaid,'ItisjustasIfeared!TwoOwlsandaHen,FourLarksandaWren,Haveallbuilttheirnestsinmybeard!'AABBA第22頁Anarrativepoem,oftenoffolkoriginandintendedtobesung,consistingofsimplestanzasandusuallyhavingarefrain.TheBalladeOfTheMistletoeBoughbyEllisParkerButler

Iamstandingunderthemistletoe,

AndIsmile,butnoansweringsmilereplies

Forherhaughtyglancebidsmeplainlyknow

ThatnotformeisthethingIprize;

Instead,fromhercoldlyscornfuleyes,

Indifferencelooksonmybarefacedguile;

Sheknows,ofcourse,whatmyactimplies—

Butlookattho