裕興版新概念英語第二冊筆記第3課

HYPERLINK單詞講解Newwordsandexpressionssend(sent,sent)v.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoil(spoiledorspoilt)v.使索然無味，損壞museumn.博物館publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.服務員，招待員lend(lent,lent)v.借給decisionn.決定wholeadj.整個的singleadj.唯一的，單一的1.send寄，送，派遣，打發(fā)causesbtogoorsthtobetakenwithoutgoingoneself(send–sent–sent)加雙賓語sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把東西寄給某人eg.sendmeapostcard=sendapostcardtome寄給我一張明信片eg.IsentmymotherapresentonMother’sday.在母親節(jié)那天我寄給媽媽一份禮物。=IsentapresenttomymotheronMother’sday.加單賓語sendsth寄什么東西sendsb派遣，打發(fā)某人sendalettersendaparcelsendthechildrentobed打發(fā)孩子去睡覺3）sendsbmylove=givesbmylove代我向。。。致意eg.Pleasesendyoursistermylove.請把我的問候帶給你的姐姐。=Pleasesendmylovetoyoursister.eg.Pleasesayhellotoyourbrother.=Pleasesayhitoyourbrother.eg.Remembermetoyourparents.代我問候你的父母。正式的表達Givemyregardstoyourparents.更為正式的表達4）sendforsb派人去請，去叫。。。sendforsthsendforadoctor派人去叫醫(yī)生sendforataxi去叫一輛出租車★2.postcardn.明信片card卡片；賀卡aChristmascardabirthdaycardaget-wellcard康復卡anidentitycard身份證apostcardcards紙牌apackofcards一副紙牌1）one’sbestcard=one’sstrongestcard某人最好的一張牌，王牌，絕招2)givesbhiscards開出，解雇某人（非正式表達）3）layone’scardsonthetable=putone’scardsonthetable攤牌postn./v.郵，寄post-bag郵袋post-box(U.S.:mailbox)郵筒，郵箱post-code郵政編碼postofficepostman(U.S.:mailman)postmark郵戳post-free免付郵資的，郵資已付的post-paid郵資已付的3.spoil-spoiled-spoiled使索然無味，損壞，破壞，糟蹋-spoilt-spoilt英式英語中多用不規(guī)則形式：eg.dreamt;spoilt(Br)美式英語中多用規(guī)則形式：eg.dreamed;spoiled(Am)thewholecountrythewholeworldeg.Let’sforgetthewholeaffair.我們忘了這件事情吧。把它徹底忘掉吧。=Let’sforgetthewholematter/thing.2）n.整個，整體eg.Fourquartersmakeawholequartern.四分之一，一季度，一刻鐘eg.Cuttheappleintoquarters.把蘋果切成四瓣。Halfn.一半eg.Twohalvesmakeawhole.兩個一半構成一個整體。Halfoftheworkisdone.一半工作被完成了。asawhole整個地onthewhole總的來說，一般來講eg.Onthewhole,Iagreewithyourdecision.總的來說，我同意你的觀點。Wholesale批發(fā)wholesaler批發(fā)商retail零售retaildealer/retailtrader零售商★11.single1)adj.唯一的，單一的onlyoneasingleletter唯一的一封信asingleapplehangingfromthetree樹上掛著唯一的蘋果asingleticket單程票aroundticket/areturnticket往返票2)adj.未婚的，獨身的singlemenandwomen單身男女married已婚的adj.單獨一個人使用的asinglebed單人床adoublebed雙人床asingleroomadoubleroom4)adj.single-parent單親asingle-parentfamily一個單親家庭HYPERLINK關鍵句型KeyStructuresSimplepast一般過去時1.功能：表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間之內發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常搭配過去的某一段時間。eg.Wevisitedtheschoollastyear.我們去年參觀了這個學校。2.構成形式:1)規(guī)則變化：v.+edwalked,happened不規(guī)則變化：eat–atego–wentsee–sawcome–came2)be–was/wereeg.Iwasn’tinyesterday.我昨天不在家。eg.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasyoung.當我年輕的時候我騎車去上學。體會動詞的過去式Policeman:Didyouseetheaccident,sir?先生，你看到那個事故了嗎？Man:Yes,Idid.Thedriverofthatcarhitthatpostoverthere.是的，我看到了。那個司機撞倒那個桿子上去。hit–hit–hitP:Whathappened?發(fā)生什么事了？M:Adogranacrosstheroadandthedrivertriedtoavoidit.Thecarsuddenlycametowardsme.Itclimbedontothepavementandcrashedintothatpost.一條狗穿過馬路，那位司機企圖躲開狗。突然，汽車朝我開過來。它走上人行道，撞倒那根桿子上。Pavement:人行道P:Whatdidyoudo?你做了什么？M:Iranacrossthestreetafterthedog.我穿過馬路去追狗。P:Whydidyoudothat?Wereyouafraidofthecar?你為什么這樣做呢？你怕汽車嗎？M:Iwasn’tafraidofthecar.Iwasafraidofthedriver.Thedrivergotoutofthecarandbeganshoutingatme.Hewasveryangrywithme.Yousee,itwasmydog.我不怕汽車。我怕那個司機。那個司機下車并對我大喊。一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別：Herbrotherwasanartist.他的哥哥是一個藝術家。Was表示已去世Herbrotherisanartist.尚健在That’sallIhadtosay.這是我要說的。(話已說完)That’sallIhavetosay.這是我要說的。(言之未盡)Itwassonicetoseeyou.我真高興見到你。(離別時說)Itissonicetoseeyou.我真高興見到你。（見面時說）一般過去時的練習：Myfriend,Roy,____(die)lastyear.He____(leave)mehisCDplayerandhiscollectionofCDs.Roy____(spend)alotofmoneyonCDs.He____(buy)oneortwonewCDseveryweek.Henever____(go)tothecinemaortothetheatre.He____(stay)athomeeveryeveningand____(listen)tomusic.Heoften____(lend)CDstohisfriends.Sometimesthey____(keep)them.He____(lose)manyCDsinthisway.diedleftspentboughtwentstayedlistenedlentkeptlostHYPERLINK課文講解TextPostcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!1.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.always總是（頻度副詞）holidayholiday較長的假期不能指一天的假期aholiday指一天的假期goonholiday去度假beonholiday正在度假vacation1)法定假日（宗教假日，國家慶典）英美都用holiday。2)每年的例行休假，英式holiday，美式vacationleave指雇員因某種原因而獲準休假askforaleave請假takeFrenchleave不辭而別leaveinanEnglishstyle(法)不辭而別2.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.ItalyItalianpublicgarden公園3.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachteachsbsth雙賓語toughtmeafewwordsofItalianteachmyselfEnglish自學英語teachsbalesson/givesbalesson教訓某人一頓teachsbtodosthteachfishtoswim班門弄斧=teachyourgrandmothertosuckeggseducate知識和智慧全面的培養(yǎng)，通常由學校進行的正規(guī)教育。teach指某一學科或某種技能的各種教育程度。coach非正規(guī)的教導，可能為某一學科進行輔導，或對體育運動進行指導。train訓練，使在行為，技能或體能上達到要求。instruct教授某人學?？颇浚粋魇谀橙思记?；指導；命令wordn.1)詞newwordsandexpressions2)話，語言eg.Idon’tbelieveawordofhisstory.他的話我一句也不相信。3)消息eg.Wordcamethathehadrunintotrouble.有消息傳來說他現(xiàn)在麻煩了。短語eg.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動勝于語言。haveawordinsb’sear和某人說句悄悄話haveawordwithsb和某人說一句話havewordswithsb和某人吵架havewordfromsb聽到，受到某人消息4.Thenhelentmeabook.lendsbsth借給某人什么東西5.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.read–read–read[ri:d][red][red]6.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout+n./doing思考，思索，回想，想起eg.Doyouoftenthinkaboutyourchildhood?你經?；叵肽愕耐陼r代嗎？thinkof考慮，想起，記起eg.Ithoughtofpostcards.我總是想起明信片。7.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.1)passv.(passed)2)sendsthtosb=sendsbstheg.Ididnotsendcardstomyfriends.=Ididn’tsendmyfriendspostcards.8.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.makeadecision做出決定9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.10.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend花費，通常指某人花費了時間，金錢，精力等sbspendtime/money/energyonsth某人花費時間、金錢、精力在某事上sbspendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth某人花費時間、金錢、精力做某事eg.Hespendsmoneyasifhewereamillionaire.他花起錢來就好像是個百萬富翁一樣。eg.Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeonclothes.她花費所有的時間和錢在買衣服上。=Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeinbuyingclothes.eg.IspendawholehourinexplainingtheimportanceoflearningEnglishtohim.我花了整整一小時來給他解釋學校英語的重要性。SpecialDifficulties----過去式功能：動詞過去式表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。英語中有些動詞可以加雙賓語，這些動詞大多具有“給予”的含義。eg.Helentmeabook.(me:簡介賓語)(abook:直接賓語)一般簡介賓語置于直接賓語之前，一旦簡介賓語置于直接賓語之后，簡介賓語前要加to或for來表達。To表示動作對誰所做，表示方向性；for表示為了誰所做，是目的性。Helentabooktome.eg.Hesentmeacard.Hesentacardtome.Hepassedmethesalt.Hepassedthesalttome.Heboughtmeatie.Heboughtatieforme.Shemademeacake.Shemadeacakeforme.Exercise:改寫下列句子1)Hepaidtheshopkeepersomemoney.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.2)Hehandedmetheprize.Hehandedtheprizetome.3)Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertotheman.Thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.4)Hesoldallhisbookstome.Hesoldmeallhisbooks.5)Theshopassistantfoundsomecurtainmaterialforme.Theshopassistantfoundmesomecurtainmaterial.6)Hedidmeabigfavour.dosbafavour幫某人一個忙Hedidabigfavourforme.7)Sheshowedherhusbandhernewhat.Sheshowedhernewhattoherhusband.8)Shepromisedarewardtothefinder.Shepromisedthefinderareward.9)Hegavehissonsomeadvice.Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.10)Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.Hisuncleleftsomemoneyto/forhim.11)HeisteachingEnglishtous.HeisteachingusEnglish.12)Iboughtthisbunchofflowersforyou.Bunchofflowers一束鮮花Iboughtyouthisbunchofflowers.13)Bringthatbooktomeplease.Bringmethatbookplease.14)Heofferedmeacigarette.Heofferedacigarettetome.15)Readmethefirstparagraph.Readthefirstparagraphforme.16)I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.I’veorderedyousomesoup.17)Iowehimalotofmoney.Iowealotofmoneytohim.18)Passthemustardtoyourfather.Mustard芥末Passyourfatherthemustard.Afterdinner,mustard.馬后炮HYPERLINK練習Exercises1.Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter____.AfriendBasfriendsClikefriendsDinafriendlyway朋友作為朋友像朋友一樣以友好的方式2.Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe____dayofhisholiday.AfinalBendClatestDbottomB最后，結束，n./v.不能修飾名詞C最近的，最新的D底部，末端A最后的。3.Hedidn’twriteasinglecard.Sohe____.AwroteonlyoneBdidn’twriteevenoneCwrotejustoneDwroteallthecardsexceptone4.Thereisneedtocheckthe____ofthereport.AfrequencyBaccuracyCemergencyDefficiencyAfrequentadj.頻率很高的，經常的；Baccurateadj.準確的，精確的；Cemergentadj.緊急的；Defficientadj.有效率的，效率很高的。HYPERLINK復習Review1.時態(tài)：一般過去時,描述過去某時發(fā)生的動作，或者描述過去出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)的時候也使用過去時。eg.Lastweek,Iwenttothetheatre.上周，我去看戲了。Imetanoldfriendinthestreetthismorning.今天早上我在大街上看到一個老朋友。Iwasalawyerbefore.我以前是個律師。Theyquarreledyesterday.昨天他們吵架了。一般過去時描述的過去某時做了某事或過去某時出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。2.雙賓語現(xiàn)象：通常表示給予的動詞，可以將人和物同作為賓語。paysbmoney付給某人錢=paymoneytosbpasssbsth遞給某人某物時=passsthtosbbuysbsth=buysthforsbto表示方向性，f