2023學年完整公開課版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars英語總復習

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars英語總復習基礎(chǔ)知識梳理2考點探究演練3單元語法4基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固6課時作業(yè)7話題作文晨誦1高考真題對接5話題作文晨誦1．orbitn．軌道2．a(chǎn)stronautn．航天員3．phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象4．technologyn．技術(shù)5．a(chǎn)stronomyn．天文學6．spacewalkn．太空行走7．explorevt.探險；考察8．launchvt.發(fā)射9．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.先進的10．solaractivity太陽活動11．launchasatellite發(fā)射衛(wèi)星12．mannedspaceship/spacecraft載人飛船13．playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用14．a(chǎn)spacetravel太空之旅15．a(chǎn)blackhole黑洞(2013·廣東)你接受了一項寫作任務，要為英語校報寫一篇時事快訊。[寫作內(nèi)容]請根據(jù)以下信息，寫一篇關(guān)于移民火星的快訊。志愿者的選拔：到2015年，在全球選出約30名去火星的志愿者。志愿者的條件：至少18歲；做好不回地球的準備；愿與他人保持良好的關(guān)系。專家觀點：火星生活條件太艱苦；面臨嚴寒氣候、孤獨和恐懼。志愿者觀點：厭倦地球生活，想體驗火星生活；如果成功，就是人類英雄。*火星：theMars[寫作要求]只能用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容。[評分標準]句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章連貫。[選拔范圍、目的地]①AboutthirtyvolunteerswillbechosenallovertheworldandbesenttotheMarsin2015.[志愿者的條件]②Thosevolunteers,whomustbewillingtogetalongwellwithothers,shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewon'treturntotheearth.[專家觀點]③ExpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars,becausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfear.[志愿者的觀點]④However,somevolunteerssaythattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth，andwanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMars.Theyalsothinkthatiftheysucceed，theywillbeheroesofthehuman.Ⅰ.完成句子1．我說服他不做這樣危險的太空之旅。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousspacetravel.2．我們通常用來描述科學現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.3．天文學家和科學家認為黑洞是一種空間區(qū)，物質(zhì)可以掉進黑洞，但沒有什么物質(zhì)能從黑洞中逃脫。Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.4．由于有非常先進的技術(shù)，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞的能量為人類服務。Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．把①句改為簡單句(第一分句改為不定式作定語)。AboutthirtyvolunteerstobechosenallovertheworldwillbesenttotheMarsin2015.2．把②句中的定語從句改為形容詞作后置定語。Thosevolunteers,willingtogetalongwellwithothers，shouldbeatleast18andbepreparedforthechancethathe/shewon'treturntotheearth.3．強調(diào)③句中的畫線部分。Itisbecausetheywillfacethebittercoldweather,lonelinessandfearthatexpertsthinkthatitistoughforhumanbeingstoliveontheMars.4．用句型Thereasonwhy...isthat...改寫句④中的畫線部分。ThereasonwhytheywanttoexperiencethenewlifeontheMarsisthattheyaretiredofthelifeontheearth.基礎(chǔ)知識梳理Ⅰ.單詞速記A．識記單詞1．________(n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度2．________

(n.)學說；理論3．________

(n.)大氣層；氣氛4．________

(adv.)因此；于是5．________

(n.&vt.)拉(力)；拖；牽引力6．________

(vi.&vt.)

(使)浮動；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物systemtheoryatmospherethuspullfloat

B．聯(lián)想串記7．________(adj.)猛烈的→________(n.)暴力→________(adv.)猛烈地8．________(prep.)不同；不像→________(反義詞)(prep.)像→________(v.&n．)不喜歡9．________(adj.)有害的→________(n.)害處(vt.)對……有害10．________(vi.)存在；生存→________(n.)存在11．________(vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難(n.)謎；難題→________(adj.)迷惑不解的violentviolenceviolentlyunlikelikedislikeharmfulharmexistexistencepuzzlepuzzledⅡ.短語互譯1．及時；終于 __________________2．輪到某人；接著 __________________3．阻止；制止 __________________4．感到高興；感到振奮 __________________5．突發(fā)；爆發(fā) __________________6．密切注意；當心；提防__________________7．layeggs __________________8．givebirthto __________________9．nowthat __________________10．blockout __________________intime

inone'sturnprevent...fromcheerupbreakoutwatchoutfor下蛋產(chǎn)生；分娩既然擋住(光線)Ⅲ.典句析練1．“so...that...”句型Theearth____________________(變得如此猛烈以至于)itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.【仿寫】這個故事如此有趣以至于我們都沉浸其中。Thestory____________________wewerealllostinit.2．“makeitpossibletodosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)Thisproducedachainreaction，which_________________(使生命的發(fā)展成為可能)．【仿寫】在它里面所包含的國內(nèi)及國際新聞使我們了解一周來發(fā)生的所有的重要事件成為可能。Bothnationalandinternationalnewsinit_______________allimportantthingsthathavehappenedduringtheweek.3．“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried__________________(是地球上的兩倍遠)andfellover.【仿寫】新技術(shù)被引進后，這個工廠2015年生產(chǎn)的機器是去年的兩倍。Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced__________.4．nowthat引導的原因狀語從句Walkingdoesneedabitofpractice____________________(既然地球引力已發(fā)生了變化)．【仿寫】既然它對我們的好處如此多，為什么不試一試呢？____________________，whynothaveatry?答案：1.becamesoviolentthat;wassointerestingthat2．madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop；makeitpossibleforustolearn3．twiceasfarasontheearth;twiceasmanymachinesin2015aslastyear4．nowthatgravityhaschanged;NowthatitbenefitsussomuchⅣ.課文縮寫語法填空The__1__(explode)oftheearthproducedwatervapour，whichturnedintowaterwhentheearth__2__(cool)down.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmade__3__possibleforlifetobegintodevelop.The__4__(arrive)ofsmallplantsencouragedthe__5__(develop)ofearlyshellfishandall__6__offish.Manymillionsofyears__7__(late)thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians，__8__(be)abletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Finally,somesmallcleveranimalsappearedandspreadallovertheearth.Buttheytreattheplanetinan__9__(friend)way，andtheearthbecomestoo__10__(pollute)．答案：1.explosion

2.cooled

3.it

4.arrival

5.development6．sorts

7.later

8.were

9.unfriendly

10.polluted考點探究演練1．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggsandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它們也生蛋，在地球上存在了14000多萬年。必會(1)existon靠……為生existas作為……而存在existin存在于……之中Thereexist...某地有……；存在(2)comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的[方法規(guī)律]exist永遠是一個不及物動詞，existon和liveon同義，existin和liein同義。①Theycan't________________themoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。②________________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在著體形龐大的動物。③Ithasbeen________________formorethan500years.它已經(jīng)存在500多年了。④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth________________________.現(xiàn)在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何時產(chǎn)生的。答案：①existon

②Thereexisted

③inexistence

④cameintoexistence2．puzzlevt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困；感到迷惑n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)地球生命如何起源是科學家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。必會(1)apuzzle一件令人感到困惑的事情beinapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想，苦苦思索(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的，困惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解①The________lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn'tunderstandwhatIsaid.她臉上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我說的話。②Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrolandthisnewcomputerreally________him.但是他的好奇心難以控制，這臺新電腦也確實使他費解。③I'm________________________astowhattodonext.對于下一步該做什么我不知道。④Isawhim________________a________mathproblem.我看見他正在苦苦思考一道令人不解的數(shù)學題。答案：①puzzled

②puzzled

③inapuzzle

④puzzlingover/about；puzzling3．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力[教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.(P30)隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。必會pulloff脫(衣、帽等)pullon匆忙穿戴(襪子、手套等)pullthrough康復，完成；使渡過難關(guān)pullout離站；抽出，取出pullin(火車)進站；(船)靠岸；駛向路邊?？縫ulldown拆毀；摧毀①Ipulled________mymobilephonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手機讀媽媽發(fā)的短信。②Hishousewaspulled________byfire.他的房子被大火燒毀了。③Hepulled________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脫去上衣，便和我們一起干了起來。④Thepolicecarsignaledtoustopull________.警車發(fā)出信號，要我們駛向路邊?？?。答案：①out

②down

③off

④in1．intime及時；終于觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義。①Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.(

)②You'llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.(

)③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.(

)④Thedoctorcame________________tosaveherlife.醫(yī)生及時趕到救了她的命。必會ontime準時；按時innotime立即；馬上atnotime絕不(放在句首，句子需倒裝)atatime一次；每次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度attimes有時forthetimebeing暫時takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來⑤Don'trecitealltogether;one________________________.不要一起背誦，一次一個。⑥_____________________willsmokingbepermittedhere.這里絕不允許吸煙。答案：①及時②遲早③終于④intime

⑤atatime

⑥Atnotime2．prevent...from...阻止；制止[方法規(guī)律](1)在主動語態(tài)中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。(2)在被動語態(tài)里，這三個搭配中的from均不可省略。必會prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事protect...from...保護……不受……侵襲；擋??；防御keep...doingsth.使……一直做某事①Theheavyrain________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。②Apossiblewar________finally________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一場可能的戰(zhàn)爭最終由于他們的努力而避免了。③Thefarmers_______wheat________heavyrainwithrainclothes.農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。答案：①prevented/stopped/keptusfromgoing

②was；prevented/stopped/keptfrom

③protect；from3．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮①GiveMaryacall;sheneeds________________.給瑪麗打個電話，她需要人安慰。②WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystories________________________________.當我感到憂傷時，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。必會cheersb.up使某人振作起來cheersb.on(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵某人；為某人加油Cheers干杯！③Whatwehaddonewasto________ourteam________.我們所做的一切都是為了給我們的隊加油。④Cheers,_myfriends.干杯，朋友們。答案：①cheeringup

②tocheermeup

③cheer；on4．nowthat既然①既然你已經(jīng)決定去做，那么你就應該把它做好。______________________，youshoulddoitwell.②既然這些問題已經(jīng)解決，讓我們進入下一個吧。______________________，let'scometothenext.[方法規(guī)律]nowthat相當于since，是連詞詞組，用來引導原因狀語從句，口語中經(jīng)常省略that，只用now，這時now已經(jīng)失去了“現(xiàn)在”的含義。答案：①Nowthatyouhavedecidedtodoit

②Nowthattheproblemshavebeensettled/solved5．breakout(戰(zhàn)爭，火災，疾病)突發(fā)；爆發(fā)必會(1)breakout強調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、火災等的突然爆發(fā)，一般不用于被動語態(tài)(2)breakawayfrom脫離(黨派)；擺脫(控制)breakdown毀掉；壞掉；(計劃/談判)失敗breakup打碎；拆散；(會議)結(jié)束；分裂(解體)breakoff(使)停止；中斷；折斷breakinto強行進入(某處)①ThecivilwarinSyria________________ayearagoanditstillcontinues.敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)一年前爆發(fā)了，現(xiàn)在仍在持續(xù)。②Weshould________________________oldconceptsandrespectthepeople'spioneeringspirit.我們既要沖破舊的思想禁錮又要尊重群眾的首創(chuàng)精神。③Thepeacetalks________________withoutanyagreementreached.和談失敗了，沒有達成任何協(xié)議。答案：①brokeout

②breakawayfrom

③brokedown6．watchout(for)留神；密切注意，留意；小心(某物)，提防必會(1)watchover看守；監(jiān)視；照顧watchoutfor提防；注意……(2)beonthewatchfor留神；注意……keepwatch值班；放哨keep(a)watchon...監(jiān)視……①________________________amaninablackhat.注意一個戴黑帽子的男人。②Thedog________________hismaster'shousewhilethemasterwasaway.主人不在時這條狗為它的主人看家。答案：①Watchoutfor

②watchesover1．make＋賓語＋賓語補足語[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.(P32)這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。[句式分析]句中it為形式賓語，真正賓語為todevelop，forlife是不定式的邏輯主語。①Masteringthetechnology________________________theInternetmoreeffectively.精通這項技術(shù)可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。②Spaceships____________________tothemoon.宇宙飛船使去月球旅行成為可能。③Duringthisweek,__________________tojogeveryday.在這一周當中一定要養(yǎng)成天天進行慢跑的習慣。④Ihavediscoveredthatit__________________.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那讓他們感到高興。⑤Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould___________.老師提高了嗓音以便于被別人聽到。答案：①makesitpossibleforustouse

②makeitpossibletotravel

③makeitarule

④makesthemhappy

⑤makehimselfheard2．倍數(shù)的表達句式[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(P31)而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。[句式分析]句中twiceasfaras是倍數(shù)表達法之一，在句中作比較狀語。[名師點撥]兩倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分數(shù)表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示。[方法規(guī)律]倍數(shù)的表達方式①“A＋倍數(shù)＋形容詞或副詞的比較級＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。②“A＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞的原級＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。③“A＋倍數(shù)＋thesize/height/length/width，depth.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。④A＋倍數(shù)＋what從句①Thistableis____________________thatone.＝Thistableis____________________thatone.＝Thistableis____________________thatone.這張桌子是那張的3倍大。②Theyhave__________________cows________wehave.他們的牛是我們的三倍。③Thenewly-builtmuseumis______________________.這座新建的博物館是原來的3倍大。答案：①twicebiggerthan；3timesasbigas；3timesthesizeof

②threetimesasmany；as

③threetimeswhatitwas單元語法主語從句1．________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.答案：What考查主語從句。句意：他認為很好的一個提議在會議上被老板否定了。空處引導主語從句，在從句中作賓語，不指人，故填what。2．________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.答案：What考查名詞性從句。句意：釣魚島自古就屬于中國，這是大家都知道的。what引導的是主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.答案：That考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，答語是回答上面句子中的主語“What”的，故此句是一個主語從句，缺少引導詞，而引導詞在從句中不充當成分，故用“That”。4．Itremainstobeseen________thisplanispractica