無人駕駛飛機(jī)呼叫這里你地面飛行員

PilotlessThisisyourgroundpilotAutonomouscivilaircraftcouldbeflyingbeforecarsgoWithinthenextfewweeksatwin-enginedJetstreamwilltakeofffromWartonAerodromeinLancashire,England,andheadnorthtowardsScotland. Likeanyotherflight,thesmallcommuterairlinerwillrespondtoinstructionsfromair-trafficcontrollers,navigateapathandtakecaretoavoidotheraircraft.Butthepilotflyingtheaircraftwillnotbeinthecockpit:hewillhavehisfeetfirmlyonthegroundinacontrolroombackatWarton. Pilotlessaircraftarenowwidelyusedbythearmeds,butthosedronesflyonlyinrestrictedairspaceand TheJetstreammissionispartofaprojecttodeveloptheandproceduresthatwillallowlargecommercialaircrafttooperateroutinelyandsafelywithoutpilotsinthesameskiesasmannedcivilianflights.FastenyourseatToreassurethoseofanervousdisposition,thetestflightsdonotcarrypassengersandpilotsremaininthecockpitjustasethingsgowrong.Inthatwaytheyaresimilarto’strialsofdriverlesscars,whichhavedriversinsidethemtakeoverifnecessarywhileonpublicYetunmannedcommercialaircraftarelikelytoenterservicebeforepeoplecanbuyautonomousModernaircraftarealreadyperfectlycapableofautomaticallytakingoff,flyingtoadestinationandlanding.Thesetestsaretryingtoestablishwhethertheycandothosethingssafelywithoutapilotinthecockpitandatthesametimecomplywiththerulesoftheair.Progressisbeingmade,aconferenceinLondonheardthisItwasorganisedbytheAutonomousSystemsTechnologyRelatedAirborneEvaluationandAssessment,thegroupstagingtheBritishtestflights.This62mprogramme,backedbytheBritishernment,involvessevenEuropeanaerospaceAOS,BAESystems, ian,Cobham, iQ,Rolls-RoyceandItispotentiallyahugenewAmerica’saviationregulatorshavebeenaskedbyCongresstointegrateunmannedaircraftintotheair-trafficcontrolsystemasearlyas2015.國會(huì)已要求該國的協(xié)調(diào)員要在2015年將無人駕駛飛機(jī)加入空通系統(tǒng)Somesmalldronesarealreadyusedommercialapplications,suchasaerialphotography,butinmostcountriestheyareconfinedtoflyingwithinsightoftheirgroundpilot,muchlikeradio-controlledmodelaircraft.Biggeraircraftwouldbecapableofflyingfarther ngalotmorePilotlessaircraftcouldcarryoutmanyjobsatalowercostthanmannedaircraftandhelicopters—taskssuchastrafficmonitoring,borderpatrols,surveillanceandcheckingpowerlines.Theycouldalsooperate onditionsthataredangerousforpilots, ludingmonitoringfiresornuclear-poweraccidents.Andtheycouldflyextendedmissionsforsearchandrescue,environmentalmonitoringorevenprovidetemporaryairborneWi-Fiand -phoneservices. yststhinktheglobalcivilianmarketforunmannedaircraftandservicescouldbeworthmorethan$50billionby2020.Whateverhappens,pilotswillstillhavearoleinaviation,althoughnotnecessarilyintheAsfarastheeyecanseetherewillalwaysbeapilotommandofanaircraft,saysLambertDop-Hepenstal,thedirectorofASTRAEA.在可以預(yù)見的未來，飛機(jī)一直都會(huì)由掌控，ASTRAEA的Butthatpilotmaybeonthegroundandhemaybelookingaftermorethanoneunmannedaircraftatthesametime.Commercialflightscarryingfreightandexpressparcelsmightonedayalsolosetheiron-boardButwouldeventhemostpenny-phingcut-priceairlinebeabletosellticketstopassengersonflightsthathaveanemptycockpit? Morerealistically,thoseflightsmighthavejustonepilotinthe更現(xiàn)實(shí)點(diǎn)說，未來的飛機(jī)可能只有一名TechnologyhasalreadyrelievedtheflightdeckofanumberofManyearlylargeaircrafthadacrewoffive:twopilots,aflightengineer,anavigatorandaradio Firsttheradiooperatorwent,thenthenavigator,andbythetimethejewaswellunderwayinthe1970sflightengineersbegantodisappeartoo. 飛行機(jī)師也了。Nextitcouldbetheco-pilot,recedbytheautonomousflightsystemsnowbeingTheflightoverScotlandwilltesthowwellair-trafficcontrollerscancommunicatewiththegroundpilotthroughtheaircraft.在那架飛往蘇格蘭的飛機(jī)上將會(huì)測試空通員通過飛機(jī)與其地面通話的質(zhì)量TheprojectisalsoexploringwaystomaketheradioandsaliinkssecureandButengineersstillhavetopreparefortheeventualitythatthelinkbreaks;theaircraftthenhastohaveenoughautonomytooperatesafelyuntilcommunicationsarerestoredoritcanlandusingitsownguidancesystems.Unmannedaircraftwill,therefore,needasenseandavoidThiscanbeprovidedbytranspondersthatbleeptheaircraft’spresencetootheraeronesandair-trafficcontrollers.ButnotallmannedaircrafthavesuchSomelightaircraftandglidersoperatingatlowaltitudeslearweatherarenotrequiredtohaveevenradios,letalranspondersorradar.發(fā)機(jī)或了WhichiswhypilotskeeptheireyespeeledwhensuchtrafficmightbeASTRAEA’sJetstream,therefore,alsouses camerastoallowthegroundpilottolookaroundoutsidethecockpit.Image-recognitionsoftwarecanwarnofotherThisisbeingtesteddifferentbackgrounds,suchasaclutteredlandscapeorahazyInothertrials,differentaircraftarebeingflowninthevicinityoftheJetstream,andsomeofthemwillbeflowndeliberaytowardsitonapotentialcollisioncourse,toseeiftheseintrudingaircraftcanberecognisedbytheautomatedsystemsandtheappropriateavoidingactiontaken.TheseflightsaretakingceinanareaclearedofotheraircraftovertheIrishTheresultstodatesuggestyoucandosense-and-avoidaswellasahuman,saysMrDop-Hepenstal.ApilotlessnemustalsobeabletoactautonomouslyinanIntheeventofanenginefailure,forinstance,itcoulduseitsnavigationalmaptolocateasuitableareatoputdown.Butwhatifthiswasanopenfieldthathappenedtobeinusefor,say,aAforward-lookingcameramightshowagroundpilot此時(shí)前視頭會(huì)將此影像傳給地面Butifcommunicationswerelosttheaircraftwouldrelyonimage-recognitionsoftwareandaninfra-redcameratodetecttheheatgivenoffbypeopleandmachinesandsodecidetotrytolandTheASTRAEAresearchersarecarryingoutalotoftheirworkusingflightsimulatorsandair-traffic-controldata.Buteventuallytheywillstillhavetoprovethattheirsystemscanworkintherealworld—evenduringemergencylandings.Inordertosatisfyrisk-averseaviationregulators,ther