北京市東城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三英語綜合練習(xí)試題(一)

北京市東城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜

合練習(xí)試題(一)

英語試題第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)Everyyear，around20,000Americanteenagersageoutoffostercare(寄養(yǎng))at18,andhavetostarttheirlivesbythemselves.Ellafirstbecameawareoffostercarewhenherparentswereconsideringadoptingachild.Althoughthe(1)didn'tworkout,Ellaoftenfoundherselfthinkingaboutthatchild.“I'mreallyclosewithmyfamily,andjustcouldn'timaginebeing(2)onmyownat18,”shesays.Later,EllavisitedChildrenServices,withalistofquestions,tryingto(3)whatagingoutlookedlike.Onequestionwas“What'snotbeing(4)fortheseyoungpeople?”.Nearthetopofthelistwasfurniture.“Theideaofmovingintoanapartmentandnothavingabedtosleeponpulledatmyheartstrings,"saysElla.Ellacontactedherparents'friends,askingiftheyhadsparefurnitureto(5).Andalocalfurniturestoreofferedfreespaceanddeliverytruck.ThensheformedChair-ity,anonprofitprovidingfurnitureforyoungadultswhohave(6)fostercare.Watchingthoseinneedreceiveabed,atable-whatever-wastransformational.EllaremembersHannah,aformerfostercaregirlwhocouldn'taffordanyfurniture.WhenHannah(7)toChair-ity,Ellaaskedwhatsheneeded.“Everything,”shereplied.Whenshefoundheronce(8)apartmentstoodafullkitchenset,abed,andatable,shesaid,“Itreallyrelievedmypressure.”“Tothinkwhathadn'tbeenthoughtaboutinyearscouldbringsomuchhappinesstosomebodywas(9),”Ellasays.Today,Chair-ityhasgivenfurnituretonearly200youngadults.Aswordhasgotout,Ellahasreceiveddonationsfrommoreandmorepeople.She'sconvincedthesecontributionsgivethoseyoungpeople(10)andconfidence.1.A.planB.jobC.wayD.task2.A.occasionallyB.completelyC.frequentlyD.slightly3.A.explainB.understandC.expectD.recall4.A.metB.builtC.meantD.kept5.A.arrangeB.sellC.fixD.donate6.A.leftB.foundC.improvedD.thanked7.A.lookedupB.reachedoutC.heldonD.gavein8.A.quietB.coldC.smallD.empty9.A.promisingB.puzzlingC.amazingD.pressing10.A.purposeB.freedomC.hopeD.guidance第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AAfewweeksago,Iaccidentallydroppedaplateanditbrokeintoabillionpieces!I'dhaditforabout40years.Thismorning,wehadaparcel(11)(deliver)tomyson.Heopeneditand(12)(proud)handedanewplatetome,whichhehadboughtwithhisownsavings,sayingthatheknew(13)upsetIwasandwantedtosurpriseme!BOn15May,2021,Chinabecamethesecondcountry(14)(land)aspacecraftonMars.Therover,Zhurong,(15)(carry)toMarsonboardtheTianwen1spacecraft,whichwaslaunchedinJuly2020.Equippedwithcamerasandaradar,Zhurong'staskwastosearchforsignsoflife.It(16)(work)onMarssurfaceforovertenmonthsandisingoodshape.CCOP26,knownas“ConferencesoftheParties”，wasthelatestinaseriesof17_(meeting)bringingtogethergovernmentstoprotecttheenvironment.Itsmaingoalwastotakemeasures(18)climatechange-long-termchangesinworldweather

patternsthatarelinkedtohumanactivitiesincludingfarming,industryandtransport.Gasessuchascarbondioxide,(19)areproducedbytheseactivities,trapheatinEarth'satmosphereandcausetemperaturestorise,(20)(lead)toextremefloods,heatwavesandstorms.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)TheGreatWallMarathonisdesignedtobemorethanjustarace.Wewantyoutobeabletoruninamazingplaces,surroundedbyfriendlypeople,andexposedtonewculturalexperiences.It'snotjustabouttherace-it'saboutenjoyingtimetogetherwithfamily,friends,andotherrunning-mindedspirits.Itinerary17May2023WelcometoJizhou,Tianjin18May2023RouteInspectionDay19May2023RelaxationinJizhouwithtouroption20May2023RaceDay21May2023ExploreBeijing&.EveningCelebrationParty*OnRouteInspectionDay,theRaceOfficialswillprovideyouwithaRaceBriefing,whichwillcovereverythingfromaweatherforecasttoabriefpresentationofthestart/finishprocedures.Allrunnersareexpectedtowalkthe3.5kmsectionofthewallthatispartofthemarathon,half-marathonand8.5kmFunRuncourse.RaceOfficialsandMedicalStaffwillbepresenttoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.Rules&RegulationsFullmarathonrunnersmustbeatleast18yearsoldonRaceDay.Half-marathonrunnersmustbeatleast16yearsold.FunRunparticipantsmustbeatleast12yearsold.FunRunparticipantsundertheageof12arealsowelcome,solongastheyareaccompaniedbyarunneraged16orabove.Thecut-offtimeforalldistanceeventsis8hours.Allrunnerswithanetfinishingtimeslowerthan8hourswillreceiveaFNT(FinishedNoTime)ontheresultlist.Ifyoudecidetochangedistancesduringtherace,i.e.ifahalf-marathonrunnerdecidestofollowthemarathonroute,heorshewillreceiveacertificatebutnotanofficialtime.TheraceresultwillreadFNT.Thesameappliestoamarathonrunnerwhochangesdistancesduringtherace.AllrunnerswhochangedistancesbeforeRaceDaywillberegisteredaccordinglyandreceiveanofficialtime.VisaInformation6-8weekspriortotheraceyouwillreceivetheservicevoucherwhichyoucanuseforacquiringavisa.Formoredetails,.WhatwillparticipantsdoonRouteInspectionDay?EnjoytheFunRun.Joinina3.5kmwalk.Getmedicalinsurance.Attendatrainingcourse.Accordingtotherules,fullmarathonparticipants.willreceiveaFNTontheresultlistcanchangedistancesonRaceDayshouldbeatleast12yearsoldwillbeawardedmedalsWhatisthepurposeofthepassage?Toadvertiseasportevent.Topromoteaculturaltour.Tointroduceamarathoncamp.Topublicizeaplaceofinterest.BReneCompeanwasnostrangertoAngelesNationalForest.He'dhikedtheparknumeroustimes.Butwhenhikingalonganewpath,the45-year-oldwaslost.Asthedayfadedintodarkness,hisconcernturnedtofear.Withonlyalittlewaterinhisbackpackand10%batteryremainingonhiscellphone,Compeanwasunpreparedforanythingmorethanthetwo-hourtriphe'dplanned.Compeanclimbedtoaspotwherehefoundonebarofsignal.“SOS.Myphoneisgoingtodie.I'mlost,"hetextedafriend,attachingaphotoshowingwherehewas.Theshotshowedhislegshangingoverarockface.AllCompeancoulddothenwaswait.Thetemperaturewasdroppingfast.Dressedonlyinshorts,andasweatshirt,thehikerwaschilledtothebone.Hehuggedhimselfintoatightball.Andafterspottingtwomountainlions,hespentthenightonhighalert.Sixtymilesaway,BenKuowasworkingathomewhenhereadapostingfromthepolice,showinganimageofaman'slegs.Thesearch-and-rescueteamshadspentthepreviousnightunsuccessfullylookingforCompean,sotheyreleasedthephoto,hopingsomeonemightrecognizethelocation.“I'vealwayslovedlookingforwherephotosaretaken,”Kuosays.Hefrequentlytriestoidentifywheremoviescenesorcommercialswerefilmed.He'softensuccessful.Whenhesawtheimage,heautomaticallypulledupasatellitemaponhislaptop.“There'sanamazingamountofinformationyoucangetfromsatellites,”hesays.ThefirstthinghenoticedinCompean'sphotowasplentyofgreenery.Aftercomparingittothesatellitemap,Kuorealizedsomething:“He'sgottobeonthesouthsidebecausethere'renotanygreenvalleysonthenorthside.”Thatfindingledhimtoanareathatlookedliketheterritoryintheimage.Thefinalstepwascross-referencingtheoriginalphotowith3-Dimagesofthearea.Thelocationsmatched!Afterspending27hoursinthewilderness,Compeanwasfound.Compean'sstoryprobablywouldhaveendeddifferentlyhaditnotbeenforthemanwithstrongsatelliteskillsandasharpeyefordetail.WhatcausedCompeantogetlostonthehike?Thethickforest.B.Theunfamiliarroute.Thecomingofnightfall.D.Lowbatteryonthephone.KuowasabletoofferhelpbecauseofhisphotoreadingabilityB.hissenseofresponsibilityC.hisprofessionalexperienceD.hisfamiliaritywiththeareaWhatcanwelearnfromthisstory?Onegoodturndeservesanother.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.There'snosuchthingasuselessknowledge.CLastyearscientistsreportedusinganeuralimplant（神經(jīng)植入物）inaman'sbraintorestorehisabilitytocommunicate.Themanhasbeenpartiallyparalyzedandunabletoproducecomprehensiblespeechsincesufferingaseverestroke.Itisthelatestadvanceintheexplodingfieldofbrain-computerinterfaces（接口），orBCIs,whichallowcomputerstoreadinformationoutofalivingbrain.Brain-computerinterfacesarepossiblebecauseoftwofacts.Thefirstisthatyourbraincontainshundredsoftinymaps.Eachrepresentsspecificfeaturesofyourphysicalfeelingsandintendedactions.Andcrucially,thebasicsetofbrainmapsandtheirlocationswithinthebrainareverysimilaracrossindividuals.Thankstotheirspecializedfunctionsanduniversallocations,brainmapsareidealentrypointsforBCItechnologies.PickingupsignalsfromabrainmapisonlythefirststepinmakingausefulBCI.Althoughthelocationofabrainmapisthesameacrossindividuals,thedetails-whatpatternsofactivitywithinthemapmean-differfrompersontoperson.Inasense,theuniquefeaturesofyourspecificbrainmapsserveasakindofencryption（加密），safeguardingyourspecificthoughtsandfeelingsfromwould-bespies.ThatbringsustothesecondfactthatmakesBCIspossible.Thankstoadvancesinmachinelearning,scientistshavedevelopedprogramsthatcanlearntorecognizekeypatternsinavastseaofnumbers.Theytraintheseprogramstodecode（解碼）brainsignalsbyfeedingthemtonsofexamples.ResearchersdevelopingBCIsoftencreatesuchexamplesbyinstructinganindividualtothinkspecificthoughtsatspecifictimes,creatinganeuralcurriculumfortheprogramtolearnfrom.WhiletheuniversalfeaturesandlocationsofbrainmapsmakethemobviousentrancesforBCIs,theuniquefeaturesofyourbrainmapstendtoprotectthemfromspyingeyes.IncaseswhereBCIshavesuccessfullyreadspecificthoughtsorintentionsfromabrain,ithasbeenwiththepermissionoftheindividualwhosebrainwasbeingread.Buttherearesurreptitiouswaystotraindecodersonyourbrainwithoutyourknowledge.Thiscanhappenifyourneuraldatafallsintothehandsofcompanieswithdetailedinformationaboutyouractivities.Likealltechnologies,brain-computerinterfacesarenotnecessarilygoodorbad.YetwhileharvestingthebenefitsofBCIs,weneedtoensurethatwehavethemeanstoprotectourselvesfromcorporationswitheverymotivetotakeadvantageofthistechnologyfortheirfinancialgain.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaps?Theycarryuniquemessages.Theycanprocessencryptedsignals.Theirfunctionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Theirlocationsrevealhumanthinkingpatterns.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?BCIscanboostbrainsignalsdramatically.BCIscouldhelprecoverfrombraininjuries.MachinelearningenablesBCIstoreadmind.ThedecodingofbrainmaybeaffectedbyBCIs.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surreptitious”inParagraph5probablymean?Secure.B.Stable.C.Standard.D.Secret.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?ThefuturetrendofBCIs.ThepotentialrisksofBCIs.TheworkingprincipleofBCIs.D.ThegeneralapplicationsofBCIs.DJournal-basedpeerreview-theprocessofsubjectingascientificresearchpapertotheinspectionofotherswhoareexpertsinthesamefield-isgenerallyheldupasthequalityassurancemechanismforresearch.Itclaimstobeanessentialmeasurewhichpreventspublishingfaultypapers.Reviewingapapercandelayitspublicationbyuptoayear;isthatapriceworthpayingtoensurethetrustworthinessofthepublishedliterature?Well,yesandno.I'mnotyetreadytoabandonjournal-basedpeerreview.I'dstillliketoseeallpaperspasssomesortofcheckingstagebeforeformalpublication,butIfeelthegroundmoving.Thegrowinguseofpreprints,draftsofpaperswhicharepostedonlinewithouthavingbeenpeerreviewed,isacrucialpartofthatshiftbecausetheybringacademicsbacktowhatresearchpublicationisallabout:therapidcirculationofnewresultssotheycanberead,analyzedandbuiltupon.Publicationinjournalshasbecomemoreaboutfameandthishasaffectedboththemotivationsofauthorsandthejobofreviewers.Competitionforprizedspotsinjournalsdrivesscientiststodosomeoftheirbestwork.Buttheexcessive（過多的）rewardsforpublishingintopjournalsareencouragementstocorner-cutting,asstoriespolishedbyleavingoutinconvenientdataaremorelikelytobetakenup.Andthejoboftherevieweralsobecomesdistorted:itismoreoftennowtodecidenotwhetherapaperisanygood,butwhetheritisgoodenoughforthejournalconsideringpublication.Fortopjournals,thatcandependasmuchonnewsworthinessasscientificquality.Theseproblemsarewellknown,butthetragedyforscienceisthatfewpeoplearewillingtobreakawayfromthepresentsystem.However,asbiologistRonValearguedrecently-fittingly,inapreprint-preprintsmaybeawayoutbecausetheydon'tinvolveamajorshiftawayfromthenorm.Thatmayseemanoddclaimgiventhatpreprintshavebeeninexistencefortwentyyears,yethavenotbeenadopteduniversally.Thisslowuptakeisnotonlyareflectionofthebuilt-inconservatismofscientists,butalsoaresultofthewidespreadmisunderstandingthatjournalswon'tacceptmanuscriptswhichhavebeenpostedonlineaspreprints.Thereisalsoafearthatpublicationofpaperswithoutpeerreviewrisksopeningthefloodgatesto“junkscience"-somethingwhich,sofaratleast,hasyettooccur.Preprintsenabletheinformalscientificdiscussionsoncerestrictedtocorrespondencebetweenindividuals.Theycouldalsobecomeaneffectiveoutletfornegativeresults-avitalaspectofthescientificprocessoftenignoredbythejournals'excessivepreoccupation（關(guān)注）withnewdiscoveries.Furthermore,preprintssignificantlyincreasethenumberoftimespapersarereadandcitedbyothers.Bytakingadvantageoftheweb'scultureofopennessandaccessibility,preprintsshouldhelptorefocusattentionwhereitmatters-ontheworkitself,notwhereitispublished.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepopularopiniononpeerreview?Itlimitsthenumberofresearchworks.Itensuresthequalityofscientificpapers.Itremovespublicdoubtsaboutpublication.Itchangestheprocessofscientificpublishing.TheauthormayagreethatscientificjournalsA.urgescientiststopursueintegrityintheirworkrelyonreviewerstorevisefaultyresearchpaperschoosearticlesfortheirappealoverscientificvaluetrytocutcoststomaintaintheirpositioninthefieldWhat'stheauthor'sopiniononthegrowinguseofpreprints?A.Itwillcontributetojunkscience.Itmayendthepracticeofpeerreview.Itpromotesthespreadofresearchfindings.Itimprovesthequalityofscientificpublication.ThisisbasicallyapassagetoA.makecomparisonB.confirmaconceptC.encourageinnovationD.proposeapractice第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenyou'rebehindthewheel,distractions(分心)costlives.Nevertheless,driverstakeselfies,andrespondtotextmessages.(35)Smartphonesareoftenattherootofthesetragedies.AsBigTechsetsitssightsonmodernvehicles,it'sappropriatetoaskifit'stimetolimitattention-stealingtechnologythatdistractsthedriver.BigTechwantstotakeontheautomotiveindustry.Anditisgoodatgrabbingbothattentionandinformationfromusers.Atfirst,thegoalofthesetechnologycompanieswastogiveawayservicesatnocost,simplytoattractacustomerbase.(36)Theirincreasingthirstforvaluableuserinformationhasledthemtotheautomotiveindustry,whereawholenewworldofdataawaits.Locationdata,frequentdestinations,passengerpreferences-suchdataisfoundinfamilycars.(37)Mobiletechiswalledofffromvehicleoperatingsystemsbysoftwarethatkeepsinfotainment(informationandentertainment)featuresawayfromthemission-criticaldrivingelectronics.Ifautomakersgiveuptheircoreoperatingsystemtotechpowerhouses,theywillessentiallybecomehardwaresupplierstoSiliconValley.(38)Theirresponsibilityistokeepattentionontheroad,providingvehicleinformationandasmallamountofentertainmentoptionswhilegettingpassengersfromplacetoplaceassafelyaspossible.Smartphonemakersanddigital-mediaprovidersdon'thavethispriority.Theywanteyesontheirproducts,notontheroad.Withelectricvehiclestransformingtheautoindustry,andartificialintelligencemorecommonthanever,we'reatadangerousmoment.(39)Becausetheirhardwareiswrappedaroundfamilies,theyhaveadutytokeepthemsafe.Theonlywaytheycandothatistomaintaincontrolofthedriver'sseat.Thequality,safetyandsecuritywillmakeorbreaktrustinautomakers.Withoutit,carswillbesimplyonemoreintrusiveandriskymobiledevice.A.CarcompanieshaveprioritiesopposedtothoseofBigTech.Nowtheyexisttosellinformationabouttheiruserstoadvertisers.Theyenjoytheconvenienceandfunbroughtbymoderntechnology.Carmakersare,andshouldbe,themosttrustedtechnologycompaniesintheworld.Currentlyvideo-streamingservicesarestartingtobebuiltintocaroperatingsystems.Andoperatingsystemsandautonomous-drivingsoftwareareallgatewaysforthisinformation.Statisticsshowthatanaverageofeightpeopleadaydieinaccidentscausedbydistracteddriving.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。It'saftermidnightandyou'vebeenstudyingallday.Emptyenergydrinkslinethetableandyousigh,“Tomorrow,I'mgettingicecream.Ideservetotreatmyself.”Thisyear,theso-called“treatyourselfculture”hasexpandedfarbeyondwhatwasonceareward-basedmindset.Now,“treatingyourself"hasbecomemoreaboutstress-causedindulgence（放縱）.Itrepresentsthemoredeep-seatedissueswiththestressweregularlyputourselvesunder.Therootoftheproblemliesinourbeliefthatweshouldbedoingmorework