直接引語和間接引語概述

直接引語和間接引語概述我們把引述別人的話語可歸納為兩種方式，一種時(shí)直接引述別人的話語，并置于引號之內(nèi)的稱為直接引語，另一種是用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話語，稱為間接引語，間接一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。Theteacherasked,“DoyoulikeEnglish?“老師問：“你喜歡英語嗎？”（直接引語）ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.女孩說她非常喜歡英語。（間接引語）一般在直接引語或間接引語當(dāng)中都有一個(gè)引述動(dòng)詞，如tell,ask,say等。這些引述動(dòng)詞和它們的主語所放位置比較靈活，可以放在直接引語之前、之后或其中。主語如果是名詞時(shí)，可以倒裝?！爸髡Z+引述動(dòng)詞”放在間接引語當(dāng)中就相當(dāng)于賓語從句的主語部分。Hetoldme,“IamgoingtoChangchuntomorrow.”他告訴我：“明天我打算去長春?！?Whereareyoufrom?”askedLinda.“你來自哪里？”琳達(dá)問。直接引語變間接引語的變化形式人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。例如：Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他說：“我是來幫助你的。”fHesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他說他是來幫助我的。時(shí)態(tài)的變化引述動(dòng)詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)不變。引述動(dòng)詞如果用一般過去時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種。具體變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)f一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)f過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)f過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)f過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)f過去將來時(shí)【注意】含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的直接引語變成間接引語是，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時(shí)態(tài)。若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。有時(shí)由于直接引語有特定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語的變化now有時(shí)由于直接引語有特定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語的變化nowfthentodayfthatdaytonightfthatnightthisweekfthatweekyesterdayfthedaybefore地點(diǎn)狀語的變化herefthere謂語動(dòng)詞的變化comefgo直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的情況直接引語為陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。lastmonthfthemonthbeforethreedaysagofthreedaysbeforetomorrowfthenextdaynextmonthfthenextmonththedayaftertomorrowfintwodays⑴將直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，接在謂語動(dòng)詞之后（that可以省略。）例如：Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”他說：“我昨天忘記給你打電話了?！眆Hesaidthathehadforgottentocallmethedaybefore.他說她前一天忘記給我打電話了。（2）如果引述動(dòng)詞是saytosb.,則通常改為tellsb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Hesaidtome,“Yourbikeisbroken.”她對我說：“你的自行車壞了?！眆Hetoldmethatmybikewasbroken.他對我說我的自行車壞了。直接引語為一般疑問句直接引語為一般疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要做相應(yīng)的變化。其語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序，若直接引語的引述動(dòng)詞為say，應(yīng)改為ask.例如：Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?”瑪麗問我，“凱倫時(shí)美國人嗎？”fMaryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.瑪麗問我海倫是否時(shí)美國人。直接引語為特殊疑問句直接引語為特殊疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡柧湟龑?dǎo)的賓語從句，語序是陳述語序。例如：Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?”約翰問我，“周迅是哪兒的人？”fJohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.約翰問我周迅時(shí)哪兒的人。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句主句用一般將來時(shí)，if從句用一般過去時(shí)。WewillgotoBaoDuzhaiifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天好的話我們就去抱犢寨。Wewilltotravellingifwehavetimetomorrow.如果明天我們有時(shí)間我們就去旅行。主句祈使句，if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Pleasecallmeifyouneedhelp.如果你需要幫助請打電話給我。Singasongifyoufeelhappy.如果感到快樂就唱首歌吧！主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Youcanmakealotofmoneyifyourunacompany.如果你經(jīng)營一家公司的話你會裝很多錢。Youcangetnumberoneifyoustudyhard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)你就可以得第一。—Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifitdoesn'train?瑪麗，如果明天不下雨，我們就劃船好嗎？—Goodidea.好主意。蓮山課件原文地址：/shti/cusan/55175.htm初中英語——直接引語與間接引語直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語：三變：一變?nèi)岁惗儠r(shí)態(tài)三變狀語四變句型直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)津，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)?yesterday變?yōu)閠oday變?yōu)?tomorrow變?yōu)榈攸c(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”：指示代詞中this要改為;these要改為 .;here變?yōu)?;動(dòng)詞come變?yōu)?注yesterday變成thedaybefore ,時(shí)態(tài)要由原來的一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)四、如何變句型：直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如:Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."—Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如:Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?"—HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"—HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"—Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如:"Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren.—Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe.—Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞(或從句)?！比?Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."—Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”Hesaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”5Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”6Paulsaid,“I'mtryingtogetataxi.”“Inevereatmeat.”Heexplained.“Haveyoubeenhereforages?”shesaid.Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?'Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?”Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagaintomorrow.”Hesaidtome,“Don'tdothatagain.”Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”“Wholivesnextdoor?”sheasked.“What'shappened?”heasked.“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?”heasked.“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?”sheasked.“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?”themanasked.“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?”sheasked.“Willyoubeheretomorrow?”heaskedme.“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?”sheaskedBill.35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.鞏固練習(xí)：TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1.Sheaskedhim .whosedictionarythisis B.whosedictionarythatwasC.whosedictionaryisthis D.whosedictionarythatisMary'smotheraskedher .A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomeworkB.ifshehasfinishedherhomeworkC.ifshehadfinishedherhomeworkD.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework3.Heaskedme .A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextdayC.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday4.Shetoldmethatshe byherrelativesatthebusstop.A.hadbeenseenoffB.haveseenoffC.havebeenseenoffD.hadseenoff5.Canyouguess ?A.whatisthatmanB.whothatmanisC.whomthatmanisD.whoisthatman6.Thehostesssaidthatit___timethatthey___supper.A.was;hadB.was;hadhadC.is;haveD.is;havehad7.Thebossaskedhissecretary hehadfinishedtypingthereport .A.if;ornotB.if;notC.whether;ornotD.whether;not直接引語與間接引語精講直接引語：直接引用別人的話,并在原話前后加引號。例：Hesaid:"Itistoolate."間接引語：通過第三者轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引語與間接引語相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題。人稱的變化。主語為第一人稱的直接引語，變間接引語時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。例如：直接引語Shesaid:"Iamhungry."間接引語Shesaidshewashungry.直接引語Mumsaidtome:"Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow."間接引語MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)，從句要跟著相應(yīng)的變化,變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)不變（am/iswas,arewere,do/does did,cancould,willwould,動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式）1>“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2>.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3>.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4>.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.5>.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6>.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.、，亠-^7-.注意：1>.直接引語為客觀真理時(shí)，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Teachersaidtous:"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.Theteachersaidtous:“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.2>.直接引語為一般過去時(shí)并且與具體時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，間接引語仍用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Shesaid:"IwenttoEnglandin1998."ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.3>.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays:"Iboughtyouabookyesterday."Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化。this that,these those,here there,today thatday,tomorrow---thenextday,nextweek thenextweek，come go等)句式上的變化1>.陳述句變間接引語時(shí)，用that連接,that無實(shí)際意義，可省略。例Lanasaid:“IammadatMarcia.”Lanasaid(that)shewasmadatMarcia.Hesaid:“WearegoodatEnglish.”Hesaid(that)theyweregoodatEnglish.Shesaidtome:“Shedoesherhomeworkeverynight.”Shetoldme(that)shedidherhomeworkeverynight.Hesaid:“Igotoschoolbybus.”Hesaid(that)hewenttoschoolbybus.2>.一般疑問句，選擇疑問句變間接引語時(shí)，要用陳述語氣，并要加連詞if或whether。例如：Sheaskedme:"AreyouMr.Li?"SheaskedmeifIwasMr.Li.Sheaskedus:"Doyouwanttogoonapicnic?"Sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic.3>.特殊疑問句變間接引語要用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。例如："Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear,"Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.Heaskedme:“Whattimeisitnow?”Heaskedmewhattimeitwasthen.注意：轉(zhuǎn)述問句時(shí)后面用陳述句語序。4>.祈使句變間接引語，一改二變?nèi)铀娜?。一改：said(to)改為asked或told二變：saidto的賓語或呼語變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to,使成為動(dòng)詞不定式四去：去掉please例：Hesaidtoher:"Don'ttakethebookaway,please"Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.Hesaidtome:“Pleasedoitagain.”Hetold/askedmetodoitagain.Theteachersaid:“Don'ttalkinclass,Tom.”Theteachertold/askedTomnottotalkinclass.直接引語和間接引語專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、把下列的句子變成間接引語：1.“I'mleavingforLondonnextweek.”Mysistersaidtome.2.Johnsaid,“Mr.Smithhascomehere.”Shesaid,“Doyouwantmetohelpyou?”“Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimatlast?”Shesaid.Mumsaid,“CanyouspeakEnglish?”“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”Heaskedtheboy.“Don'tworry.”Themothersaidtothechildren.Hesaid,“Pleasegivemeabook.”二．單項(xiàng)選擇TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1.WherewasAlice'ssister?Idon'tknowwhere .A.wasAlice'ssisterB.Alice'ssisterwasC.isAlice'ssisterD.Alice'ssisteris2.Whatdidhesay?Idon'tknowwhat .A.didhesayB.hesaysC.hehassaidD.hesaidIdon'tknow .A.thereasonwhycanbeB.whythereasonmaybeC.whatthereasoncanbeD.whatthereasonmaybe4.Iwonder .whichofthefollowingisnottherightchoice?A.whethershewillbefitforthejobornotwhetherornotwillshebefitforthejobifshewillbefitforthejobD.whatshewillbefitforthejobTOC\o"1-5"\h\z5.IsMr.WufromBeijing?Idon'tknow .A.wheredoeshecomefromB.fromwheredoeshecomeC.whichcityhecomesfromD.whatcityhecomesfrom6.Canyoumakesure ?A.thathewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretodayC.willhecomehere todayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow ?A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddressC.whatheraddressisD.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme ?A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibraryC.howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelibraryJohnaskedme tovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlikeI'dliketoknow Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearnDoyouknow?A.whenwilltheycomeB.whenwouldtheycomeC.whentheywillcomeD.whendidtheycomeFatheraskedBob.A.whichonedidhelikebestB.whichonehelikedbestC.whichonehelikesbestD.whichonedoeshelikebestDoyouknowatthemoment?A.whataretheydoingB.whattheydoC.whattheyaredoin