2023年研究生入學(xué)考試英語綜合2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析

2023年研究生入學(xué)考試英語綜合2010-2022歷年真題選編帶答案難題含解析（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版(共75題)1.Directions:

A.Studythefollowingsetofbarchartscarefullyandwriteacomposition.

B.YourcompositionmustbewrittenonANSWERSHEET2.

C.Yourcompositionshouldcovermostoftheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:

1)根據(jù)提示概述下列4幅圖；

2)分析中國鋼產(chǎn)量迅速增長的原因；

3)預(yù)測世界鋼產(chǎn)量的前景。

Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.提示：歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會公布了最新數(shù)字：1996年世界鋼產(chǎn)量約為7.5億噸，比1995年下降0.2%。中國1996年鋼產(chǎn)量突破一億噸大關(guān)，從而超過日本成為世界上最大的產(chǎn)鋼國。2.Directions:

Youweresupposedtoattendaconferenceyesterdaybutforsomereasonyoucouldnotgoandfailedtoaskforleaveofabsence.WritealettertoJohnSmith,themanagerofyourcompany,explainingwhyandapologizingforyournegligenceofduty.

Donotsignyourownname.Sign"WangZhen"instead.3.低碳也可促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)

低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是指溫室氣體排放量盡可能低的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，尤其要有效控制二氧化碳這一主要溫室氣體的排放。在全球變暖的大背景下，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)受到越來越多國家的關(guān)注。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)以低能耗、低排放、低污染為基礎(chǔ)，其實(shí)質(zhì)是提高能源利用效率和創(chuàng)建清潔能源結(jié)構(gòu)，核心是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展觀的改變。發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是一場涉及生產(chǎn)模式、生活方式、價值觀念和國家權(quán)益的全球性革命。

在即將于20日落幕的全國節(jié)能宣傳周中，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)成了一個熱門詞匯。低碳意味著環(huán)保，彰顯出我們應(yīng)對氣候變化的努力方向，但它并不僅僅意味著減少使用化石燃料。從國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，低碳也可以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

英國是全球低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的積極倡導(dǎo)者和先行者。在2003年的能源白皮書中，英國首次以政府文件形式提出要創(chuàng)建低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)，領(lǐng)先其他各國。英國將發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)置于國家戰(zhàn)略高度，不僅是為了推動環(huán)保、應(yīng)對氣候變化，還希望通過發(fā)展、應(yīng)用和輸出低碳技術(shù)來創(chuàng)造新的商機(jī)和就業(yè)機(jī)會，在未來可能的低碳大產(chǎn)業(yè)中占據(jù)先機(jī)。

以英國能源和氣候變化部17日剛剛公布的“清潔煤炭”計(jì)劃草案為例，評估認(rèn)為，這一計(jì)劃將在工程、制造等領(lǐng)域提供3萬到6萬個就業(yè)崗位，到2030年它對英國經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)值將達(dá)到每年40億英鎊。

其他發(fā)達(dá)國家在發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)上也不甘落后。美國奧巴馬政府將把發(fā)展綠色能源作為重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激手段，計(jì)劃在10年內(nèi)創(chuàng)造500萬個新能源、節(jié)能和清潔生產(chǎn)就業(yè)崗位；日本的《綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會變革》政策草案被認(rèn)為可使日本環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的市場規(guī)模在2020年增長到120萬億日元(1美元約合96日元)。

具體來說，低碳目標(biāo)最有可能在三個方面促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。首先是加速太陽能、風(fēng)能等新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。這是減少使用化石燃料，從而減排二氧化碳等溫室氣體的治本之策。目前世界新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)已具備相當(dāng)規(guī)模，并正得到各國持續(xù)追加的投資。

其次是對傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的低碳化升級改造。前述英國“清潔煤炭”計(jì)劃便是針對煤電廠的技術(shù)改造計(jì)劃，要求煤電廠具有捕捉并儲存二氧化碳的能力。汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中興起的電動汽車、生物能源汽車，也是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)向低碳化發(fā)展的范例。

最后，全球碳交易市場本身也是一種新興的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國“清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制”等規(guī)定，沒有減排指標(biāo)的發(fā)展中國家或減排工作做得較好的機(jī)構(gòu)，可以將碳排放配額拿到市場上交易。碳交易已經(jīng)有效幫助了許多發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

英國(前)首相布朗曾表示，英國將力爭用“低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)模式”幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。在當(dāng)前全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的大背景下，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)將是科學(xué)而可持續(xù)發(fā)展的良好方向。

我們也參與了上面提到的日本和英國的合作研究，并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的針對中國低碳社會的研究。這里的研究目標(biāo)是在英國和日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳社會理想的情況下，發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家共享技術(shù)和對策，那么中國有可能迎接低碳未來。這些技術(shù)或者政策有可能會晚些進(jìn)入發(fā)展中國家，但只是時間的問題。

明年，有關(guān)部門將對完成“十一五”節(jié)能目標(biāo)有困難的地區(qū)加強(qiáng)督導(dǎo)，確保節(jié)能減排設(shè)施的有效運(yùn)行。同時在全國范圍內(nèi)繼續(xù)深入開展節(jié)能減排全民行動。此外，我國還將完善有關(guān)政策法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排；積極推進(jìn)十大重點(diǎn)節(jié)能工程，全面實(shí)施節(jié)能產(chǎn)品惠民工程。在做好財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼推廣高效節(jié)能空調(diào)的基礎(chǔ)上，制定冰箱、洗衣機(jī)、平板電視、燃?xì)鉄崴?、電機(jī)等節(jié)能產(chǎn)品的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼推廣實(shí)施細(xì)則。4.TheviewpointoftheEPAis______.A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancerB.electricityreallyaffectscancerC.controversialD.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer5.Writeamemorandumaccordingtotheinformationgivinginthefollowingoutline.

1)ThismemoistoMinistryofPersonalDepartmentJimHillman.

2)BraunMedicalCo.isinurgentneedofacapableproductmanager.6.Directions:

Youhaven'theardfromyourfriend(LiPing)sincelastyear.Writealetteraccordingtothefollowingoutline:

1)greethimandtellhimhowyouspendyourvocationand

2)invitehimtoBeijing.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.7.Directions:

Youareplanningtostudyinaforeignuniversity.Writealetterofapplicationtoaskforsomematerials.Writetotellthem

1)youreducationalbackgroundand

2)whatmajoryouwanttostudy.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.8.Directions:Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleoneagerlearners.Yourarticleshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:

1)Interpretthemessageconveyedbythepicture.

2)Makeyourcommentsonthephenomenon.

Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

9.Directions:

ThenumberofprivatecarsissoaringinChina.Theproblemsresultingfromtheincreaseofprivatecarsarebroughttopeople'sattention.Writealettertoaneditorofanewspaper

1)giveyouropinionsbrieflyand

2)maketwoorthreesuggestions.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.10.Directions:

Studythefollowingphotocarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethephotobriefly,

2)interpretthemeaningreflectedbyit,and

3)offerarelevantexample.

Youshouldwrite160-200words.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

11.12.Directions：

You'vereceivedaweddinginvitationfromyourbestfriendJessiejustnow,butunfortunatelyyouhavesomethingelsetodothatdayandcouldnotattendit.Pleasewriteareplyletter,tellingheryourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.13.(10points)14.Heisplanninganothertourabroad,yethispassportwill______attheendofthismonth.A.expireB.exceedC.terminateD.cease15.Directions:

YouareLiMing,chairmanoftheHistoryDepartment.YouwanttoinviteProfessorSwift,ascholarofChinesehistory,toattendaninternationalconferenceonChinesehistory.

Writehimaletterto

1)invitehimtoattendthemeetingand

2)askhimtomakeaspeechduringtheconference.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.

Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.16.Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong______tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.A.sowellB.toowellC.wellasD.wellenough17.Directions:

A.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.

C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

1)Describethefollowingdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)Giveyourcomments.

18.Directions:

ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80-100EnglishwordsonANSWERSHEET2.

冬季的體育鍛煉

盡管冬季寒冷，但足仍需進(jìn)行必要的體育鍛煉。寒冷的氣候條件下進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，一定要注意自我保健，否則會適得其反，凍壞身體。冬季體育鍛煉項(xiàng)目主要有滑冰、滑嚳、晨練、冬泳等，下面結(jié)合冬季氣候作介紹。

首先是著裝問題。服裝的隔熱值必須與運(yùn)動中增強(qiáng)的代謝產(chǎn)熱過程平衡。在冷天中多穿衣服，衣服在皮膚之外包住一層溫暖的空氣，使傳導(dǎo)散熱過程減弱。但在運(yùn)動時，機(jī)體的產(chǎn)熱大大增加，如果穿得過多反而有害，應(yīng)穿輕便的衣服。這樣在運(yùn)動中產(chǎn)熱增加時，可以方便地脫掉。近年來服裝制造商在發(fā)展輕質(zhì)服裝方面不斷改進(jìn)，這樣可以保證良好的隔熱性，同時又保證了活動的自由性。

在寒冷環(huán)境下運(yùn)動時，機(jī)體能量代謝增強(qiáng)，產(chǎn)熱增加，此時機(jī)體血管擴(kuò)展，大大降低了身體對寒冷的抵抗能力。因此，在運(yùn)動間隙要特別注意保暖，及時加衣。寒冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)動時能量消耗大，代謝水平高，使身體內(nèi)的能源物質(zhì)消耗增多，在代謝過程中還需要各種維生素的參與，如維生素B1、B2、B3、煙酸、維生素C等需求增加。

因此，對于從事滑冰、滑雪及在寒冷環(huán)境下鍛煉者的膳食，應(yīng)注意增加較多的熱量。一般來說，從事同等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動冬季比春季熱量消耗高10%左右。據(jù)測算，一個成年人兩小時的滑冰練習(xí)可增加消耗1000～1500千卡熱量。在三大物質(zhì)中，因脂肪具有產(chǎn)熱多的特點(diǎn)，且增加脂肪有助于機(jī)體御寒，故應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加脂肪的供能比例，一般可占全部熱量的25%～30%；而蛋白質(zhì)也應(yīng)偏高，占12%～18%；其余由糖來供給。體育運(yùn)動者按每天消耗3500卡熱量計(jì)算，蛋白質(zhì)約需130克，脂肪150克，糖約480克，相當(dāng)于每天應(yīng)攝入米飯或饅頭600克左右，雞肉100克，瘦豬肉200克，雞蛋兩個，牛奶兩杯，植物油50克等。

冰雪項(xiàng)目鍛煉中，膳食中的維生素也應(yīng)相當(dāng)增加，維生素C能增強(qiáng)人體對寒冷的適應(yīng)能力。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)稱，攝入大量維生素可明顯減少寒冷環(huán)境中的體溫下降幅度，緩解機(jī)體腎上腺的過度應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，增加機(jī)體耐寒能力。

冬泳是我國北方的一大特色，冬泳健身在理論上有其科學(xué)性，但冬泳畢竟是一項(xiàng)冒險的運(yùn)動，必須掌握科學(xué)的方法。反之，就會影響身體健康，甚至誘發(fā)疾病。一是冬泳鍛煉應(yīng)從秋季的冷水浴開始，逐漸提高對寒冷的適應(yīng)能力；冬泳期間應(yīng)加強(qiáng)高能量飲食的補(bǔ)充，冬泳前不要喝酒；對于心、肝、腎有嚴(yán)重疾病的人或腦血管病、潰瘍、關(guān)節(jié)炎患者，以及婦女在月經(jīng)期均不宜冬泳。

冬季有晨練習(xí)慣的人，遇大霧天，最好在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行晨練。一是霧天能見度低，容易發(fā)生交通事故；二是冬霧中含有對人體有害的酸和胺等污染物，吸人人體易引起氣管炎、喉炎、結(jié)膜炎和一些過敏性疾病。另外，冬季晨練應(yīng)盡量用鼻呼吸，鼻道能對吸入的冷空氣預(yù)熱，鼻黏膜能阻止吸入空氣中的灰塵。對于嚴(yán)重的疾病患者，冬天的耐寒鍛煉更應(yīng)適度。鍛煉時應(yīng)根據(jù)病情變化適當(dāng)減少或增加幅度，以防舊病復(fù)發(fā)。注意循序漸進(jìn)，掌握體育鍛煉與藥物治療相結(jié)合的原則。在天氣過于寒冷時，最好不要外出鍛煉。19.Directions:

ProfessorRodgerEadeisplanningtovisitChinaasavisitingscholar.NowMr.LiMing,HeadofChineseLanguageDepartment,BeijingUniversity,iswritingaletterto

1)expresswarmwelcome,and

2)formallyinvitehimtobeavisitingscholar,discussingthemattersrelatedtoresearchfield,financialsupport,durationofthevisit,etc.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.20.Educationshouldbevariousbecause______.A.peoplearerichorpoor,cleverorfoolishB.freeeducationforalldoesn'tworkC.lifeisvariedD.peoplehavedifferentprofessionalbackgrounds21.Directions:Youjustcomebackfromyourholiday.Writealettertothemanagerofthehotelyoubookedtocomplainthebadserviceinthehotel.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.22.______forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.HaditnotbeenB.WereitnotC.BeitnotD.Shoulditnotbe23.Directions：

Youhavereceivedaninvitationtothebirthdaypartyofyourfriend,Torn.Butyoucan'tattendit.WritealettertoTomto

1)thankhimfortheinvitation,

2)givereasonswhyyoucan'tgo,

3)apologizeandexpressyourwishes.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.24.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

25.I'vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool______twentyyearsago.A.aboutB.sinceC.tillD.with26.Directions:

Youhavehadanaccidentandareinhospital.

WritealettertoprofessorJohnsonexplainingwhyyouwillbeabsentfromclassforthenextmonth.Askforadviceabouthowtocontinueyourstudiesduringthisperiod.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.13onotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.27.Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanarticleonthewasteofenergy.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:

1)describethedrawing,

2)interpretitssymbolicmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomment.

Youshouldwrite1t50--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)28.Directions:

Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticleonamarketingstrategy:discountpromotion.

Yourarticleshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:

1)interpretthemessageconveyedbythepicture

2)makeyourcommentsonthephenomenon

Youshouldwrite160～200wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.

29.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)30.Iamnot______withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.A.concernedB.compatibleC.considerateD.complied31.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethepictures,

2)interpretthemeaning,and

3)commentontheissue.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

32.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethepicturebriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

33.Corporationsandlaborunionshave______greatbenefitsupontheiremployeesandmembersaswellasuponthegeneralpublic.A.conferredB.grantedC.flungD.submitted34.Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot______fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical35.1.Thereareatleastthreemajoradvantagestolivinginasmalltown.Thefirstistheeasewithwhichapersoncangetaround.2.Thesecondadvantagesisthelowcostofliving.3.Thegreatestbenefitofsmall-townlifeisthefriendliness.36.Directions:

Youarepreparingtoaskforsomehelpfromyourteacher,writealetterthat:

1)detailwhatyouwanthimorshedoesforyou,

2)expressyourthankstoyourteacher,

Youshouldwriteabouti00wordsonANSWERSHEETII.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.37.6.

A.armadaB.lineC.fleetD.group38.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)39.Directions:

YouareplanningtoinviteProfessorLeetogivestudentsalectureonEnglishliterature.Writealettertohimwhichshouldinclude:

1)sendingyourinvitationstohim,

2)givingthedetailedinformation,

3)expressingyourexpectanceandthanks.

Youshouldwrite100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.40.Howcanwemeettheneedsoftodaywithoutdiminishingthecapacityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirs?Sustainabledevelopmentimpliesabroadviewofhumanwelfare,along-termperspectiveaboutsocialdevelopment.

Writeanessaywhichshouldcover：

1)describingthesetofdrawingsbelow；

2)statingitsmainideaand

3)givingyourcomment.

41.Directions:Writeanessayof160--200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

42.Directions:

Oneofyourclosefriends,Catherine,gaveapianosoloataconcertlastnightandwonthefirstprize.Nowwriteheraletterofcongratulationincludingthefollowingdetails:

1)yourheart-feltcongratulations,

2)yourstrongimpression,

3)andyourencouragement.

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"12Ming"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.43.Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:

1)describethecartoon,pointoutthemessageconveyed;

2)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.44.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that______.A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroadB.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwideC.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforratereliefD.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness45.Directions:

SupposeyoulivedattheRehabilitationCenterandwereundertendercare.Youwritealettertoextendyourthankstoyourstaff'sconsideration.

Beginyourletterasfollows:

Dearstaff,

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownname,using"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.46.Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis______toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.A.commentB.reactionC.impressionD.comprehension47.A.Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.

C.Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:

1.effectofthecountry'sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife

2.possiblereasonfortheeffect

3.yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotection

THEUPSANDDOWNSOFPOPULATIONGROWTH

48.Directions:

WritealettertoProf.Wang,HeadofForeignLanguages.Department,introducingtohimyourstudentMissJinHua.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.49.Directions.

Arecruitmentdrivefor100,000Olympicvolunteers,whichaimstohelptheChineseandforeignersgetinvolvedinthe2008Games,wasofficiallylaunchedinBeijinglastmonth.Youintendtoapplyforcertainpositions,andnowwritealettertherecruitmentoffice,showingyourmotivationandstatingyoureligibilityfortherequirements.

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.50.Directions:

Writeapostertoyourschoolmates,informingthemofanewbooktobereleased.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.51.Directions:

Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethedrawing,

2)interpretitsmeaningandimplications,and

3)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

52.Directions:

WritealettertoProf.Wang,HeadofForeignLanguages.Department,introducingtohimyourstudentMissJinHua.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.53.Directions:

Jordanisoneofyourbusinesspartners.RecentlyhewaspromotedtobetheGeneralManagerofECCCompany.Writealetterto

1)congratulatehimonhispromotionand

2)expressyourwishtocooperatewithhim.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.54.Directions:

Youareabouttograduatefromauniversityinthecomingmonth.Rightnowyouaredoingsomejobhunting.WritealetterofapplicationtoanAmericanbankinyourcityto

1)introduceyourselfbrieflyand

2)expressyourwishtojointhecompany.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.55.Directions:

Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethechartbriefly,

2)analyzepossiblereasonsforthetrend,and

3)giveyourpointofview.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

56.Directions:

Youarewritingtolaunchastrongcomplaintabouttheimpolitetreatmentthatyourguests,yourcolleagueandyoureceivedwhenyoumetinarestaurantontheeveoftheNewYearlastFridayevening.Yourlettershouldinclude:

1)detaileddescriptionofyourexperience,

2)andyourstrongresentment.

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.57.Whoshouldpayforthiseducation,thegovernmentorthestudent?

Youaretowriteinthreeparagraphs.

Inthefirstparagraph,youcouldbringoutthetopicquestion.

Inthesecondparagraph,statethedifferentviewsconcerningtheproblem.

Inthelastparagraph,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionwithyourownopinion.

Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)58.Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto

1)describethepicture,

2)deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture,and

3)suggestcounter-measures.

Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.59.Directions:

YourfriendMaryBrownwillgotoWashingtonD.C.nextmonth.WritealettertoTonywhoisthereandintroduceMarytohim.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETⅡ.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.60.Directions:

YouareateacherofEnglish.TheeditorofCampusNewsaskedyoutorecommendtwoEnglishbooksforstudentstoreadduringthesummer.Yourarticleshouldinclude:

1)briefintroductionstothebooks;and

2)reasonsforyourrecommendation.61.Directions:

ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80～100Englishwords.

現(xiàn)代化要求教師角色重新定位

中國教育現(xiàn)代化的最終達(dá)成，相當(dāng)程度上取決于作為教育主體力量的教師富于創(chuàng)新智慧的開拓性教育實(shí)踐。全球化教育語境迫切要求教師角色的歷史性創(chuàng)新。

全球化已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)催生教育基本理念的諸多深刻轉(zhuǎn)換。在知識觀方面，全球化知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的新環(huán)境，使知識的創(chuàng)新和文明的傳播出現(xiàn)了基于知識、注重更新、追求升級換代，并且知識更新?lián)Q代周期短、數(shù)量大的新特征，這樣。知識的傳授從傳統(tǒng)的過去時轉(zhuǎn)向新穎的未來時。在學(xué)習(xí)觀方面，突破空間阻隔的國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，正在并終將把全球的學(xué)校、研究所、圖書館和其他種種信息資源聯(lián)結(jié)起來，構(gòu)成一個龐大和復(fù)雜的資源庫，以教師為中心的灌輸式教學(xué)，將被以學(xué)習(xí)者為中心的自主式學(xué)習(xí)所取代。個體的志向、興趣和精神發(fā)展的種種需求，將上升為學(xué)習(xí)的主導(dǎo)性力量。在教師觀方而，隨著全球化語境中學(xué)生個人的知識來源多元化，教師不再被視作知識的唯一擁有者和化身，其功能主要不是傳授知識，而是引導(dǎo)和激勵學(xué)生探尋、發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造性地運(yùn)用知識，并與之和諧共享。教師工作由傳授知識變?yōu)殚_發(fā)學(xué)生智慧和精神資源，職責(zé)更為全面、使命更加重要。

這些教育理念的諸多變化，必然對教師傳統(tǒng)角色形成新的挑戰(zhàn)。以全球化視角來看，教師所關(guān)注的并不是通常所謂的灌輸條理分明的知識，而是保護(hù)使每個學(xué)生找到適合自己道路的環(huán)境條件。由此可以管窺教師因其職責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)換而引發(fā)的一系列角色創(chuàng)新。

首先，教師要成為學(xué)生教育學(xué)意義上的交往者，以平等的人格、除偽的語言，同步實(shí)行與學(xué)生的人際交往與心靈交流。教師以平等的姿態(tài)接納交互主體的差異性、獨(dú)特性甚至是局限性，并將這些視作極其珍貴、極其重要的教育資源，而不是以嚴(yán)密預(yù)設(shè)的目標(biāo)來封閉開放性對話的“邊界”，因此，教師全方位超越了知識提供者、人生設(shè)計(jì)者之類傳統(tǒng)的“權(quán)威”角色。

其次，教師要成為學(xué)生可持續(xù)自主化學(xué)習(xí)的有力促進(jìn)者。一方面，教師的教育價值在于引導(dǎo)和促進(jìn)學(xué)生積極、主動地去求知。這樣，教師幫學(xué)生主動“要學(xué)”顯然遠(yuǎn)比被動“學(xué)好”更為重要，因?yàn)榍罢卟攀谴龠M(jìn)學(xué)生堅(jiān)韌不拔、穿越坎坷、有望建樹的“可持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)”，后者只是復(fù)制既往、重在守成的“維持性學(xué)習(xí)”。而重要的另一方面在于，教師通過平等和誠摯的對話，促進(jìn)學(xué)生不斷地尋找、發(fā)現(xiàn)那條開發(fā)自我、更新舊我的獨(dú)特道路，從而賦予其學(xué)習(xí)活動以個體生命的情感體驗(yàn)和深沉意義，正因如此，教師促進(jìn)學(xué)生“會學(xué)”顯然遠(yuǎn)比“學(xué)會”更重要。所謂“會學(xué)”，即教師要促進(jìn)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成開放性思維品格、彈性化價值尺度和變通性發(fā)展方向，故“會學(xué)”具有指向未來、超越和創(chuàng)新的展開性，而“學(xué)會”則往往局限于既定和既有的知識與義理，難免帶有一定的滯后性。

再次，教師要成為學(xué)生智慧和情意等精神資源的深度開發(fā)者。所謂開發(fā)者，即教師要以忘我奉獻(xiàn)的精神，去珍愛和維持教育學(xué)意義上的諸多“環(huán)境條件”，以利于教師不僅釋放出青春的智慧，而且高揚(yáng)起崇高的理想精神、堅(jiān)定的意志品格和純潔的道德力量，從而通過一生可持續(xù)發(fā)展，走出屬于自己的那條創(chuàng)新性和建樹性道路。

展望全球化所引導(dǎo)的新時代，學(xué)校作為多元化文明的集散地，將在創(chuàng)造新人的過程中發(fā)揮更為重要的作用。為了適應(yīng)未來社會和未來教育發(fā)展對教師角色的新需求，教師應(yīng)努力把握自身素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展的基本價值取向，重鑄自身的人格和精神結(jié)構(gòu)。

一是發(fā)展面向全球多元文化、選擇融合有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的開放性和創(chuàng)新性思維素質(zhì)。全球教育競爭在相當(dāng)程度上，取決于教師的思維素質(zhì)和其思辨力的廣度和深度。教師應(yīng)著力追求以開放性和創(chuàng)新性為基本特征的思維品格。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠及時、迅速、完整地提供一個真實(shí)的全球語境，學(xué)生已擁有個性和求異思維的發(fā)展空間，故教師能否以開放性眼光，評估和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們五彩繽紛的心智流向，客觀對待母體文化和異質(zhì)文化，無疑是對教師“教育文明”的一種嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

二是發(fā)展適應(yīng)全球交際需要、有力促進(jìn)學(xué)生精神健康發(fā)育的世界性和現(xiàn)代性人格素質(zhì)。生命的品位、靈魂的境界，取決于人格素質(zhì)。面對信息多元化、思維自由化的全球語境下時代新特征，面對克隆羊的誕生使人的批量生產(chǎn)在技術(shù)上成為可能，黑客的襲擊可以摧毀一個國家的金融甚至防衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)等這些對人類傳統(tǒng)價值觀的新挑戰(zhàn)，教師的教育范疇，顯然存在著從單一的認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域，向情感、道德、意志和行為等非認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，勢必要求教師自覺、主動地優(yōu)化作為一門隱蔽課程而存在并發(fā)揮著重大潛教育價值的自身人格素質(zhì)。教師要有對全人類、對未來生活的超越性理想精神及其敬業(yè)態(tài)度，要有以愛心為內(nèi)核的博大情懷，要有堪為表率的道德品格，還要敢于對學(xué)生不恥下問，以期達(dá)到教學(xué)相長、學(xué)海無涯的美好境界。

三是發(fā)展符合全球化新時代潮流的教育理論素質(zhì)。在人類文明的發(fā)展中，文字的出現(xiàn)與印刷術(shù)的誕生，引發(fā)了教育兩次質(zhì)的飛躍。新世紀(jì)以來，高新科技正以前所未有的加速度推進(jìn)著教育的又一次重大變革。尤其是多媒體和信息高速公路，成為人類步入全球化網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的重要標(biāo)志，極為深刻地影響著學(xué)校教育理念和模式。教師理當(dāng)優(yōu)化自身教育理論素質(zhì)，從而把原本缺乏人的活力的現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)，融入以人為主體的活生生的教育進(jìn)程中去。62.Directions:

Youhaven'theardfromyourfriend(LiPing)sincelastyear.Writealetteraccordingtothefollowingoutline:

1)greethimandtellhimhowyouspendyourvocationand

2)invitehimtoBeijing.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdon'thavetowritetheaddress.63.IapologizeifI______you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.A.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended64.Directions:

Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inthisessay,youshould:

1)describethepicturebriefly,

2)interpretthemeaning,and

3)giveyourcomment.65.Directions:

Youbookedatwo-weekholidaytoSydneywithFly-by-NightTravel.Youarenothappywiththeholiday—theflightwasdelayed,thehotelwasnoisy,andsoon.

WritetoFly-by-NightTraveltocomplainabouttheholidaygivingdetailsabouttheproblems.Requestsomecompensationorrefund.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddrexss.66.Directions:

Thefigureshowsthepercentageofemployeesineachoccupationabsentfromworkforatleastonedayinareferenceweekin1999duetoinjuryorillness.

Writeareportforauniversitylecturedescribingtheinformationshownbelow.

Youshouldwriteabout160—200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Percentageofemployeesabsent

(Figuresinbracketsequalnumberofemployeescouted)

67.Directions:

Youhaveafriendwhoisabouttoenteruniversity,andhewantsyoutogivehimsomeadviceonwhichmajortochoose:history,inwhichheisinterestedinorcomputerscience,whichindicatesbetterjobprospects.

Writealetterwithnolessthan100wordstotellhimyouropinionandexplainthereasons.

WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.68.1)time&place;

2)textbookforthisclass;

3)studentswhoarequalifiedtoattendthisclass;

4)officetosignin;

5)publishingtimeofyournotice.

Bytheway,Mrs.Connie,anAmericanprofessorwhoisworkinginGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies,willcomeandhavetalkswithustwiceaweek.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)69.Directions:

YouheardthatoneofyourfriendsfailedintheentranceexaminationofpostgraduateWritealettertohimwhichshouldincludethefollowinginformation:(1)expressyourregrets;(2)encouragehimtotryagain;(3)hopetoseehiminhighspirits.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourwonnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.70.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.71.1.主題句：人們對大學(xué)合并持有不同的態(tài)度。

2．發(fā)展句：A)一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)合并是建設(shè)世界一流大學(xué)的重要舉措。B)另一些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)合并有一些潛在的問題，如管理問題。

3．結(jié)論句：大學(xué)合并利大于弊，但應(yīng)考慮到帶來的問題。

Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.72.Directions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:

1)describethecartoon,pointoutthemessageconveyed;

2)giveyourcomment.

Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

73.Directions:

Youhaveboughtabrand-newcomputerinadealer'soffice.Butmuchtoyourdisappointment,itcouldnotbenormallyoperatedwhenyougotitback.Writealettertothemanager,

1)launchingyourcomplaints,

2)specifyingitstroubles,

3)andproposingsolutions.

Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.74.Directions:

OnyourwayfromChengdutoBeijingyoulostyourluggagecarriedbytheairline.WriteacomplaintlettertotheservicecenteroftheAirline.Inyourletter,youshouldtellthem

1)whathappenedtoyourluggage,

2)whatyourluggageislike,and

3)whatcompensationyouexpect.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)75.Itwasno______thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.A.coincidenceB.conventionC.certaintyD.complication第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點(diǎn)試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：[參考樣文]

AccordingtothefiguresissuedbytheEuropeanEconomicCommission,theworld'ssteeloutputoflastyearaddeduptomorethan750milliontons.Comparedwiththatof1995,itdecreasedby0.2percent.AsfarasChinaisconcerned,ithassu