【課件】Welcome+Unit+Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件人教版（2019）必修第一冊

WelcomeunitDiscoveringUsefulStructure（2課時）1.What

makesasentence?Leading-inWords,phrasesandstructures.2.What

arethemainelementsinasentence?LeadinWhatAreThey?1.S(subject)主語2.V(verb)謂語動詞3.O(object)賓語4.P(predicative)表語5.A(adverbial)狀語6.DO(directobjective)直接賓語7.IO(indirectobjective)間接賓語8.C(objectivecomplement)賓語補足語1.Reviewthemainelementsinasentence.2.LearntoknowthebasicsentencestructuresofEnglish.3.Learntoanalyzethestructureofthesentencesfromthetext.“十大詞類，八大成分，八大句型”Learningobjectiveslead-inIcollectsomesentenceswrittenbystudents,canyoucorrectthefollowingsentences.Gointomyschlool,youcanseemanyflowers.Therehave100books.TomiscomefromBeijing.Goingintomyschool,youcanseemanyflowers.Thereare100books.TomisfromBeijing.TomcomesfromBeijing.Correctsentencestructureisimportent!十大詞類Beforelearningsentencestructure,weshouldknowthewordclassfirst.動形名副，介代連冠，感嘆和數(shù)1.名詞[Nouns（n.）]：用來表示人或事物名稱的詞，如penapple在句子中常作主語賓語表語定語賓補等e.g.Theappleisn’tripe.主語Iloveanimals.賓語Thisisanapple.表語Ithinkitmydutytohelpthelittlegirl.賓補Therearenotmanymenteachersinthekindergarten.定語動形名副，介代連冠，感嘆和數(shù)2.代詞[Pronouns（pron.）]：用來代替名詞的詞，如weusthem在句子中常作主語賓語等e.g.Weloveourfamily.主語LisateachesusEnglish.賓語3.動詞[Verb（v.）]：表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，如eatdrinksleep在句中做謂語e.g.LastweekhewenttoHawaiiforholidays.謂語十大詞類動形名副，介代連冠，感嘆和數(shù)4.副詞[Adverb（adv.）]：用來修飾動詞形容詞副詞在句子中做定語狀語等e.g.

Pleasereadthenewwordsbelow.修飾名詞

Youarerunningfast.修飾動詞

Ipushthedoorveryhard.修飾副詞5.形容詞[Adjective（adj.）]：表示事物或人特征的詞，如bigsmall在句中做定語表語補語e.g.Ilikesuchbeautifuldresses.定語Thedressisbeautiful.表語

Ifindthesedressesbeautiful.賓補十大詞類動形名副，介代連冠，感嘆和數(shù)6.數(shù)詞[Numeral（num.）]：表示人或事物數(shù)目多少（基數(shù)詞）或順序先后（序數(shù)詞）在句中做賓語定語等e.g.Iwanttwoapples，please.做賓語

Fortythousandpeoplewatchedthegame.做定語7.冠詞[Articles（art.）]：用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞所指范圍的詞，主要有aanthe在句子中主要修飾名詞e.g.Thedogisverycute.8.介詞[Prepositions（prep.）]：用在名詞和代詞之前，說明其與別的詞的關(guān)系其后跟賓語，一起在句子中做定語或狀語e.g.Pleasewaitatthedoor.做地點狀語Thegirlatthedoorismyniece.做定語十大詞類動形名副，介代連冠，感嘆和數(shù)9.連詞[Conjunctions（conj.）]：起連接作用的詞，如andbutsoor在句子中連接兩個詞短語或句子e.g.IwillcallyouwhenIgetthere.

TomandBobarebrothers10.感嘆詞[Interjections（int.）]：表示感嘆語氣的詞表示喜怒哀樂，在句中起到加強語氣的作用e.g.Oops！Ithurts！十大詞類GrammaticalTerms（語法術(shù)語）1.subject（S）

主語2.predicate謂語3.object（O）賓語4.predicative表語5.adverbial（Ad）狀語6.attribute（At）定語7.objectcomplement（OC）賓語補足語8.subjectcomplement（SC）主語補足語9.directobject（DO）直接賓語10.indirectobject（IO）間接賓語八大成分“主謂賓表定狀補”S(subject)主語定義：是一個句子所敘述的主體，說明動作是“誰，什么”發(fā)出的，一般位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.八大成分V(verb)謂語是對主語加以陳述，說明（表述）主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由V.充當(dāng),放在主語之后（英語句子的靈魂）(1)由實義動詞V.做謂語Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?(2)情態(tài)V+V原HecanspeakEnglishwell.(3)助V+VSheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.(4)系動詞八大成分系動詞分為5類一、狀態(tài)系動詞—“be”翻譯：“是，叫”二、感官系動詞—表示與人的感覺器官有關(guān)，俗稱五感動詞分為:“feel,smell,sound,taste,look”(常與like一起搭配使用，表示感覺/聞起來/聽起來/嘗起來/看起來…像)三、持續(xù)系動詞—用來表示主語繼續(xù)或者保持一種狀況或態(tài)度：主要有“keep，remain，stay，stand，continue，lie，hold，rest”四、表象系動詞—用來表示看起來像這一概念：翻譯“顯得，似乎，好像”主要有“seem,appear”五、變化系動詞—表示主語變成什么樣：主要有“become,grow,turn,get,go,come,run,make,fall”八大成分O(object)賓語定義：動作的對象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.八大成分C(objectcomplement)有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有：make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keepIfoundthebookinteresting.Imakemystudentsinterestedinmyclass.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.Wefoundhimintroublenow.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.八大成分P(predicative)定義：在系動詞后的部分就是表語,用以說明主語的身份，特征和狀態(tài)。Thespeechisexciting.

Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.That’swhyhecamehere.八大成分Attributive定語定義：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句.單個的定語一般放在所修飾詞前–前置定語短語，句子一般放在所修飾詞前–后置定語Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.八大成分A(adverbial)狀語定義：用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句,位置靈活。修飾adj./adv.時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；分類：地點狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語、條件狀語、程度狀語、方式狀語和伴隨狀語。Thisbookisveryinteresting.Irunfast/quickly.Theyareplayingontheplayground

ateight.IJohnoftencametochatwithme．Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.Youprobablyknowmorethanyouthink.八大成分Appositive同位語定義：對n.或pron.進行補充說明或進一步解釋說明Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.Thinking1.whicharethemostimportantpartsinasentence?2.whatisthedifferencebetweenO.&P.“主謂賓表定狀補”八大句型基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）句型六：主語+謂語+狀語句型七：主語+謂語+賓語+狀語句型八：therebe句型Analyzing:kindsofsimplesentence1.S+V主語+動詞（謂語）

這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞為不及物動詞（短語），故后不能直接接賓語，也沒有被動語態(tài)。主謂結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)。常見的不及物動詞（短語）有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,last,appear,work,cometrue,takeplace等。Thesunisrising.太陽正在升起。Thelittleboyiscrying.小男孩正在哭泣。Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.場上的所有足球運動員高聲歡呼。2.S+P主語十（系動詞+）表語

這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞為系動詞，無被動語態(tài)，也無進行時態(tài)。常見的系動詞有be動詞；還有感官系動詞(sound,look,smell,taste,feel);變化系動詞(become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run);持續(xù)系動詞(remain,keep,hold,stay);表象系動詞(seem,appear,look)等。表語由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式或從句充當(dāng)。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看來都不同了。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.電腦在人們的生活中很有用Theproblemremainstobesettled.問題依然需要解決。3.S+V+O主語+謂語+賓語

(1)這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞（短語），一般有被動語態(tài)。用作賓語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞或從句等。(2)在“動詞+介詞”的動詞短語中，賓語只能放在介詞之后；在“動詞+副詞”的動詞短語中，作賓語的名詞放于副詞前后皆可，作賓語的代詞只能放在副詞之前。PleasewakeLiLingup(=wakeupLiLing)at6:30inthemorning.Pleasewakeherupat6:30inthemorning.()Pleasewakeupherat6:30inthemorning.(X)HeiswatchingTV.4.S+V+IO+DO主語+動詞（謂語）+間接賓語+直接賓語

這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的及物動詞后跟雙賓語，指人的賓語稱為間接賓語，指物的賓語稱為直接賓語。通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后，也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，但間接賓語前需用介詞for或to。間接賓語之前用介詞to的常見動詞有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的常見動詞有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.他給我買了一份生日禮物。Ishowedhimmypictures.我給他看我的照片。5.S+V+O+C主語+動詞（謂語）+賓語+賓語補語

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補足語可以由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等充當(dāng)。該句式常用于三類動詞：(l)使役動詞：keep,make,let,have,leave,get等；(2)感官動詞或短語：see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,hear,feel,smell等；(3)ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade等。Miketoldmenottogonow.邁克告訴我不要現(xiàn)在走。Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他們把門漆成綠色。6.S+V+A主語+動詞（謂語）+狀語

該句型的謂語動詞通常為不及物動詞；副詞或介詞短語在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語動詞。Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他們談了半個小時Thetimepassedquickly.時光飛逝。7.S+V+O+A主語+動詞（謂語）+賓語+狀語

該句型的謂語動詞通常為及物動詞、副詞或介詞短語，在句中作狀語，修飾或說明謂語動詞。Ihadmyfirstmathsclassinseniorhigh.在高中我上了第一堂數(shù)學(xué)課。Iwaitedforhimattheschoolgate.我在校門口等他。Therebe句型表示“某處存在某物或某人”，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“Thereis/.are/was/were...+地點狀語”。主語是其后的名詞，be動詞形式根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。謂語動詞有時候可用表示存在的其他動詞，如live,stand,lie,seem/appeartobe(好像有)，happentobe(碰巧有)，usedtobe(曾經(jīng)有)等。Thereisapianoinmystudy.在我的書房里有一架鋼琴。Thereare56studentsinmyclass.我的班里有56名學(xué)生。8.存現(xiàn)句(Therebe句型)Practice:Learntorecognizethestructures1.SVstructure1.1Abird

flies.

1.2Monkeys

jumped.

1.3He

wassleeping.

InSVstructure,verbsareintransitive.SVOCstructure5.1Thewar

made

him

ahero.

SVOC5.2They

found

hiscat

dead.5.3She

called

him

Mr.Wood.InSVOCstructure,animpliedlogicalrelationexistsbetweenOandC.InExample5.1,therelationbetween“him”and“ahero”issupposedtobe-“heisahero”.What’stherelationbetween“hiscat”and“dead”in5.2?SVOstructure2.1Asheep

eats

grass.

2.2Monkeys

like

bananas.2.3He

wants

somecandies.InSVOstructure,verbsaretransitive.PleasemakeaSVOsentence!SVAstructure6.1It

rained

heavily.

SVA6.2He

coughed

badly.

SVA6.3Therabbit

ran

inthewoods.

SVAInSVAstructure,adverbialisusuallyattheendofthesentence.PleasegiveanotherexampleofSVAstructure!SPstructure3.1This

isgreat3.2He

lookswell.3.3She

becameateacher.InSPstructure,Prefersto“l(fā)inkverb+adjective/noun”.Linkverbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Let’strymakingaSPsentencewith“grow”!“Therebe…”structure8.1Thereis

anapple

onthetable.

VSA7.2Thereare

sevendays

inaweek.

VSA7.3There

is

milkandbread.

VSIn“therebe…”structure,SandVareinverted.V’snumberisdecidedbytheveryfirstnounofS.SVOAstructure7.1Asheep

iseating

grass

overthere.

SVOA7.2Mum

makes

lunch

inthekitchen.

SVOA7.3They

liked

thefilm

verymuch.

SVOAInSVOAstructure,theverbistransitiveandisfollowedbyanobjectandanadverbial.SVIODOstructure4.1He

asked

me

aquestion.

SVIODO4.2Danny

wrote

hismom

aletter.4.3She

bought

Mr.Wood

abook.InSVIODOstructure,verbsaretransitiveandarefollowedbyIOandDO.1.Tell

the

kindsofthesentences

1)Everybodysmiled.2)Thecarcaughtfire.3)Didthemilkturnsour?4)Heboughthiswifeadress.5)Royfoundhisnewjobratherboring.6)Yourbrothergotupat10o’clock.7)Ihaven’tseenDanielforlong.8)Arethereanygardensinthetown?SVSVOSPSVIODOSVOCSVASVOATherebePracticing2.Readthesentencesandanalyzethestructures.P6-21.The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecenterofthecity.2.We

mustact.3.Themathshomework

lookseasy.4.Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.ASVSVSPOSVC5.Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6.Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8.We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.IOSVDOOSVOSVATherebe…Basicsentencestructures

一、主謂

SV

二、主（系）表

SP

三、主謂賓

SVO

四、主謂賓賓

SVOO

五、主謂賓補

SVOC

六、主謂狀

SVA

七、主謂賓狀

SVOA八、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)Summarizing1.