manhattan sc簡版chapter 4概述句子平行部分必須在語意上結(jié)構(gòu)相似

Chapter4Not…but…;（不是…而是Notonly…but…ratherthan…;（XratherthanYXY）*and、but、orand最常見。然而，不要局限于這些標(biāo)志詞，anyconstructionthatexpressestwoormorethingsinthesamewayrequiresWrong：IwanttoretiretoaceWHEREIcanrelaxANDIpaylowRight：IwanttoretiretoaceWHEREIcanrelaxANDWHEREIpaylowtaxes.Right：TherearemanypeopleWHOspeakEnglishBUTWHOSEparentsdonot.Wrong：RalphlikesBOTHTHOSEWHOarepopularANDWHOareRight：RalphlikesBothTHOSEWHOarepopularANDTHOSEWHOarenot.前逗號XandX,Y,andX,Y,Z,and彼此獨(dú)立時(shí)，最好在and前逗號。XandY(ListofClauses)Wrong：ShearguesthatncyactswithdisregardforhumanlifeANDpropertyANDrecklessabandonANDitshouldthereforebeshutdown.Right：ShearguesthatncyactsWITHrecklessabandonANDWITHdisregardforhumanlifeANDproperty,ANDthatitshouldthereforebeshutdown.Xactsas distinguishXfrom XisthesameasasX,soY estimateXtobeY Xisgood,andsotooisYbetweenXandY XinsteadofY X,suchasY(example)comparetoX,Y XisknowntobeY thinkofXasYconsiderXY XislessthanY XisthoughttobeYontrasttoX,Y makeXY viewXasYdeclareXY mistakeXforY whetherXorYXdevelopsintoY notonlyX(,)butalsoYXdiffersfromY regardXasYWrong：Salappliedhimselfinhisnewjob,arrivedearlyeveryday,skippedlunchregularly,ANDleftlateeverynight.Right：Salappliedhimselfinhisnewjob,arrivingearlyeveryday,skiplunchregularly,ANDleavinglateeverynight. OtherLinking Wrong：ThebouquetofflowersWASagivingoflove.Right：ThebouquetofflowersWASagiftoflove.Wrong：Uponbeingnominated,thispoliticianREPRESENTSastepforwardinurban-ruralrelationsinthiscountry.Right：ThenominationofthispoliticianREPRESENTSastepforwardinurban-ruralrelationsinthiscountry.*ToBe形式在某些情況不一定能作為平行標(biāo)志詞，有時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，有時(shí)表示式。當(dāng)ToBe形式被作為這些形式使用時(shí)，不要關(guān)注平行！看到代詞，找它代指誰（即先行詞Wrong：Theparkrangersdiscussedmeasurestopreventseverewildfires,whichwouldbedevastatingtoIT.Right：Therangersdiscussedmeasurestopreventseverewildfires,whichwouldbedevastatingtoTHEPARK.Wrong：Althoughtheterm“supercomputer”maysoundfancifulorexaggerated,ITissimplyanextremelyfastmainframethatcanexecutetrillionsofcalculationseverysecond.Right：Althoughtheterm“supercomputer”maysoundfancifulorexaggerated,ITsimplyREFERSTOanextremelyfastmainframethatcanexecutetrillionsofcalculationseverysecond.Wrong：Confrontedbyradicalchangesinproductionanddistribution,modernHollywoodstudiosareattemptingvariouperimentsinanefforttoretainITSstatusasthepri rbiterofmovieconsumption.Right：Confrontedbyradicalchangesinproductionanddistribution,modernHollywoodstudiosareattemptingvariouperimentsinanefforttoretainTHEIRstatusasthepri rbiterofmovieconsumption.Right：Confrontedbyradicalchangesinproductionanddistribution,themodernHollywoodstudioisattemptingvariouperimentsinanefforttoretainITSstatusasthepri rbiterofmovieconsumption.注意：ititstheythem它Wrong：Wheneverastudentcalls,takedownTHEIRinformation.Right：Wheneverastudentcalls,takedownHISorHERinformation.Right：Wheneverstudentscall,takedownTHEIRinformation.thisthatthesethose（指示代詞New“nano- orporatefibersthatgiveTHESEMATERIALSthatorthoseindicatesa“NewCopy”orcopiesoftheIt,theyorother alpronounsindicatesthesameactualthingastheantecedent.E.G.,ThemoneyspentbyherparentsislessthanTHATspentbyherchildren.E.G.,ThemoneyspentbyherparentsismorethatITwa pectedtobe.a“NewCopy”orcopiesthatthose必須被修飾，換句話說，必須增加描述表示thenewcopy是怎樣與之前的版本區(qū)分開。E.G.,ThemoneyspentbyherparentsislessthanTHATSPENTbyherchildren.E.G.,Her isoutperformingTHATOFhercompetitor. Any“NewCopy”thatorthose必須在數(shù)量上與之前的版本保持一 isoutperformingTHOSEofhercompetitors.Right： isoutperformingTHECOMPUTERSofherthat、thoseWrongWrong：Herproductsareunusual;manyconsiderTHESERight：Herproductsareunusual;manyconsiderTHEMWrong：Researchertohavedevelopednew“nanopapers”orporatingtinycellulosefibers,whichTHEYallegegiveTHEMthestrengthofcastiron.Theyresearchers，themnew“nano-papers”→錯！ tohavedevelopednew“nano-papers” tinycellulosefibers,whichgivethesematerialsthestrengthofcastiron,accordingtotheresearchers.Right：Supernovasdestroytheirimmediateenvironmentsinvastexplosions,butbysynthesizingheavychemicalelements,THEYprovidetheuniversewiththepossibilityofbiochemistry-basedlifeasweknowit.environmentsorexplosionsenvironmentsorsuchexplosionsisinvestigatingseveralexecutives’compensationpackagesordertodeterminehowayhavebeenim