(通用版)2020版高考化學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第六章化學(xué)反應(yīng)與能量排查落實(shí)練(五)化學(xué)反應(yīng)與能量

(通用版)2020版高考化學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第六章化學(xué)反響與能量排查落實(shí)練(五)化學(xué)反響與能量(通用版)2020版高考化學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第六章化學(xué)反響與能量排查落實(shí)練(五)化學(xué)反響與能量/(通用版)2020版高考化學(xué)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第六章化學(xué)反響與能量排查落實(shí)練(五)化學(xué)反響與能量排查落實(shí)練(五)化學(xué)反響與能量一、看法正誤判斷－1－11．某反響的H＝＋100kJ·mol，則正反響活化能不小于100kJ·mol。()由負(fù)極流向正極。()3．依照兩極發(fā)生的反響種類可判斷原電池的正負(fù)極：負(fù)極上總是發(fā)生氧化反響，正極上總是發(fā)生還原反響。()4．電解池的工作原理：電解池中與直流電源正極相連的是陽(yáng)極，陽(yáng)極發(fā)生氧化反響；與電源負(fù)極相連的是陰極，陰極發(fā)生還原反響。通電時(shí)，電子的流向?yàn)樨?fù)極―→陰極―→電解質(zhì)―→陽(yáng)極―→正極。()答案：1.√2.√3.√4.×二、原電池電極反響式或總反響式的書寫1．鎂-鋁電池(負(fù)極—Al，正極—Mg，電解液—KOH溶液)負(fù)極：________________________________________________________________________；正極：________________________________________________________________________；總反應(yīng)離子方程式：________________________________________________________________________。－－－答案：2Al＋8OH－6e===2AlO2＋4H2O6HO＋6e－－22－－＋3H2↑2Al＋2OH＋2HO===2AlOLiAlCl-SOCl)2．鋰電池(負(fù)極—Li，正極—石墨，電解液—42已知電池總反響式：4Li＋2SOCl===SO2↑＋4LiCl＋S。試寫出正、負(fù)極反響式：負(fù)極：________________________________________________________________________；正極：________________________________________________________________________。－＋答案：4Li－4e===4Li－－2SOCl2＋4e===SO2↑＋S＋4Cl3．高鐵電池(負(fù)極—Zn，正極—石墨，電解質(zhì)為浸潤(rùn)的固態(tài)堿性物質(zhì))已知：3Zn＋2K2FeO4＋8H2O放電3Zn(OH)2＋2Fe(OH)3＋4KOH，則：充電放電時(shí)：負(fù)極：________________________________________________________________________；正極：________________________________________________________________________。充電時(shí)：陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________。答案：3Zn－6e－－＋6OH===3Zn(OH)22－＋6e－＋－4233Zn(OH)2＋－－6e===3Zn＋6OH2－2Fe(OH)－－－＋8HO3424．甲醇燃料電池堿性電解質(zhì)(鉑為兩極、電解液為KOH溶液)正極：負(fù)極：總

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________反響方程式

；；：________________________________________________________________________。酸性電解質(zhì)(鉑為兩極、電解液為H2SO4溶液)正極：負(fù)極：總

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________反響方程式

；；：________________________________________________________________________。－－答案：(1)3O＋12e＋6HO===12OH22－－2－＋12HO3322CH3OH＋3O2＋4KOH===2KCO3＋6H2O－＋22－＋2CHOH－12e＋2HO===12H＋↑322CHOH＋3O===2CO＋4HO322三、電解池電極反響式或總反響式的書寫1．用惰性電極電解以下溶液(1)NaCl溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總反響方程式：________________________________________________________________________。(2)CuSO4溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總反響方程式：________________________________________________________________________。＋－答案：(1)2H＋2e===H2↑－－2Cl－2e===Cl2↑電解2NaCl＋2H2O=====2NaOH＋H2↑＋Cl2↑(2)2Cu2＋＋4e－===2Cu－－4OH－4e===2HO＋O2↑電解2CuSO4＋2H2O=====2Cu＋2H2SO4＋O2↑2．用惰性電極電解以下熔融態(tài)物質(zhì)Al2O3陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；陰極：________________________________________________________________________；總反響方程式：________________________________________________________________________。2－－答案：6O－12e===3O2↑3＋－4Al＋12e===4Al電解2Al2O3(熔融)=====4Al＋3O2↑3．用銅作電極電解以下溶液(1)H2SO4溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總反響方程式：________________________________________________________________________。(2)NaOH溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總反應(yīng)方程式：________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H↑2Cu－2e－2＋===Cu電解Cu＋H2SO4=====CuSO4＋H2↑(2)2H2O＋2e－－===H↑＋2OH2Cu－2e－－＋2OH===Cu(OH)2電解Cu＋2H2O=====Cu(OH)2＋H2↑4．用Al作電極電解以下溶液(1)H2SO4溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總反響方程式：________________________________________________________________________。(2)NaOH溶液陰極：________________________________________________________________________；陽(yáng)極：________________________________________________________________________；總