第14講 非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式（原卷版）（人教版2019）

第14講非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)+習(xí)題跟蹤訓(xùn)練【知識(shí)講解】不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（不定式的不同形式）①基本形式：todo（表示主動(dòng)，并且一般表示將來）②被動(dòng)式：tobedone（表示被動(dòng)，并且一般表示將來）③進(jìn)行式：tobedoing（表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行）④完成時(shí)：tohavedone（表示主動(dòng)和完成）⑤完成被動(dòng)式：tohavebeendone（表示被動(dòng)和完成）⑥完成進(jìn)行式：tohavebeendoing（表示主動(dòng)和完成進(jìn)行）Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.

老師讓我們做早操。Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.

要買的這輛車是給他的姐姐的。Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.

老師進(jìn)來時(shí)，她假裝正在讀書。Thethiefissaidtohaveescaped.

據(jù)說小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。Thethiefissaidtohavebeenarrested.

據(jù)說小偷已經(jīng)被抓住了。Sheissaidtohavebeenworkinginthefactoryoverthelast20years.

據(jù)說在過去的20年里，她一直在這家工廠工作。不定式的句法功能不定式具備名詞、形容詞、副詞的性能，在句中可以作除謂語之外的其他句子成分非謂語動(dòng)詞變化表不定式todo表目的、結(jié)果將來形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoingtobebeingdone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone否定式not+_________(1)作主語詞不定式作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.騎自行車到那兒將花費(fèi)我們半個(gè)小時(shí)。Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.要彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)光是不可能的。Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous.身子探出窗外很危險(xiǎn)。Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.現(xiàn)在好像不可能存錢。(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名詞+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。Itisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.在馬路上亂丟廢物是違章的。②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?你花了多少時(shí)間來完成這項(xiàng)工作?③It+be+形容詞+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.我們難以在四分之一小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這篇作文。It'sdifficultforustofinishtheworkinaweek.對(duì)我們來說，一周之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作很困難。注意:Itis+形容詞+for/ofsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It'skind

of

youtosayso.相當(dāng)于Youarekindtosayso.你這么說真是太好了。(2)作賓語不定式一般作動(dòng)詞的賓語，不直接作介詞的賓語，但是“疑問詞十不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可作介詞的賓語。Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtoquitsmoking.你父親終于決定戒煙了。Ifounditinterestingtolearnaforeignlanguage.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很有趣。Talkwithfriendsaboutwheretoshop.與朋友討論去哪里購(gòu)物。特別點(diǎn)擊：只接不定式不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起），agree(同意),arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，care(關(guān)心)，choose(選擇），decide(決定），demand(要求)，determine（決心），expect(期待)，help(幫助)，hesitate(猶豫)，hope(希望)，long(渴望)，manage(設(shè)法），offer(主動(dòng)提出)，plan(計(jì)劃)，prepare(準(zhǔn)備)，pretend(假裝)，promise(承諾)，refuse(拒絕)，want(想要)，wish(想做)等。在復(fù)合實(shí)語中，這時(shí)可以把不定式放在賓補(bǔ)后面，而用形式賓語it代替它Ifindit

easy

tolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要把英語學(xué)好很容易。(3)作表語不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí)，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句，不定式說明主語的內(nèi)容。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.句動(dòng)名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語常跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：advise（建議）allow（允許）ask（要求）beg（懇求）cause（引起）encourage（鼓勵(lì)）expect（期待）forbid（禁止）force（強(qiáng)迫）intend（打算）invite（邀請(qǐng)）order（命令）persuade（說服）prefer（偏愛）require,（要求）teach（教）warn（警告）等。另外，常跟不帶to

的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：have,make,let,feel，see,observe.lookat，listento,notice,watch，hear,discover等但是，這些動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)形式下，需要帶toThispieceofmusicwasmadetocheeryouup.這段音樂被用來讓你興奮起來。Theteacherencouragedustowriteanarticleeveryweek.老師鼓勵(lì)我們每周寫一篇文章。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.你不允許在這里吸煙。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.醫(yī)生告誡他不要吃太多的肉。(5)作定語①不定式和它所修飾的詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthewinterholiday．我想找點(diǎn)東西在寒假讀讀。②被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語Thenextpersontospeakwasaforeigner.下一個(gè)要發(fā)言的人是個(gè)外國(guó)人。如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，作定語時(shí)其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞apentowrite

with用來寫字的鋼筆修飾的名詞是time，place，way時(shí)，其后習(xí)慣上常省略介詞Wearelookingforaplacetolie(in).我們?cè)谡夷芴上碌牡胤健?6)作狀語不定式作狀語主要表示原因、目的、結(jié)果等。(1)不定式作原因狀語不定式作原因狀語，一般修飾表示心理活動(dòng)或情緒的詞，說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.看到他滑稽的動(dòng)作，她大笑起來。Heshudderedtothinkofhisbitterpast.想起辛酸的過往，他就不寒而栗。(2)不定式作目的狀語不定式可以位于句首或句作日的業(yè)五方時(shí)為了室出和強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可在不定式前加上inorder或soas。Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.要想很家易地交朋友，你需要很友善。Theseworkerskeptquietabouttheaccident,soasnottolosetheirjob.為了不至于丟掉工作，這些工人對(duì)事故閉口不談。（3）不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語，多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面加only，以加強(qiáng)語氣，還常用在too..todo，enough...todo,so...astodo等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Shereturnedonlytofindthatnoonewasathome.她回到家，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)家里一個(gè)人也沒有。Thechildisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.這個(gè)孩子夠大了，可以照顧自己。(4)不定式作評(píng)論性狀語不定式作評(píng)論性狀語放在句子之外，修飾整個(gè)句子，用來表明說話者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。常見的有：totellthetruth(說實(shí)話)，tobehonest(說實(shí)話).tobeexact(確切地說)，tobefrank(坦白說),tobeginwith(首先)，tobesure(真的)等Tobehonest,Idon'tlikewesternfood.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡西餐Tobefrank,youneedtoloseweight.坦白地說，你需要減肥【真題演練】1．（2022年全國(guó)甲卷）Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.2．(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Accommodationsaim___________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.3．(2022.6全國(guó)乙卷語法填空)________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.4．(2021年北京卷)Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed________(invest)indisasterprevention.5．(2020年北京卷)Ittakesthemhundredsofyears_____________(break)down.6．(2020年浙江卷1月)Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected____________(increase)to42by2050.7．—Itisfun______(attend)theMid-autumnDayparty.—Iagree,andI’mtovisitthere.8．Herjobis______(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossibleuntiltheendofthefestival.9．Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecided________(give)themround-the-clockcareathome.10．Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereable________(select)therighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.11．________(perform)thesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.12．Itwasbuiltoriginally________(protect)thecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.13．Themanagercan’tleavethehotelwithsomanyproblems________(settle).14．Myteacheradvisedme___________(take)partinswimmingclub.15．Withthedeadlinedrawingnear,heisanxious________(complete)histaskassoonaspossible.16．Itisanhonourforme_________(invite)togivealecturehere.17．Thehotelmakeseveryeffort______(make)theguestsfeelathome.18．_________(make)ourschoollifemorecolorful,wewillorganizeavarietyofextra-curricularactivities.19．_______(create)thefilm,GreenpeaceUKteamedupwithAardmanAnimations,aswellasOscar-winningactorsandstars.20．________(attract)customers,thesebusinessesbeganintroducingnewflavorstoLubyaddingspices.21．Ihavealotofreading________（complete）beforetheendofthisterm.22．Acommitteewasappointed_________(consider)theplans.23．Heregrettedthelostopportunity________（apologize）toher.24．Somepeopletend________（lose）tempersoeasilythatevenalittletroublecanmakethemflyoffthehandle.25．Trainingwillenableyou________(find)ajob.26．Sixmovieshavebeenselected________(take)partinthefilmfestival.27．AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’snotdifficult________(make)yourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.28．Areyouavailable________(talk)withmethisafternoon?29．Hewasdisappointed________(see)thatshewasn'tattheparty.30．Howcanwepersuadethem________(join)us?31．Hisnobleexampleinspiredus________(make)greaterefforts.32．I’mtootired____________(go)anyfurther.33．Hewasscared_____________(go)homewhenhedidwrong.34．Try________(keep)abalancebetweenworkandplay,sohaveagoodrestonceyouareavailable.35．Whenitcomestowork-leisureconflicts,everyonemusttrytofindaway________(avoid)them.36．Thecompetitionissaid________（attract）over2,000athletesrepresenting20differentcountries.37．Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething________(eat).38．Theultimategoaloftheplayeris________（become）thechampion.39．Thegirlsseem________(skip)ontheplaygroundnow.Theyaretrainingforthematch.40．Whatshedidtothematterwas_________(keep)silent.41．It’sconvenientforus________(use)theInternettosearchforinformation.42．Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture________(give)byProfessorLinextw