北師大版高中英語(yǔ)必修四 Unit10 Money-語(yǔ)法篇(學(xué)生版)

第第#頁(yè)Unit10Money語(yǔ)法篇1、不定代詞。2、不定式。一，不定代詞some/any/nosome,any作“一些，某個(gè)”講，表示不確定的或未知的數(shù)量數(shù)目，可用在可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。some通常用于肯定陳述句中，any用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。例:Shepickedsomeflowersfromthegarden.Doyouhaveanymoneywithyou?some可用在表示邀請(qǐng)或請(qǐng)求的句子中，表示希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答。例：MayIaskyousomequestions?any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一個(gè)）的”。例：Youmaycomeatanytime.no=nota/notany,作定語(yǔ)，后跟可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。例：Ihavenochoice.Alotof/lotsof/plentyof/many/muchalotof,lotsof,plentyof意為“許多，大量的”，可用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞前。例：Alotofpeoplesaythattheylivefornopurpose.Youneedtowearlotsofwarmclothes.Thereisplentyoftime.many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，much后跟不可數(shù)名詞。例：HespeakssomeChinese,butnotmuch.Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?all/none;both/neither;eitherall指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物，both指兩個(gè)人或物，在句中都可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例：Weareallstudents.Allofusshouldworkhard.both和all都可直接修飾名詞。名詞前有限定詞時(shí)，其前只能用bothof或allof。例：Bothofbrothersareclever.neither意為（（兩者）都不”none意為“沒(méi)有人，一個(gè)也沒(méi)有”either表示“兩者之一”或（（兩者中的）任何一個(gè)”，用于單數(shù)名詞，of+賓格人稱(chēng)代詞或帶限定詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例：Neitherofusisadoctor.Noneofthebooksarehelpful.Herearetwobrushes.Useeither.Another/other/theother/theothersanother表示三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)，意思是“再一，又一”一般接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。例：Lucy,wouldyoulikeanothercake?other泛指“其他的，另外的”可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式others表示“另一些”相當(dāng)于other+名詞。例：Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Somearecarryingwater,othersarewateringthetree.theother指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”常與one連用，構(gòu)成one...theother...結(jié)構(gòu)；theothers特制一定范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人或物”。例：Mr.andMrs.Shutehavetwochildren.Oneisadaughter,andtheotherisason.Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue.二，不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”其中to是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的符號(hào)。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可和后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)；不定式具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)。不定式作主語(yǔ)：不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示特指的一次性動(dòng)作。Tosayisonething;todoisanother.為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)一動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子的后部。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.不定式作賓語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等動(dòng)詞后需接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagebridge.decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等動(dòng)詞后常接“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ)。Thedriverwonderedhowtostartthecarinsuchacoldmorning.不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Mywishistojointhearmyaftergraduation.如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，表示條件，表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用不定式，表示結(jié)果。Toseeistobelieve.如果主語(yǔ)的中心詞是aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,wish等，或是以wish引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)對(duì)其作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Hisjobistofeedanimals.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：①英語(yǔ)中advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,order,permit,persuade,require,teach,tell,want,wish,warn等動(dòng)詞后常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，且不定式符號(hào)to不能省略。Sheaskedmetoaccompanyhertotheairport.不定式在動(dòng)詞let,make,feel,hear,see,observe等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to需省略。Theaccidentmadeusrealizethatsafetycan'tbeignored.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to可省略也可不省略。Afterthedinnerhehelpedhismother(to)washupthedishes.不定式作定語(yǔ)：不定式作定語(yǔ)，一般都是作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。主謂關(guān)系，被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Weneedsomepeopletohelppickapples.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，被修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。Ihavemanythingstodo.同位關(guān)系，不定式是對(duì)其所修飾的名詞作解釋說(shuō)明。We'vemadeaplantospendtheweekend.不定式作狀語(yǔ)：不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可表示動(dòng)作的目的，結(jié)果，原因，條件和方式。todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的，但todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而soastodo只能放在句末。Ilefthomeatsevensoasto/inordertobethereontime.表結(jié)果，不定式在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，不定時(shí)的動(dòng)作一般在句子末尾。⑴表示終結(jié)性的動(dòng)詞find,see,hear,learn,discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，并且不定式前常有never,only等副詞修飾。HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.⑵在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo"中。Thesceneryissobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.⑶在“adj./adv.+enough+todo"中。HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.⑷在“too+adj./adv.(forsb.)+tode”'中。It'stoomuchformetoabsorballatonce.③表原因，不定式常在形容詞afraid,glad,pleased,sad,worried,sorrow,surprised,excited等后面說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的某種心情，情感所產(chǎn)生的原因。Theyareverygladtosetfootontheirhomeland.例1.Theydon'tcometothebookclubanymore,forreasonsforothers.somealleitherboth例2.Neithersideispreparedtotalktounlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.otherstheotheranotheroneother例3.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsindailyconversation.usingtousehavingusedused例4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Sometimesseemswrongwithit.togotohavegonegoinghavinggone例5.（2019北京豐臺(tái)高三一模）TheroadnextweekleadstoHighway62.buildingtobuildtobebuiltbuilt基礎(chǔ)演練一，用some或any填空。—Whenshallwegotolookattheapartment?—Makeitdayyoulike;it'sallthesametome.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn'tanswerofthem.—What'sthat?Itsmellsgreat!—It'smilktea.Wouldyoulike?Shegaveofthemeattothecat.Wedidthejobwithoutdifficulty.Dropinonmeattime.Ifhehadreadofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.鞏固提高一，單項(xiàng)選擇。Hedoesn'thavefurnitureinhisroom一justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.muchThetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandsharewitheachother.A.littleB.muchC.someD.noneIt'saneither-orsituation一wecananewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan'tdoA.othersB.eitherC.eachD.bothI'velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon'tlikeofthemverymuch.A.eitherB.anyC.eachD.another—John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayofFriday?—.I'llbeofftoLondonthen.A.eitherB.NeitherC.BothD.NoneLarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.A.eitherB.anyC.neitherD.noneYouareateamstar!Workingwithisreallyyourcupoftea.A.bothB.eitherC.othersD.theotherIfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn'tfacedaylikethat.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others一，單項(xiàng)選擇。It'simportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdatedMaryhastroubleinspeaking,whichmakesitdifficultherthoughtsandfeelings.A.expressB.expressingC.expressedD.toexpressHetoldmethathisaimwasajobaroundheretosupporthimselfwhilehestudiedintheuniversitythesedays.A.togetB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglostPassengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhardluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarriedWithsomanyproblems,Jacklookslikeacatonahottinroof.A.solvedB.tosolveC.solvingD.tobesolvedWithsomanythings,Ihavetoworklateintothenight.

A.todealwithB.dealtwithC.dealingwithD.beingdealtwithA.todealwithB.dealtwithC.dealingwithD.beingdealtwithTheabilityanideaisasimportantastheidesitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressedWiththeworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealingBird'ssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirdsaway.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stayTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatchedTomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound（2019北京大興高三一模）Thetopicattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportanttoallofus,soeveryoneshouldbehereontome.A.discussingB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.discuss（2019北京西城高三第一學(xué)期期末）thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.A.MeetB.TomeetC.MetD.Meeting（2019北京豐臺(tái)高三第一學(xué)期期末）Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehillswaterandsoilloss.A.todecreaseB.decreasingC.decreasedD.decrease（2019北京石景山高三第一學(xué)期期末）Scotlandvotedagainstindependence;morethanhalfofthepeoplechosepartoftheUnitedKingdom.A.remainingB.remainedC.tohaveremainedD.toremain一，完形填空。IsetupaclassroomlibraryofbooksthatIbought1myownmoney.Thelibrarylooksbeautiful,likea2.Andmystudents3itverymuch.Ireadthechildrenastory.Itisaboutagirlwhois4poorthatshewearsthe5dresstoschooleveryday.Butshesaysshehasahundreddress6.Theothergirlslaughatheruntilshegoesaway.7_,herclassmatesdiscovershereallyhasahundreddresses一ahundredbeautifuldrawingsofdresses.Oh,God,everychild8whenIclosethebook.9amomenteverythingisquiet.Thenaboy10inmyear,“Ihavetotelltheclasssomething."Heshowsmethathehashalfafinger11.Iturnhimtowardstheclassandputmy12onhisshoulder.Heisabit13.“I...Ionlyhavenineandahalffingers."He14hishands.“Pleasedon'tlaughatmeaboutit."Thestudentsbecome

15_.Thenoneboycallsout,“16whomakes17ofyou,I'llkickthem."Me,too，”says18Whentheboysees