閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解PPT

閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解課件（優(yōu)選）閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解課件考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題

1.閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解不同題材和體裁的書(shū)面材料以及從中獲取信息的能力。2.要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料,例如公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)紙、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話(huà)題簡(jiǎn)短文段。3.考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中具體信息;根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義;做出判斷和推理;理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。設(shè)問(wèn)方式考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題

其中，細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考查的重點(diǎn)題型之一，其分值所占比例高達(dá)50%，所以如何拿下這“半壁江山”顯得尤為重要。細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解，一般對(duì)文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力。設(shè)問(wèn)方式考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題4年26考設(shè)問(wèn)方式考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題4年5考設(shè)問(wèn)方式考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)問(wèn)方式全國(guó)卷設(shè)問(wèn)形式(1)Where

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(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)(2)Why

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Muttontown?

(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)(3)Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced？(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)(4)Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence？(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)(5)WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley？(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)題型全突破·全國(guó)I卷閱讀理解AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson(1907－1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama，RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.√1．Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A．JaneAddams.B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO’Connor. D．RosaParks.1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在“RosaParks”一欄中；根據(jù)本段中的“HersimpleactlandedParksinprison...andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知，它導(dǎo)致了蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運(yùn)動(dòng)，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)了一年多，開(kāi)始了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選D項(xiàng)，是RosaParks對(duì)的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。1.直接信息題——題干定位法細(xì)節(jié)的直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作解釋或判斷，只要求他們從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。技法點(diǎn)撥題干定位法認(rèn)真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞明確答題方向。運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀技巧迅速找到文中與問(wèn)題的相關(guān)信息。仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)，與原文信息對(duì)應(yīng)，鎖定正確選項(xiàng)。[名師點(diǎn)津]此類(lèi)題目適合尋讀法，帶著問(wèn)題找句子，即先看問(wèn)題，記住關(guān)鍵詞，如人物、時(shí)間、事件、地點(diǎn)等，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀文章，快速定位有效信息，有的放矢。2．WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills.C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.√無(wú)中生有偷換概念部分正確偷換概念()2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。B項(xiàng)中的“herteachingskills”和文中提到的“promotingeducation”都與“教育”相關(guān)，但文中未提及herteachingskills(她的教學(xué)技能)，只是談到了promotingeducation(促進(jìn)教育)，屬于“無(wú)中生有”和“偷換概念”；根據(jù)文中對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的理解，JaneAddams獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)，但她不是因努力去獲獎(jiǎng)而出名的，而且她也并非為了獲獎(jiǎng)才付出努力，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)中的“community”在文中多次出現(xiàn)，但“communitybackground”是對(duì)“asenseofcommunity”的“偷換概念”，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3．WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.√

SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.顛倒是非無(wú)中生有2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SandraDayO'Connor下的第一句WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool...可知，她在斯坦福大學(xué)法學(xué)院受過(guò)教育，并非缺少正規(guī)的法律培訓(xùn)，顛倒是非，故A錯(cuò)；文中未提及她在法庭上工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)少，無(wú)中生有，故B錯(cuò)；根據(jù)...shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.可知，她沒(méi)能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作，是因?yàn)樗且幻?，這與C項(xiàng)“對(duì)于女性的歧視”相符，故選C項(xiàng)；文中未提及她的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，無(wú)中生有，故D錯(cuò)。2.間接信息題——“斷章取義”法間接辨認(rèn)不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息用同義或近義的語(yǔ)言形式復(fù)述出來(lái)?！皵嗾氯×x”法閱讀題干，有針對(duì)性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關(guān)詞句等信息。仔細(xì)比較選項(xiàng)和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案。準(zhǔn)確理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，尋找與原文信息相關(guān)的同義詞、近義詞或反義詞。技法點(diǎn)撥天津紅橋八校聯(lián)考TheGunpowderPlotwasaconspiracy(陰謀)tokillKingJamesⅠ，aswellasthemembersoftheHouseofLordsandCommonsatthere-openingofParliament.ItwasdesignedbyagroupofCatholicsinprotestagainsttheanti-Catholiclawsthatwerebeingintroducedbytheking.RobertCatesbywastheleaderofthegroup.Itwasheandhiscousin，ThomasWintour，andtwootherfriends，ThomasPercyandJohnWright，whoformedthecenterofthegroup.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；amongthemwasGuyFawkes，fromthecityofYorkinthenorthofEngland.

FawkesfoundastoreroomdirectlyundertheHouseofLordsandrenteditoutunderthefalsenameofJohnJohnson.Theconspiratorsstoredthirty-sixbarrelsofgunpowderthere，andFawkes，whowasanexplosivesexpert，wastolightthefuses(引信)on5thNovember1605.Theplotfailedbecauseoneoftheconspirators，F(xiàn)rancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.TheletterwarnedhimnottoattendtheopeningceremonyofParliament.Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities，whotookaction.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.Hewasimprisonedandill-treated，eventuallygivingawaythenamesoftheconspirators.

SoldiersofthekingsurroundedHolbeachHouse，intheMidlands，wheretheyknewtheconspiratorstobehiding.Inthefightthatfollowed，fourofthemwereshotdead，includingCatesbyandPercy，whowereactuallykilledbythesamebullet.TheotherswereimprisonedandhangedalongwithGuyFawkeson31stJanuary1606.Thesedays，on5thNovember，childrenalloverBritaincelebrateGuyFawkesNightbybuildinghugebonfiresandlightingfireworks.It’safamilytraditionandanoccasiontoeatpotatoesbakedbytheflames.Thereisalwaysa“guy”ontopofthefire，amodelofGuyFawkes，dressedintheclothesofthe17thcentury.1．FrancisTreshamwrotethelettertohisrelativeto___.A．warnhimofthedangerofbeingkilledB．revealthenamesoftheconspiratorsC．protecttheHouseofLordsD．reporttheplottotheauthorities語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述的是英國(guó)上著名的火藥陰謀，并詳細(xì)介紹這一事件的前因后果。FrancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.TheletterwarnedhimnottoattendtheopeningceremonyofParliament.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？芍現(xiàn)rancisTresham寫(xiě)信給親戚是警告對(duì)方不要去參加開(kāi)幕式，因?yàn)橛袉拭奈ｋU(xiǎn)。故A正確。√偷換概念張冠李戴2．WhatcanwelearnaboutRobertCatesby?A．Hewrotealettertohisrelativeintheauthorities.B．Hewasimprisonedandhanged.C．Hewasresponsibleforlightingthefuses.D．Hewasshotdeadinthefight.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Inthefightthatfollowed，fourofthemwereshotdead，includingCatesbyandPercy，whowereactuallykilledbythesamebullet.”可知，RobertCatesby是在戰(zhàn)斗中被射死的。故D項(xiàng)正確?！掏祿Q概念張冠李戴3．Accordingtothepassage，thetotalnumberofpeopleinvolvedintheplotis______.A．40 B．4C．36 D．13解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Itwasheandhiscousin，ThomasWintour，andtwootherfriends，ThomasPercyandJohnWright，whoformedthecenterofthegroup.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；amongthemwasGuyFawkes，fromthecityofYorkinthenorthofEngland.”可知，RobertCatesby，ThomasWintour，ThomasPercy，JohnWright再加上另外9個(gè)人，所以一共是13人。故D正確。√3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題——查讀分析法此類(lèi)試題在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，但要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能得出正確答案。具體可以是對(duì)年代、月份、費(fèi)用等計(jì)算。此類(lèi)題目宜采用“查讀分析法”，即先閱讀題干，然后對(duì)文中相關(guān)的數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等作出標(biāo)記，按照一定的規(guī)律分門(mén)別類(lèi)地列出相關(guān)數(shù)字，然后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。技法點(diǎn)撥4．Whatistherightorderoftheeventdescribedinthepassage?a．Acellar(地窖)wasfound.b．Fourconspiratorswereshot.c．Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities.d．Therestoftheconspiratorswerehanged.e．Somegunpowderwasprepared.f．Theauthoritiestookaction.A．c→a→e→f→b→d B．e→a→c→f→b→fC．a(chǎn)→e→c→f→b→d D．c→f→a→e→b→d解析事件排序題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“FawkesfoundastoreroomdirectlyundertheHouseofLords”可知首先他們找到了一個(gè)地窖；根據(jù)第二句“Theconspiratorsstoredthirty-sixbarrelsofgunpowderthere”可知他們準(zhǔn)備了炸藥。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Theletterwaspassedontotheauthorities，whotookaction.”可知信件被當(dāng)局知道了，并采取了行動(dòng)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知四人被射殺，其余人被絞死。故C項(xiàng)順序正確?！蘟ecfbd(3)Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced？(年課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thensheheardascream.FrancisTresham，sentalettertohisrelative，whowasamemberoftheHouseofLords.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.D．Hercommunitybackground.“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”Thenherfather.Theywerejoinedbyninemoremen；4．What’sthedirectreasonwhyHonLikinventedtheelectronicAnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.間接辨認(rèn)不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息用同義或近義的語(yǔ)言形式復(fù)述出來(lái)。D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.其中，細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考查的重點(diǎn)題型之一，其分值所占比例高達(dá)50%，所以如何拿下這“半壁江山”顯得尤為重要。B．2003.把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。B．Hewasimprisonedandhanged.B．RachelCarson.4.排序題——首尾排除法這種試題要求考生根據(jù)事情發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件的正確順序。做此類(lèi)試題時(shí)可采用“首尾排除法”，即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情，使用排除法迅速縮小范圍，從而快速選出正確選項(xiàng)；也可使用“代入淘汰法”按順序逐一排除，得出正確選項(xiàng)。技法點(diǎn)撥A.選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1.干擾選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)(1)將原文內(nèi)容擴(kuò)大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項(xiàng)看似正確。(2)把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話(huà)的時(shí)態(tài)，如把將來(lái)時(shí)變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)，把未發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。(3)無(wú)中生有。即選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測(cè)得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。(4)偷換概念。把原來(lái)做該事的“張三”換成“李四”。(5)文不對(duì)題。(6)符合常識(shí),但不是文章內(nèi)容。(7)部分正確,部分錯(cuò)誤。歸納總結(jié)A.選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)2.正確選項(xiàng)特征(1)同義替換，對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞替換。(2)詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。(3)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，成為正確答案。(4)正話(huà)反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。歸納總結(jié)題干原文選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞問(wèn)什么直接信息間接信息語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換正確選項(xiàng)查讀對(duì)應(yīng)加工整理WhatwasSuedoingwhenshewasattackedbythedeer?A．Shewasdrivinghome.B．Shewasrestingontheroad.C．Shewastakingexercise.D．Shewasfeedingwildanimals.

Sue，a44-year-oldmother，hadbeenoutforhermorningrun.Thedeerfollowedherandedgedcloser.“IknewIwasintrouble，”Suesays.Shewenttopickupastickforself-defense，andthedeercharged.Itliftedherwithitsantlersandthrewherintotheair.Suecouldfeelbloodflewdownherleg.Withinseconds，thedeerhadpushedherofftheroad.√無(wú)中生有2．WhatdidAlexisdotosaveSue?A．Shepushedthedeeraway.B．Shehitthedeerwithherfeet.C．Shedrovethecartohitthedeer.D．Shebeatthedeerwithahammer.Alexislookedintothewoman’sterrifiedeyes，andbeforeherfatherhadevenstoppedthecar，theteenagerjumpedquicklyoutofthecarandrantowardthedeer.“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”shesays.Thenherfather，whohadfollowedhisdaughter，pushedthedeerawayfromthewoman.√偷換概念張冠李戴文不對(duì)題部分正確What'srightorderoftheeventdescribedinthepassage?a.Alexissawadeer.b.TheysavedSueandsenthertoahospital.c.Alexis’sfatherdrovehertoseethewildlife.d.Suewasattackedbyadeer.A.cdabB.cabdC.cadbD.acdbAlexis,17，satquietlyinthepassengerseatofherdad'scar.....“Dad，there’sadeerthere！”Alexissaid.Thensheheardascream...Alexisrealizedthedeerwasattackingawoman.Sue，a44-year-oldmother，......“Iwaskickingittogetitsattention，”Thenherfather...pushedthedeerawayfromthewoman....thenappliedapieceofclothtoSue’sinjuredleg.“We’regoingtogetyoutoahospital...√

語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了發(fā)明電子煙的前因后果4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In2003，Chinesepharmacist，HonLikinventedtheelectroniccigaretteasasaferandcleanerwaytobreatheinnicotineafterhisfather，aheavysmoker，passedawayfromlungcancerattributedtosmokingtobaccocigarettes.”可知，在他的父親由于吸煙得肺癌去世之后，HonLik發(fā)明了電子煙。故選D。4．What’sthedirectreasonwhyHonLikinventedtheelectroniccigaretteaccordingtothepassage?A．Tobaccocigarettescausedhealthproblems.B．Tobaccocigarettesweretooexpensiveforcustomerstobuy.C．Quittingsmokingbecameoneofthehardestthingstodo.D．Hisfatherdiedfromlungcancerduetosmokingtobaccocigarettes.√①HonLikappliedforhisfirstpatentontheelectroniccigarette.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.C．2004.GuyFawkeswasfoundinthecellaronthenightof4thNovemberwiththethirty-sixbarrelsandanumberoffuses.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．The