Unit2詞匯講解-2024年高考英語一輪復習夯實基礎（北師大版2019）

2024年高考英語一輪復習夯實基礎(北師大版2019)

必修BooklUnit2詞匯講解1.prefer”.更喜歡［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?全國乙卷滿分作文)Halfofthestudentssurveyedprefertolearn(learn)EnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.②(2022?全國乙卷滿分作文)Moststudents,thatistosay65%,haveapreference(prefer)forEnglishsongs,withhalfofthestudentskeenonwatchingEnglishmovies.［后教］(1)prefertodosth. 更喜歡做某事prefersth.tosth. 相比某物更喜歡某物preferdoingsth.todoingsth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事(2)prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.］寧愿做某woulddosth.ratherthandosth.；事而不愿wouldratherdosth.thandosth.J做某事(2)(3)preferencen.(3)preferencen.偏愛；優(yōu)先權；偏愛的事物haveapreferencefor 偏愛；特別喜愛［佳句背誦］ThereasonwhyIprefertheclassicalmusicisthatitalwaysremindsmeofthesplendidtraditionalChineseculture.我更喜歡古典音樂的原因是它總是讓我想起燦爛的中國傳統(tǒng)文化。［名師點津］prefer不用于進行時；不可與比較級連用。peoplearoundtheworldwerewatchingher.②(2022?全國甲卷)Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing(amaze).［后教］(l)beamazedat...對(l)beamazedat...對 感到驚訝beamazedtodosth.吃驚地做某事beamazedtodosth.吃驚地做某事amazementn.驚奇(2)inamazementamazementn.驚奇(2)inamazement驚奇地toone'samazement令某人驚奇的是toone'samazement令某人驚奇的是使驚訝(3)amazevt.使驚訝amazesb.使某人吃驚amazesb.(4)amazing如/.令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的［佳句背誦］Itisreallyamazingthatweshouldhavesomuchincommon.HowIwishIcouldhavemoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithyou!我們竟然有這么多共同點，真是太神奇了。我多么希望能有更多的機會和你交流!（2022?浙江卷1月滿分作文）［名師點津］表示“驚奇”的詞語，程度由強到弱依次為：shock-astonish-amazefsurpriseoingood/badshape健康狀況良好/不佳［先做］——補全句子①Hekeepstoomanythingsinhispockets,sohissuitlooksbadlyoutofshape（變形）.（2）Afterthesurgery,myfellowclassmatewasgraduallyiegoodshape（逐漸地健康了）.③Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstokeepinshape(保持體形).shape(保持體形).［后教］(l)intheshapeof...outofshapekeepinshape(2)shapesth.beshapedlike以……形狀健康狀況不好；變形保持體形影響/決定某物形狀像［佳句背誦］Thehouseisunusualforitsroofintheshapeofstairs這座房子的獨特之處在于階梯形的屋頂。tryoutfor參加選拔；爭取成為(團隊的一員)［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thesalesgirlwaspatientandaskedmetotryonasmallercoat.②Itriedtopersuade(persuade)himtogiveuptheplan,butinvain.③Conceptcarsareawayfordesignerstotrytheirideasonthepublicwithcompletefreedom.在try后力口out［后教］tryout 試驗；測試；試用(某人)tryforsth. 試圖獲得；爭取tryon 試穿trytodo... 努力/試圖做嘗試做trydoing...嘗試做［佳句背誦］IknewfromtheInternetthatyouwantsomestudentstoserveasspokesmenfortheanimalstheylike.Iwouldliketotryoutfortheactivity.我從網上得知你們想招募一些學生作他們喜歡的動物的代言人，我愿意報名參加。背誦點書面表達之申請信payoff成功；有回報；奏效；達到目的；還清；解雇［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯①（2022?全國乙卷）Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?②Borrowingmoneyfromfriendswouldn'taffectyourrelationships,ifyouremembertopayoffassoonaspossible,offfback［后教］付錢（買）；付錢（買）；支付還錢；償還；報復參觀；拜訪注意；留心paybackpayavisittopayattentionto［佳句背誦］Isuggestyoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourhandwriting,whichcanhelpyouimproveyourgrades.我建議你多注意書寫，這會幫助你提高成績。背誦點書面表達之建議信16.takeadvantageof利用［先做］——補全句子①（2021?全國乙卷滿分作文）However,onlinelearninghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages（有利也有弊）.②OnceyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,youwillhaveanadvantageoverothers（比其他人有優(yōu)勢）whenyouhuntforajob.［后教］（l）advantagesanddisadvantages 利與弊haveanadvantageover 勝過，優(yōu)于（2）makeuseof 利用makethemostof 充分利用［佳句背誦］Takingadvantageoffreetimetorideabikeisofgreatbenefittoourhealthaswellastheenvironment.利用空閑時間騎自行車對我們的健康和環(huán)境都有很大的好處。背誦點書面表達之環(huán)境保護單元重點句型.狀語從句的省略（教材原句）Anddon'tdrinktoomuchwhilerunning,orit'llmakeyoufeelsick.在跑步期間不要喝太多水，否則你會感到不舒服。洗做］——單句語法填空?Whilekept（keep）withinitsduebounds,itisbothbeautifulanduseful.②（2021?全國甲卷）Inmyopinion,when/wheneverintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.［后教］狀語從句省略的條件：(1)狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或是代詞it;(2)狀語從句謂語中含有be動詞。［佳句背誦］Althoughyoung,shewascalmandconfidentonthestage.雖然很年輕，但她在舞臺上冷靜自信。［名師點津］對狀語從句的省略的考查主要是判斷連詞后面用哪種非謂語形式，做題時關鍵是要弄清楚省略結構中的動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關系：主謂關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓關系用過去分詞。with復合結構(教材原句)EstebanhadbeencyclingashardashecouldforhoursandwiththeHnishinglineinsightallthecyclistsbegantospeeduptocrossit.埃斯特班已經盡最大努力騎了好幾個小時，終點線就在眼前，所有的自行車運動員開始加速通過終點。［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯①Withsomuchworktodo(do),IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.②Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaging,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.damagingfdamaged［后教］with復合結構在句中作狀語和定語，其結構為：(1)with+賓語+介詞短語/形容詞/副詞;(2)with+賓語+doing,表示主動或進行；(3)with+賓語+done,表示被動或完成；(4)with+賓語+todo,表示將來的動作。［佳句背誦］(l)Withallthepreparationsmade,hejumpedwithjoy,hiseyesglitteringwithexcitement.完成了所有的準備工作，他高興地跳了起來，眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒。(2)Withtearsofjoyinhereyes,shewitnessedherdaughter'swedding.她熱淚盈眶地見證了女兒的婚禮。while表示對比(教材原句)NavarrohadletEstebanfinishinthirdplace,whilehecamefourth.納瓦羅讓埃斯特班獲得了第三名，而他獲得了第四名。［先做］——寫出下列句中while的含義①(2022?全國甲卷)WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat.雖然；盡管②(2022?全國乙卷滿分作文)ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.然而，可是③(2022?d匕京卷)OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.當?shù)臅r】矣［后教］(1)作并列連詞時，意為“然而”，表示前后分句的對比；(2)引導時間狀語從句時，意為“當……的時候、在……時”，狀語從句的省略形式為whiledoing/done,意為“當做/被時“；(3)引導讓步狀語從句(從句常置于句首)時，表示轉折，意為“雖然、盡管“，不能與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。［佳句背誦］Manycountrypeoplearebeginningtoworkandliveinbigcities,whilemanycitypeoplearecomingtothecountrysideforaquietandpeacefullife.許多農村人開始到大城市里工作和生活，然而許多城里人卻正到農村去享受寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活。desiren.&”渴望［先做］—單句語法填空①YoungpeoplehaveastrongerdesireforabetterlifeandaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)begivee(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.［后教］Jtodosth.迫切想要做某事(l)haveastrongdesirei …”'［forsth.渴望得到某物(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 希望做某事［佳句背誦］KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell,Pdliketoofferyousomesuggestions.=KnowingyoudesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.得知你很想學好漢語，我想給你提供一些建議。背誦點 書面表達之建議信defence〃.防守隊員，后衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)，防御；辯護［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯①Itisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchildfrom/againstharmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifdefence.^defence前力口in［后教］保護；保衛(wèi)；（為……）辯護為某人辯護保護；保衛(wèi)；（為……）辯護為某人辯護保護；保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解保護……以免受為自己辯護；自衛(wèi)inone*sdefence(2)defendvt.defend...from/againstdefendoneself［佳句背誦］ThelawyersareallowedtodefendthemselvesincourtaccordingtoChineselaw.根據(jù)中國法律，律師被允許在法庭上為自己辯護。relieve”.減輕，緩解［先做］—單句語法填空①(2020?天5拿卷5月)一Youseemtobeinareallygoodmood.一Ifinishedmylasttesttoday.Whatarelief!NowI'mfree.②(2020?浙江卷7月)Thankgoodness!Wesucceededinclimbingontothehelicopter,gaspingwith/inrelief.③(2020?江蘇卷)Qualitycountslessthanattitudeandeffort—evenastupidjokecanrelieveothersofriskandembarrassment.［后教］(l)relievesb.of... 緩和/減輕某人的(2)reliefn.減輕，緩解；安慰；救濟toone*srelief令某人感到欣慰的是toone*sreliefwith/inrelief 欣慰地，寬慰地Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。(3)relievedadj.寬慰的；欣慰的［佳句背誦］Afterhisterrifyingadventure,Macfeltrelievedwhenhereachedhomesafetohislovingfamily.在經歷了可怕的冒險之后，麥克安全地回到了親愛的家人身邊，感到如釋重負。particular〃.尤其，特別特定的［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯①Tomisaveryopen-mindedman,andwon'tbeparticularaboutsmallthings.②IamparticulargoodatspokenEnglishandhaveadeepunderstandingofculturesofourcity,whichwillgreatlyhelpmedothejob.particulaLparticularly［后教］對……講究/挑剔特地做某事對……講究/挑剔特地做某事尤其；特別beparticulartodosth.(2)inparticular=particularly［佳句背誦］AsfarasIknow,thiskindoffoodisrichinnutrition,anditcontainsalotofmineralsinparticular.據(jù)我所知，這種食物營養(yǎng)豐富，特別是含有大量的礦物質。［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］表示“尤其；特別”的副詞還有specially、especially等。benefit〃?好處，益處。.（使）受益；得益于［先做］單句語法填空［先做］單句語法填空it.it.①Youcanalsogoovertheknowledgeatthesametimeandyouaresuretobenefitfrom②(譯林選必三U2)Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanprovidebenefits(benefit)tosocietiesontheEarthinmanyareasincludinghealth,energyandinformationtechnology.［后教］(l)forthebenefitof...為了 的利益(l)forthebenefitof...為了 的利益(2)benefitfrom/by...從……中受益；得益于(3)beneficialadj.(3)beneficialadj.有利的；有幫助的beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...對……非常有益（to為介詞）［佳句背誦］Regulationsplacedclearobligationsonthelandlordforthebenefitofthetenant.為了租戶的利益，條例給房東規(guī)定了明確的義務。［名師點津］benefitsb./sth.=beofbenefittosb./sth.=bebeneficialtosb./sth.對某人/某物有益；有益于某人/某物equipment〃.設備，裝備［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯①Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.②Thecompanyhasboughtalotofnewequipmentssincethenewmanagercametopower.equipmentsfequipmentpower.equipmentsfequipment［后教］(l)apieceofequipment(2)equipv.equip...with...beequippedwith...equipsb.forsth./todosth.一件設備裝備；配備用……來裝備……配有……使某人為（做）某事而準備；使某人具備（做）某事的條件［佳句背誦］Inmyview,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.在我看來，教育就是學習，你學得越多，你就越能適應生活。背誦點書面表達之建議信背誦點prevent”.預防；阻止，阻擋［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?新高考全國卷I)TheelderlyresidentsincarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling(feel)lonely.②(2020?天津卷7月)Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsocietyfalling(fall)victimtocheaters.［后教］(l)prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.=keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事(2)preventionn.預防，防止［佳句背誦］Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為避免軟組織損傷，你要確保鍛煉時穿合適的衣服，戴合適的裝備。（譯林光修二U2）［名師點津］prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth,用于被動語態(tài)時，其中的from均不可省略。amount〃?數(shù)量；總額q等于；合計；發(fā)展成為［先做］單句語法填空/單句改錯［先做］單句語法填空/單句改錯①Theamountofmoneyinhisbankaccountwas(be)sohugethattheauthorgotoverjoyed.②(2021?浙江卷6月)Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn'tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.③Hugeamountsofinformationhaveupdatedinthepastminutes.在updated前力口been［后教］(l)theamountof...的數(shù)量(l)theamountof...的數(shù)量alarge/smallamountof+〃.[U]+o.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof+〃.[U]+o.(復數(shù))(2)amountto共計，總計；等于，相當于[佳句背誦]Theamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear,whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.青少年吃垃圾食品的數(shù)量逐年上漲，這逐漸損害了他們的健康。［名師點津］只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞匯及短語還有agreatdealof>much等。satisfaction〃.滿足，滿意；令人滿意的事［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?浙江卷1月)Finally,myhardworkpaidoff—wewereawardedanA,whichgavemegreatsatisfaction(satisfy).②Tomysatisfaction,Igotasatisfying/satisfactoryresultoftheexam,whichmademymotherquitesatisfied,(satisfy)③(2020?天津卷7月)1thinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfy(satisfy)herself.［后教］(l)withsatisfactiontoone*ssatisfaction(2)satisfyvt.satisfyone*sneeds/demands(3)satisfiedadj.besatisfiedwith...(4)satisfyingadj.satisfactoryadj.滿意地令某人滿意的是使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足滿足某人的需要