Unit2詞匯講解-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)（北師大版2019）

2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(北師大版2019)

必修BooklUnit2詞匯講解1.prefer”.更喜歡［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?全國(guó)乙卷滿分作文)Halfofthestudentssurveyedprefertolearn(learn)EnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.②(2022?全國(guó)乙卷滿分作文)Moststudents,thatistosay65%,haveapreference(prefer)forEnglishsongs,withhalfofthestudentskeenonwatchingEnglishmovies.［后教］(1)prefertodosth. 更喜歡做某事prefersth.tosth. 相比某物更喜歡某物preferdoingsth.todoingsth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事(2)prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.］寧愿做某woulddosth.ratherthandosth.；事而不愿wouldratherdosth.thandosth.J做某事(2)(3)preferencen.(3)preferencen.偏愛；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛的事物haveapreferencefor 偏愛；特別喜愛［佳句背誦］ThereasonwhyIprefertheclassicalmusicisthatitalwaysremindsmeofthesplendidtraditionalChineseculture.我更喜歡古典音樂的原因是它總是讓我想起燦爛的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。［名師點(diǎn)津］prefer不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)；不可與比較級(jí)連用。peoplearoundtheworldwerewatchingher.②(2022?全國(guó)甲卷)Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing(amaze).［后教］(l)beamazedat...對(duì)(l)beamazedat...對(duì) 感到驚訝beamazedtodosth.吃驚地做某事beamazedtodosth.吃驚地做某事amazementn.驚奇(2)inamazementamazementn.驚奇(2)inamazement驚奇地toone'samazement令某人驚奇的是toone'samazement令某人驚奇的是使驚訝(3)amazevt.使驚訝amazesb.使某人吃驚amazesb.(4)amazing如/.令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的［佳句背誦］Itisreallyamazingthatweshouldhavesomuchincommon.HowIwishIcouldhavemoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithyou!我們竟然有這么多共同點(diǎn)，真是太神奇了。我多么希望能有更多的機(jī)會(huì)和你交流!（2022?浙江卷1月滿分作文）［名師點(diǎn)津］表示“驚奇”的詞語，程度由強(qiáng)到弱依次為：shock-astonish-amazefsurpriseoingood/badshape健康狀況良好/不佳［先做］——補(bǔ)全句子①Hekeepstoomanythingsinhispockets,sohissuitlooksbadlyoutofshape（變形）.（2）Afterthesurgery,myfellowclassmatewasgraduallyiegoodshape（逐漸地健康了）.③Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstokeepinshape(保持體形).shape(保持體形).［后教］(l)intheshapeof...outofshapekeepinshape(2)shapesth.beshapedlike以……形狀健康狀況不好；變形保持體形影響/決定某物形狀像［佳句背誦］Thehouseisunusualforitsroofintheshapeofstairs這座房子的獨(dú)特之處在于階梯形的屋頂。tryoutfor參加選拔；爭(zhēng)取成為(團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員)［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Thesalesgirlwaspatientandaskedmetotryonasmallercoat.②Itriedtopersuade(persuade)himtogiveuptheplan,butinvain.③Conceptcarsareawayfordesignerstotrytheirideasonthepublicwithcompletefreedom.在try后力口out［后教］tryout 試驗(yàn)；測(cè)試；試用(某人)tryforsth. 試圖獲得；爭(zhēng)取tryon 試穿trytodo... 努力/試圖做嘗試做trydoing...嘗試做［佳句背誦］IknewfromtheInternetthatyouwantsomestudentstoserveasspokesmenfortheanimalstheylike.Iwouldliketotryoutfortheactivity.我從網(wǎng)上得知你們想招募一些學(xué)生作他們喜歡的動(dòng)物的代言人，我愿意報(bào)名參加。背誦點(diǎn)書面表達(dá)之申請(qǐng)信payoff成功；有回報(bào)；奏效；達(dá)到目的；還清；解雇［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①（2022?全國(guó)乙卷）Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?②Borrowingmoneyfromfriendswouldn'taffectyourrelationships,ifyouremembertopayoffassoonaspossible,offfback［后教］付錢（買）；付錢（買）；支付還錢；償還；報(bào)復(fù)參觀；拜訪注意；留心paybackpayavisittopayattentionto［佳句背誦］Isuggestyoushouldpaymoreattentiontoyourhandwriting,whichcanhelpyouimproveyourgrades.我建議你多注意書寫，這會(huì)幫助你提高成績(jī)。背誦點(diǎn)書面表達(dá)之建議信16.takeadvantageof利用［先做］——補(bǔ)全句子①（2021?全國(guó)乙卷滿分作文）However,onlinelearninghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages（有利也有弊）.②OnceyouhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,youwillhaveanadvantageoverothers（比其他人有優(yōu)勢(shì)）whenyouhuntforajob.［后教］（l）advantagesanddisadvantages 利與弊haveanadvantageover 勝過，優(yōu)于（2）makeuseof 利用makethemostof 充分利用［佳句背誦］Takingadvantageoffreetimetorideabikeisofgreatbenefittoourhealthaswellastheenvironment.利用空閑時(shí)間騎自行車對(duì)我們的健康和環(huán)境都有很大的好處。背誦點(diǎn)書面表達(dá)之環(huán)境保護(hù)單元重點(diǎn)句型.狀語從句的省略（教材原句）Anddon'tdrinktoomuchwhilerunning,orit'llmakeyoufeelsick.在跑步期間不要喝太多水，否則你會(huì)感到不舒服。洗做］——單句語法填空?Whilekept（keep）withinitsduebounds,itisbothbeautifulanduseful.②（2021?全國(guó)甲卷）Inmyopinion,when/wheneverintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmost.［后教］狀語從句省略的條件：(1)狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或是代詞it;(2)狀語從句謂語中含有be動(dòng)詞。［佳句背誦］Althoughyoung,shewascalmandconfidentonthestage.雖然很年輕，但她在舞臺(tái)上冷靜自信。［名師點(diǎn)津］對(duì)狀語從句的省略的考查主要是判斷連詞后面用哪種非謂語形式，做題時(shí)關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚省略結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用過去分詞。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(教材原句)EstebanhadbeencyclingashardashecouldforhoursandwiththeHnishinglineinsightallthecyclistsbegantospeeduptocrossit.埃斯特班已經(jīng)盡最大努力騎了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，終點(diǎn)線就在眼前，所有的自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)員開始加速通過終點(diǎn)。［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Withsomuchworktodo(do),IwassoanxiousthatIhadtroublesleeping.②Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaging,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.damagingfdamaged［后教］with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語和定語，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：(1)with+賓語+介詞短語/形容詞/副詞;(2)with+賓語+doing,表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；(3)with+賓語+done,表示被動(dòng)或完成；(4)with+賓語+todo,表示將來的動(dòng)作。［佳句背誦］(l)Withallthepreparationsmade,hejumpedwithjoy,hiseyesglitteringwithexcitement.完成了所有的準(zhǔn)備工作，他高興地跳了起來，眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒。(2)Withtearsofjoyinhereyes,shewitnessedherdaughter'swedding.她熱淚盈眶地見證了女兒的婚禮。while表示對(duì)比(教材原句)NavarrohadletEstebanfinishinthirdplace,whilehecamefourth.納瓦羅讓埃斯特班獲得了第三名，而他獲得了第四名。［先做］——寫出下列句中while的含義①(2022?全國(guó)甲卷)WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattackFlora,thecat.雖然；盡管②(2022?全國(guó)乙卷滿分作文)ThepercentofthestudentswholistentoEnglishsongsisashighas65%.50%ofthemwatchEnglishmovieswhileonly18%readEnglishbooks.然而，可是③(2022?d匕京卷)OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying"freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)】矣［后教］(1)作并列連詞時(shí)，意為“然而”，表示前后分句的對(duì)比；(2)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候、在……時(shí)”，狀語從句的省略形式為whiledoing/done,意為“當(dāng)做/被時(shí)“；(3)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(從句常置于句首)時(shí)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“雖然、盡管“，不能與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。［佳句背誦］Manycountrypeoplearebeginningtoworkandliveinbigcities,whilemanycitypeoplearecomingtothecountrysideforaquietandpeacefullife.許多農(nóng)村人開始到大城市里工作和生活，然而許多城里人卻正到農(nóng)村去享受寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村生活。desiren.&”渴望［先做］—單句語法填空①YoungpeoplehaveastrongerdesireforabetterlifeandaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)begivee(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.［后教］Jtodosth.迫切想要做某事(l)haveastrongdesirei …”'［forsth.渴望得到某物(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 希望做某事［佳句背誦］KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell,Pdliketoofferyousomesuggestions.=KnowingyoudesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.得知你很想學(xué)好漢語，我想給你提供一些建議。背誦點(diǎn) 書面表達(dá)之建議信defence〃.防守隊(duì)員，后衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)，防御；辯護(hù)［先做］—單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Itisthenatureofamothertodoallshecantodefendherchildfrom/againstharmanddanger.②Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifdefence.^defence前力口in［后教］保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；（為……）辯護(hù)為某人辯護(hù)保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；（為……）辯護(hù)為某人辯護(hù)保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解保護(hù)……以免受為自己辯護(hù)；自衛(wèi)inone*sdefence(2)defendvt.defend...from/againstdefendoneself［佳句背誦］ThelawyersareallowedtodefendthemselvesincourtaccordingtoChineselaw.根據(jù)中國(guó)法律，律師被允許在法庭上為自己辯護(hù)。relieve”.減輕，緩解［先做］—單句語法填空①(2020?天5拿卷5月)一Youseemtobeinareallygoodmood.一Ifinishedmylasttesttoday.Whatarelief!NowI'mfree.②(2020?浙江卷7月)Thankgoodness!Wesucceededinclimbingontothehelicopter,gaspingwith/inrelief.③(2020?江蘇卷)Qualitycountslessthanattitudeandeffort—evenastupidjokecanrelieveothersofriskandembarrassment.［后教］(l)relievesb.of... 緩和/減輕某人的(2)reliefn.減輕，緩解；安慰；救濟(jì)toone*srelief令某人感到欣慰的是toone*sreliefwith/inrelief 欣慰地，寬慰地Itisarelieftodosth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。(3)relievedadj.寬慰的；欣慰的［佳句背誦］Afterhisterrifyingadventure,Macfeltrelievedwhenhereachedhomesafetohislovingfamily.在經(jīng)歷了可怕的冒險(xiǎn)之后，麥克安全地回到了親愛的家人身邊，感到如釋重負(fù)。particular〃.尤其，特別特定的［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Tomisaveryopen-mindedman,andwon'tbeparticularaboutsmallthings.②IamparticulargoodatspokenEnglishandhaveadeepunderstandingofculturesofourcity,whichwillgreatlyhelpmedothejob.particulaLparticularly［后教］對(duì)……講究/挑剔特地做某事對(duì)……講究/挑剔特地做某事尤其；特別beparticulartodosth.(2)inparticular=particularly［佳句背誦］AsfarasIknow,thiskindoffoodisrichinnutrition,anditcontainsalotofmineralsinparticular.據(jù)我所知，這種食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，特別是含有大量的礦物質(zhì)。［聯(lián)想發(fā)散］表示“尤其；特別”的副詞還有specially、especially等。benefit〃?好處，益處。.（使）受益；得益于［先做］單句語法填空［先做］單句語法填空it.it.①Youcanalsogoovertheknowledgeatthesametimeandyouaresuretobenefitfrom②(譯林選必三U2)Thesescientificandtechnologicaladvancescanprovidebenefits(benefit)tosocietiesontheEarthinmanyareasincludinghealth,energyandinformationtechnology.［后教］(l)forthebenefitof...為了 的利益(l)forthebenefitof...為了 的利益(2)benefitfrom/by...從……中受益；得益于(3)beneficialadj.(3)beneficialadj.有利的；有幫助的beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...beofgreatbenefitto...=beverybeneficialto...對(duì)……非常有益（to為介詞）［佳句背誦］Regulationsplacedclearobligationsonthelandlordforthebenefitofthetenant.為了租戶的利益，條例給房東規(guī)定了明確的義務(wù)。［名師點(diǎn)津］benefitsb./sth.=beofbenefittosb./sth.=bebeneficialtosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有益；有益于某人/某物equipment〃.設(shè)備，裝備［先做］一單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.②Thecompanyhasboughtalotofnewequipmentssincethenewmanagercametopower.equipmentsfequipmentpower.equipmentsfequipment［后教］(l)apieceofequipment(2)equipv.equip...with...beequippedwith...equipsb.forsth./todosth.一件設(shè)備裝備；配備用……來裝備……配有……使某人為（做）某事而準(zhǔn)備；使某人具備（做）某事的條件［佳句背誦］Inmyview,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreequippedforlifeyouare.在我看來，教育就是學(xué)習(xí)，你學(xué)得越多，你就越能適應(yīng)生活。背誦點(diǎn)書面表達(dá)之建議信背誦點(diǎn)prevent”.預(yù)防；阻止，阻擋［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?新高考全國(guó)卷I)TheelderlyresidentsincarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling(feel)lonely.②(2020?天津卷7月)Itpreventspeoplewhoarecutofffromsocietyfalling(fall)victimtocheaters.［后教］(l)prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.=keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事(2)preventionn.預(yù)防，防止［佳句背誦］Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為避免軟組織損傷，你要確保鍛煉時(shí)穿合適的衣服，戴合適的裝備。（譯林光修二U2）［名師點(diǎn)津］prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth,用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其中的from均不可省略。amount〃?數(shù)量；總額q等于；合計(jì)；發(fā)展成為［先做］單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)［先做］單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Theamountofmoneyinhisbankaccountwas(be)sohugethattheauthorgotoverjoyed.②(2021?浙江卷6月)Itwastiringwork,butIlookedforwardtothepay,eventhoughIwasn'tsurehowmuchitwouldamountto.③Hugeamountsofinformationhaveupdatedinthepastminutes.在updated前力口been［后教］(l)theamountof...的數(shù)量(l)theamountof...的數(shù)量alarge/smallamountof+〃.[U]+o.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof+〃.[U]+o.(復(fù)數(shù))(2)amountto共計(jì)，總計(jì)；等于，相當(dāng)于[佳句背誦]Theamountofjunkfoodteenagerseatgoesupyearbyyear,whichgraduallyruinstheirhealth.青少年吃垃圾食品的數(shù)量逐年上漲，這逐漸損害了他們的健康。［名師點(diǎn)津］只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞匯及短語還有agreatdealof>much等。satisfaction〃.滿足，滿意；令人滿意的事［先做］—單句語法填空①(2022?浙江卷1月)Finally,myhardworkpaidoff—wewereawardedanA,whichgavemegreatsatisfaction(satisfy).②Tomysatisfaction,Igotasatisfying/satisfactoryresultoftheexam,whichmademymotherquitesatisfied,(satisfy)③(2020?天津卷7月)1thinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfy(satisfy)herself.［后教］(l)withsatisfactiontoone*ssatisfaction(2)satisfyvt.satisfyone*sneeds/demands(3)satisfiedadj.besatisfiedwith...(4)satisfyingadj.satisfactoryadj.滿意地令某人滿意的是使?jié)M意；使?jié)M足滿足某人的需要