高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式課件

高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式課件第一頁，共32頁。Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnot

toeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)一、用法第一頁第二頁，共32頁。1.作主語2)用it作形式主語用不定式(It+be+adj./n.+todosth)3)例外：

Itisnogood/nouse/nohelp+doingsth.

Itisnousearguingaboutit.

1)常用動(dòng)名詞LearningEnglishisveryimportant.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.第二頁第三頁，共32頁。2.作賓語1)v+只跟todolearn/agree/ask/offer/happen/pretend/promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/decide/

refuse/fail/manage…Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.第三頁第四頁，共32頁。2)v+只跟doingfinish/complete/enjoy/mind/practise/consider/suggest/advise/miss/avoid/admit/deny/permit/allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delay…keep(on)/giveup/insiston/succeedin/feellike/putoff/beworth/beusedto/lookforwardto…Ienjoyplayingbasketball.Shepractisesplayingthepianoforanhoureveryday.但是advise/consider/allow/permit/forbid/admitsbtodosthHeadvisedgoingonatriptoGuangzhou.HeadvisedustogoonatriptoGuangzhou.第四頁第五頁，共32頁。3)V+todo/doing區(qū)別不大。

begin/start/like/love/hate/dislike…4)v+todo/doing區(qū)別很大

forget/remember/stop/goonregret/try/mean/can’thelpneed/want/requiretrytodo努力做某事trydoing試著做某事regrettodo對(duì)要做的某事表示遺憾regretdoing對(duì)已做的某事表示后悔meantodo打算做meandoing意味著can’thelp(to)do不能幫忙做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事第五頁第六頁，共32頁。need/want/require

sthneed/want/requiredoing=sthneed/want/requiretobedone某事需要被做第六頁第七頁，共32頁。3.賓語補(bǔ)足語：1）ask類（v+sbtodosth）want/wish/order/like/wouldlike /helpforce/allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider…Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.

第七頁第八頁，共32頁。2）感官動(dòng)詞類（V+sb.+dosth.）see/hear/notice/find/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel/smell…Ioftenhearthemsingthesonginthenextroom.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.但這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，省去的to要加上。Theywereheardtosingapopsong.Hewasmadetoanswerthequestion.3）使役動(dòng)詞類（V+sb.+dosth.）make/let/have…第八頁第九頁，共32頁。1.Hewasmade_________.goB.goneC.goingD.togo2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.cry；tocryB.crying；cryingcry；cryD.tocry；cry第九頁第十頁，共32頁。注意

B.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.第十頁第十一頁，共32頁。注意C.帶疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?第十一頁第十二頁，共32頁。注意D.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。第十二頁第十三頁，共32頁。4.作表語doing表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；todo表將來一次性性動(dòng)作Mywishistobecomeascientist.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.第十三頁第十四頁，共32頁。5.作狀語不定式：作目的、結(jié)果（only之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）分詞：作時(shí)間、條件、伴隨、結(jié)果和原因（句首）不定式作目的狀語：不定式用作目的狀語時(shí)，其句意特點(diǎn)很明顯，通常在譯成中文時(shí)可用“為了”來表示。Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.

Doctorsworkedthroughthenighttosavethelifeoftheinjuredman.第十四頁第十五頁，共32頁。不定式作結(jié)果狀語onlyto,enoughto,too…to,nevertoThattoolistooheavytoliftdirectlyThetemperatureishighenoughtochangewaterintosteam．Hewenthome,onlytofindthedooropenandeverythingwasgone.Heleft,nevertocomeback.第十五頁第十六頁，共32頁。（2005.福建卷）—Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?

—Sure,______itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.

A.havinggot

B.toget

C.getting

D.get（2005.廣東卷）—Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.

A.tofind

B.finding

C.found

D.tohavefound

（2005.重慶卷）Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.

A.had

B.have

C.tohave

D.having第十六頁第十七頁，共32頁。

6.作定語

todo將來的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，tobedone表將來的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作（句中有邏輯主語時(shí)用todo，若是不及物動(dòng)詞，要加介詞）

Ihavetwobookstoread.Haveyougotanything

tosay?He’slookingforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Ihaveclothestowash,anddoyouhaveclothestobewashed?Thequestiontobediscussedisveryimportant.第十七頁第十八頁，共32頁。不定式與它修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且主語是不定式中的動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的邏輯主語或在句中能找到其邏輯主語。Hehasalotofworktodotoday．Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay區(qū)別：AreyougoingtotheballtobeheldonNewYear’sEve？第十八頁第十九頁，共32頁。1.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo________.makefriendwithB.makefriendsofC.makefriendsD.makefriendswith2.The

assistant

works

very

hard.

She

is

always

the

first

_____

and

the

last

_____.

A.

come,

leave

B.

coming,

leaving

C.

to

come,

to

leave

D.

to

come,

leaving解析：由only,last,next,序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語。再如：Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.第十九頁第二十頁，共32頁。二、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式一般式：

todo（表將來）一般被動(dòng)式：tobedone進(jìn)行式：tobedoing（表正在進(jìn)行）完成式：tohavedone（表已經(jīng)完成）完成被動(dòng)式：tohavebeendone否定式:nottodo第二十頁第二十一頁，共32頁。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。第二十一頁第二十二頁，共32頁。㈡.進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)第二十二頁第二十三頁，共32頁。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不定式之前。第二十三頁第二十四頁，共32頁。Iopenedthedoor_____(enter)theroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingto

attend

themeeting______(hold)tomorrow.3.Robertissaid____(study)abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.4.Iamsorry____(keep)youwaitingsolong.5.Hedidn’tlike_____(laugh).6.

Heclaimed_____(badlytreat

)inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7.Theteachertoldus_____(be)late

again.toentertobeheldtohavestudiedtohavekepttobelaughedattohavebeenbadlytreatednottobe第二十四頁第二十五頁，共32頁。三、疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式用作主語、賓語等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Idon’tknowhowtodoit.第二十五頁第二十六頁，共32頁。四、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：1)forsb.todosth2)(Itis+性格adj+)ofsb.todosth性格adj：nice,kind,cruel,thoughtful,careful,careless…ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglish.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisveryniceofyoutohelpme.Itwascarelessofhimtomakesuchamistake.第二十六頁第二十七頁，共32頁。達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)1.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.I’mafraidit’llbeveryhardforyou_________(adapt)thisstoryforchildren.After__________(think)everythingover,shedecided_______________(notresign)herpost.You’dbetternotget__________(annoy)athisignorance.Allofusaresatisfied,sinceeverythingseems_____________(go)onsmoothly.toadaptthinkingnottoresignannoyedtobegoing第二十七頁第二十八頁，共32頁。5.Itmightbebetter__________(try)______________(discuss)inhisownlanguageasheisn’tusedto_____________(speak)inEnglishyet.6._________(see)fromthehilltop,thelakeisextremelybeautiful.7.Ifyoucouldn’tgetanything_________(open)thebeerbottlewith,whynot________(try)__________(open)itwithyourteeth.8.WhenIopenthedoorInoticedsomeon