高中英語人教版一輪學(xué)案必修5Unit5Firstaid

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。Unit5Firstaid主題:人與自我子話題:健康生活與飲食對(duì)應(yīng)教材:必修3Unit2Healthyeating;必修5Unit5Firstaid;選修6Unit3Ahealthylife;選修7Unit1Livingwell重點(diǎn)單詞·巧記Ⅰ.核心單詞1.aid n.&vt.幫助;援助;資助2.mild adj.輕微的;溫和的;溫柔的3.tight adj.牢的;緊的;緊密的4.firm adj.(動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定有力的;堅(jiān)定的5.ceremony n.典禮;儀式;禮節(jié)

6.swell vi.&vt.(使)膨脹;隆起7.temporary adj.暫時(shí)的;臨時(shí)的8.vital adj.至關(guān)重要的;生死攸關(guān)的9.symptom n.癥狀;征兆10.pressure n.壓力;擠壓;壓迫(感)11.squeeze vt.&vi.榨;擠;壓榨12.pour vt.&vi.倒;灌;注;涌13.plex adj.復(fù)雜的14.unbearable adj.難以忍受的;不能容忍的Ⅱ.拓展單詞1.injuryn.損傷;傷害→injurevt.傷害2.bleed(vi.&vt.)流血→bleedingn.流血→bloodn.血3.poisonn.毒藥;毒害vt.毒害;使中毒→poisonousadj.有毒的4.varietyn.變化;多樣(化);多變(性)→variousadj.各種各樣的→varyv.變化5.braveryn.勇敢;勇氣→braveadj.勇敢的6.treatvt.&vi.治療;對(duì)待;款待n.款待;招待→treatmentn.治療

7.applyvt.涂;敷;搽;應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用vi.申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求;使用;有效→appliedadj.實(shí)用的,應(yīng)用的→applicationn.申請(qǐng)→applicantn.申請(qǐng)人8.pressuren.壓力;擠壓;壓迫(感)→pressv.壓;按9.swellvi.&vt.(使)膨脹;隆起→swollenadj.腫脹的10.mildadj.輕微的;溫和的;溫柔的→mildlyadv.輕微地;溫和地核心短語·閃記1.fallill 生病

2.electricshock 觸電;電休克

3.squeezeout 榨出;擠出

4.overandoveragain 反復(fù);多次

5.inplace 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?適當(dāng)

6.anumberof 若干;許多

7.putone’shandson 找到

8.firstaid 急救

9.makeadifference 起(重要)作用;有影響;區(qū)別對(duì)待

10.getburned 燒傷

經(jīng)典句式·速記1.【句型公式】:bedoingsth.when正在做某事的時(shí)候,突然……Johnwasstudying(正在學(xué)習(xí))inhisroomwhen(這時(shí))heheardscreaming.

2.【句型公式】:ifnecessary是ifitisnecessary的省略形式;unless是連詞,意為“除非;如果不”。Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessary(如果有必要)unless(除非)itisstucktotheburn.

3.【句型公式】:There’snodoubtthat...“……毫無疑問”Thereisnodoubtthat(毫無疑問)John’squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade’slife.

1.以u(píng)re結(jié)尾的高頻小詞小結(jié)①signature 簽名②exposure 暴露;揭發(fā)③pleasure 樂事,快樂④mixture 混合⑤failure 失敗2.與firstaid相關(guān)的高頻詞匯集錦①injury n.損傷,傷害②bleed vt.&vi.放血,流血③choke vt.&vi.(使)噎住;(使)窒息④poison n.&vt.毒藥;使中毒⑤treat v.治療Ⅰ.細(xì)品味經(jīng)典文章Asweallknow,havingaknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakeadifferenceinourdailylife.Ifatrafficaccidenthappensandsomeoneisinjured,thefollowingstepscanbeusedtotreattheinjured.Inthefirstplace,weshouldmakesurethattheaccidentsceneissafesothatwewon’tgethurt.WeshouldasktheinjuredpersonifheisOK,andseeifheisbreathing.What’smore,weshouldcheckforcutsandwounds.Forasimplecut,itisonlynecessarytowashtheareaofthecut,dryitandcoveritwithapieceofdrycleancloth.Ifheisbleedingbadly,itisvitalthatweshouldtrytostopthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretotheinjury.Thisisbecauseifapersonlosestoomuchblood,hemaydie.Ifnecessary,taketheinjuredpersontothehospitalassoonaspossible.Doremember:whengivingfirstaid,pleasebesuretoplacethepersoninarecoveryposition.Ⅱ.按要求完成任務(wù)1.寫出文章中與“急救”相關(guān)的單詞和短語。firstaid;injured;treat;gethurt;checkforcutsandwounds;cover;bleed;applypressuretotheinjury;blood;recoveryposition

2.需要進(jìn)行急救的時(shí)候,第一步需要確認(rèn)什么?Inthefirstplace,weshouldmakesurethattheaccidentsceneissafesothatwewon’tgethurt.

Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.aidn.&vt.幫助;援助;資助【教材原句】Firstaidisatemporaryformofhelpgiventosomeonewhosuddenlyfallsillorgetsinjuredbeforeadoctorcanbefound.(P33)急救指的是在找來醫(yī)生之前對(duì)突然生病或受傷的人的一種臨時(shí)幫助形式?！驹~塊必記】(1)do/offer/give/perform/carryoutfirstaidtosb.對(duì)某人進(jìn)行急救withtheaidofsb.=withsb.’said 在某人的幫助下inaidof 為了援助(2)aidsb.insth./doingsth. 在某方面幫助某人aidsb.withsth. 以某事/物幫助某人aidsb.todosth. 幫助某人做某事【語境速測】單句語法填空①Iaidthepoorgirlincontinuing(continue)herstudy.②Theywereaccusedofaidinghimtoescape(escape).

③WiththeaidofourEnglishteacher,wehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.④FatherPoolewalkedpainfully,withtheaid(aid)ofastick.

一句多譯上大學(xué)期間我?guī)椭鲅芯俊＂軮aidedhimtodohisresearchwhileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.todo...)

⑥IaidedhimindoinghisresearchwhileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.indoing...)

⑦IaidedhimwithhisresearchwhileIwasatcollege.(aidsb.with...)

2.vitaladj.至關(guān)重要的;生死攸關(guān)的;生氣勃勃的;必不可少的【典型例句】Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife,it’svitalthatwe(should)beginwithsmallthings.如果我們要想在生活中發(fā)揮作用,重要的一點(diǎn)就是我們應(yīng)該從小事開始。【詞塊必記】bevitalto/for 對(duì)……是重要的Itisvitaltodo... 做……是重要的Itisvitalthat...(should)do... 重要的是……vitally adv.極其;絕對(duì)vitality n.生命力;活力;熱情【語境速測】單句語法填空①Enoughsleepisvitalfor/tothestudents’wellbeingandhealth.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvitaltokeep(keep)accuraterecords.

③Lesley’scareerinthechurchisvitally(vital)importanttoher.④Overtheyears,tomodernizethepany’sproductionstructureisfullofvitality(vital)andfamous.3.treatvt.&vi.治療;對(duì)待;款待n.款待;招待【教材原句】JohnusedthesetotreatthemostsevereinjuriestoMsSlade’shands.(P38)約翰用這些療法來治療斯萊德女士手上最嚴(yán)重的傷。【詞塊必記】treatsb.as... 把某人當(dāng)……看待treatsb.with... 以……方式對(duì)待某人treatsth.seriously 認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事/某物treatsb./oneselfto 用……款待某人/自己It’smytreat. 我請(qǐng)客。treatment n.治療;處理;待遇undertreatment 在治療中【語境速測】單句語法填空①Policesaythey’retreatingitasacaseofattemptedmurder.

②Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.

③We’vegottotreatpeoplewithrespectanddignity.

④Afteryearsofregulartreatment(treat),shefinallybecamehealthy.⑤Treated(treat)inaproperway,thepatientwaslikelytobesaved.翻譯句子⑥這個(gè)經(jīng)理正在接受一種罕見的皮膚病的治療。Themanagerisbeingtreatedforarareskindiseasenow.

Ⅱ.核心短語4.makeadifference區(qū)別對(duì)待;有影響;起(重要)作用【教材原句】Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.(P38)它表明,急救知識(shí)真的有實(shí)際意義?！驹~塊必記】(1)makeadifferenceto 對(duì)……有作用/有影響makesome/no/littledifference(to...) (對(duì)……)有些/沒/幾乎沒作用或影響(2)tellthedifference(between...and...) 辨別/區(qū)分(……與……)Itmakesnodifferencetosb. 對(duì)某人來說……是沒有關(guān)系的【語境速測】單句語法填空①Hiswordsmakenodifferencetohim,forheisquitestubborn.②Doesitmakeany/adifferencewhethershewilletoourparty?③Thetwinsaresoalike;it’sdifficulttotellthedifference(different)betweenthem.完成句子④Evenifitisasmallthing,itcouldstillmakemuchdifferencetotheenvironment.

即使是一件小事情,也可以使環(huán)境大大改觀。Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式5.Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí),突然聽到了一聲尖叫。

【句型公式】bedoing...when...正在做……,這時(shí)突然……when在此句中為并列連詞,意為“就在這時(shí),恰恰在這時(shí)”,多用于下列句型:(1)bedoing...when... 正在做……這時(shí)……(2)beabouttodo...when... 正要做……這時(shí)……(3)hadjustdone...when... 剛做了……這時(shí)……(4)beonthepointofdoing...when... 正要做……這時(shí)……【語境速測】單句語法填空①Wewerediscussing(discuss)theproblemwhentherewasapowerfailure.

②Hewasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.

完成句子③Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday.

昨天她剛剛完成作業(yè)這時(shí)母親叫她練習(xí)彈鋼琴?！緜溥x要點(diǎn)】1.applyvt.涂;敷;搽;應(yīng)用;運(yùn)用vi.申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求;使用;有效【教材原句】Heslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandambulancearrived.(P38)他通過向傷口施加壓力來減緩出血,直到警察和救護(hù)車趕到?！驹~塊必記】apply...to... 把……運(yùn)用到……中;把……涂到……上applyoneselfto 致力于;集中精力于applyto... 適應(yīng)/適用……apply(to...)for... (向……)申請(qǐng)……applicant n.申請(qǐng)人application n.申請(qǐng);申請(qǐng)書;適用【巧學(xué)助記】Theapplicantappliedhimselftoapplyingforapostforteachingappliedchemistry,sayingthathewouldapplywhathehadlearnttohisteaching.這位申請(qǐng)人專心于申請(qǐng)一份教應(yīng)用化學(xué)的工作,并且說他會(huì)把他所學(xué)到的應(yīng)用到他的教學(xué)中去。【語境速測】單句語法填空①Overtheyears,hehasappliedhimselftoimproving(improve)thelivingconditionsofthemigrantworkers.②Hehasappliedtotheschoolforascholarshipandhisapplicationisunderdiscussion.③Thenewtechnology,ifapplied(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.④Wemustapply(apply)whatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocaseshouldtheorybeseparatedfrompractice.

⑤SimilararrangementsapplytostudentswhoareordinarilyresidentinScotland.⑥I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplication(apply)intoaccountatyourconvenience.句式升級(jí)⑦Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.→Applyingyourselftothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)

→Appliedtothejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)

2.pressuren.壓力;擠壓;壓迫(感)【典型例句】Exercisewillnotonlylowerbloodpressurebutpossiblyprotectagainstheartattacks.鍛煉不僅會(huì)降低血壓,而且可能對(duì)心臟病有預(yù)防效果?！驹~塊必記】press v.擠,壓putpressureonsb.(todosth.) 對(duì)某人施加壓力(迫使其做某事)underpressure 在壓力之下,(液體或氣體)受壓力underthepressureof... 在……的壓力下high/lowpressure 高/低壓【語境速測】單句語法填空①Ishesufferingfrompressure(press)oflife?②Itwasdoneunderthepressureofthenecessity.③Thebirthofthetwinsputpressureonthemtofindabiggerflat.完成句子④Shedoesnotgiveupdespitethepressurefromhermother.盡管她的媽媽給她很大壓力,但她依然不會(huì)放棄。

⑤Howcananyoneenjoythepressuresofcitylife?

怎么會(huì)有人喜歡都市生活的壓力呢?3.stickto粘在……上【教材原句】Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.(P34)除非衣服粘在燒傷面上,否則衣服都要脫掉。若需要的話,可用剪刀。【詞塊必記】bestuckin 陷入;卡住can’tstickdoingsth. 不能忍受做某事stickoutfor 堅(jiān)持要求stickout 突出;伸出;顯眼【語境速測】單句語法填空①Hegotthekeystuck(stick)inthelock.②Shefindsitdifficulttostick(stick)toadiet.

③Ifyousticktothetruth,youwillhavenothingtofear.完成句子④Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshouldsticktoit.

一旦做出一個(gè)決定,我們都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持它。4.inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?適當(dāng)【教材原句】Covertheburnedareawithadry,cleanbandagethatwillnotsticktotheskin.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.(P35)用不會(huì)粘在皮膚上的干燥、清潔的繃帶蓋住燒傷的區(qū)域。用膠帶將繃帶固定到位?！驹~塊必記】outofplace 不合適;不在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢胕nplaceof 代替inthefirstplace 首先;第一takeplace 發(fā)生takeone’splace 就座;就職;代替taketheplaceof 代替;取代【語境速測】用place短語填空①You’dbetterputthingsbackinplace.Otherwise,itwill

bedifficulttofindthem.②Someofthesebooksareoutofplace,makingthewholeroommessy.

③Wewantanothergirlinplaceofher.

④Wewantanothergirltotaketheplaceofher.

一句多譯我將代替李老師給你們上課。⑤IwillgiveyoulessonsinplaceofMrLi.

⑥IwilltaketheplaceofMrLitogiveyoulessons.

5.unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句【教材原句】Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.(P34)除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上,否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話,可用剪刀?！局R(shí)拓展】(1)unless除非,如果不,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)肯定的條件狀語從句,從句有時(shí)可與if...not引導(dǎo)的否定狀語從句互換。(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,主句多用一般將來時(shí)。(3)在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,主語和部分謂語有時(shí)可以省略?！菊`區(qū)釋疑】條件狀語從句:unless從句遵循if從句主將從現(xiàn)和主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)的情況?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Wewillgohikingunlessitrainstomorrow.②Unlessheapprovesofourproposal,hewillbeforcedtoleavethepany.完成句子③Wecannotunderstandadiseaseunlessweunderstandthepersonwhohasthedisease.

若不了解患者我們就不能了解疾病。④Youwon’tmakefriendswiththemunlessyoucareforthepeopleundergreatpressure.除非你關(guān)心那些處于巨大壓力下的人,否則你不會(huì)和他們成為朋友。

句式改寫⑤IwantyoutokeepworkingunlessItellyoutostop.(用if從句改寫)IwantyoutokeepworkingifIdon’ttellyoutostop.

⑥Iwon’tattendthemeetingunlessI’minvited.(改為省略句)Iwon’tattendthemeetingunlessinvited.

6.ifpossible如果可能的話【教材原句】Ifburnsareonarmsorlegs,keepthemhigherthantheheart,ifpossible.(P35)如果燒傷的部位在手臂或腿部,盡可能地把手臂或腿抬到高于心臟的位置?！揪湫凸健縤fpossible如果可能的話,是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略形式,相當(dāng)于ifitispossible?！局R(shí)拓展】Ifso 如果有;如果這樣的話Ifnot 如果沒有;如果不是這樣的話Ifnecessary 如果必要的話【語境速測】完成句子①—Haveyougotanyparticularplansfortheingholiday?—Yes,ifpossible(如果可能的話),I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.

②—IhearAlicewasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentandsenttohospital.—Ifso(如果這樣的話),weshouldgoandseeherimmediately.

【文化金句】Ifyoufocusonresults,youwillneverchange.Ifyoufocusonchange,youwillgetresults.執(zhí)于結(jié)果,無以為變;執(zhí)于改變,終成正果。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020·天津高考)Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortmercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.

2.(2020·江蘇高考)IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers(barrier),Iwouldn’tbewhereIam.3.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemfromturningbrown.

4.(2018·江蘇高考)Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle,foundhissymptoms(symptom)werestrangelyreducedbytheirdailytiringjourney.5.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely(extreme)challenging.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Treatedintime,somediseasesarenotdangerousatall.

如果治療及時(shí),一些疾病一點(diǎn)也不危險(xiǎn)。(過去分詞作狀語;treat)2.Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessapplyingyourselftoyourwork.除非你全身心投入你的工作,否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)獲得成功的。(省略形式;apply)

3.Itisvitalthatwe(should)geton/alongwellwithpeoplearoundus.重要的是我們應(yīng)與我們周圍的人好好相處。(it作形式主語;vital)

4.IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.我正在街上散步,突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。(bedoing...when...)

5.Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot,youwillnotcatchthefirstbus.明天早點(diǎn)起床。如果不早起的話,你就趕不上第一班公交車。(省略句)

語法填空(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining1.hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake2.(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack3.dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters4._________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand5._________(remend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.

Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting6.(pete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany7.(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere8._________(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we9._________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,10._________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

【文章大意】本文為記敘文。本文主要講述了“我們”在回家路上遇到大雨以及后面的經(jīng)歷。1.【解析】so。考查固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后的hard以及其后的that從句可知此處為so+adj./adv.+that從句結(jié)構(gòu),故填so。2.【解析】toget?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知howlongitwouldtake...為賓語從句,其中包含著itwouldtakesb.+時(shí)間+todo不定式結(jié)構(gòu),表示做某事花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間,故填toget。3.【解析】of?？疾榻樵~。apackof為固定搭配,表示“一群”,故填of。4.【解析】who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals為定語從句,修飾先行詞masters,masters為人,故填who。

5.【解析】remended?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)and可知所填詞語與前面的shared構(gòu)成并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu),故填remended。6.【解析】petition?？疾槊~。根據(jù)空格前的interesting可知此處填名詞形式,故填petition。7.【解析】traditional?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)空格后的stories可知此處填形容詞形式,故填traditional。8.【解析】hugely。考查副詞。根據(jù)空格后的popular可知此處填副詞形式,故填hugely。9.【解析】wereinvited。考查時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。本文通篇以一般過去時(shí)為主,故此處填過去時(shí)形式;且根據(jù)空格后的toattend可知此處主語we與invite之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,構(gòu)成sb.beinvitedtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu),故填wereinvited。10.【解析】listening?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了謂語動(dòng)詞,且空前沒有連詞,故所填詞語為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,且與其邏輯主語we之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語,故填listening。此題也可根據(jù)后面meeting可知此處所填詞語與meeting之間構(gòu)成并列的伴隨狀語?！疽族e(cuò)誤區(qū)】(1)誤導(dǎo)原因:9題和10題,考生容易分不清楚謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞,尤其是10題的listening,是非謂語動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語。(2)去偽存真:第一步,找動(dòng)詞,找句子主干——wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcert確定謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞。第二步,確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)——invite時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài);非謂語動(dòng)詞所作成分以及與邏輯主語的關(guān)系——伴隨狀語且主動(dòng)。第三步,確定invite以及l(fā)isten的形式,注意規(guī)范書寫。核心素養(yǎng)崇尚健康生活,掌握一般的急救知識(shí),關(guān)注自身安全高考鏈接2020·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C、閱讀填句;2020·浙江高考讀后續(xù)寫;2019·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀填句;2018·全國卷Ⅱ完形填空;2018·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解B;2018·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解C;2018·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀填句Ⅰ.話題與閱讀理解(2021·四川模擬)Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It’shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticsefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthemonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsinmonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation(吸入)usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,paredto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.“Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact.”Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate“theaccumulativehumanexposure”tomicroplastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans’caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒。1.Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticsmonlyexistinthehumanbody?A.Thequality.B.Thequantity.C.Theshape. D.Thesize.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Thequality質(zhì)量;Thequantity數(shù)量;Theshape形狀;Thesize大小。要弄清楚是什么讓我們很難知道微塑料顆粒普遍存在于人體內(nèi),可根據(jù)第二段中Measuring50to500...withinthehumanbody(微塑料顆粒的長度在50到500微米之間,有多種來源,包括可以分解成越來越小碎片的大型塑料)”可知,微塑料顆粒的大小讓我們很難知道它們普遍存在于人體中,故D項(xiàng)正確。2.HowdidKieranCox’steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?A.Bystudyingpapers.B.Byparingtheimpacts.C.Byanalyzingthedata.D.Byconductingexperiments.【解析】選C。分析判斷題。Bystudyingpapers.通過研究論文;Byparingtheimpacts.通過比較影響;Byanalyzingthedata.通過分析數(shù)據(jù);Byconductingexperiments.通過進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。本題是問KieranCox的團(tuán)隊(duì)是如何計(jì)算微塑料的潛在消耗量的,短文第三段Theteamalsoevaluated...foodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.KieranCox的研究小組還利用先前報(bào)告中的空氣中微塑性物質(zhì)濃度數(shù)據(jù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)署報(bào)告的呼吸速率,評(píng)估了吸入過程中微塑料的潛在消耗量,根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù),研究人員計(jì)算出,我們通過食品和飲料每年消耗的微塑料顆粒從39000到52000不等。由此可知,KieranCox的研究小組是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)來計(jì)算微塑料的潛在消耗量的,故C項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplasticsB.MicroplasticsingFromVariousSourcesC.MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodiesD.TheImpactofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth【解析】選C。主旨大意題。A項(xiàng):微塑料的潛在問題;B項(xiàng):各種來源的微型塑料;C項(xiàng):人體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的微型塑料;D項(xiàng):微塑料對(duì)人體健康的影響。通讀全文,特別是根據(jù)第一段Microplasticsareeverywhere...particleseachyear.(微塑料在我們的環(huán)境中無處不在,在人類身上也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微小的碎片并不奇怪。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,美國人每年消耗的微塑料顆粒多達(dá)12.1萬個(gè))可知,本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒。由此,本文最好的題目是MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodies。故選C?！疚⒓寄茳c(diǎn)撥】快速定位信息巧解細(xì)節(jié)理解題本文中第1題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)策略解題如下:Step1確定題干關(guān)鍵詞:“difficult”;“microplastics”;“monlyexist”Step2回到原文準(zhǔn)定位:Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticsefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthemonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.Step3對(duì)比選項(xiàng)找最佳:嘗試解答D。

【語用提能】話題詞匯material;absorb;health;source;consumption;pare短語breakdown;monlyconsumed;takesth.intoaccount;cuttingdown【微語法填空】Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It’shardly1._________(surprise)thatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.

Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticsefromavarietyofsources,2._________(include)largeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthemon3._________(exist)ofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody.

AresearchteamledbyKieranCox,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsinmonlyconsumedfooditems,4._________whichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.5._________(base)onthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretaken6._________account,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.

Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrink7._________(exclusive)fromplasticwaterbottlesabsorb8._________additional90,000microplasticseachyear,paredto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.Thenewstudywasthefirsttoinvestigate“theaccumulativehuman9._________(expose)”tomicroplastics.

Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart,10.totheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.1.【解析】surprising?？疾樾稳菰~。It’shardlysurprisingthat...“……并不令人吃驚”。并不令人吃驚的是,在人體內(nèi)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了那些小碎片。2.【解析】including。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。微塑料的長度為50至500微米,其來源多種多樣,包括那些被分解成越來越小的碎片的大塑料。3.【解析】existence?？疾槊~。themonexistence普遍存在。4.【解析】among。考查定語從句。由KieranCox領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組研究了26篇論文,評(píng)估了常用食品的微塑料含量,評(píng)估的食物包括海鮮,糖,鹽,蜂蜜,酒精和水等食物。which代指前面的fooditems,這些食物中包括……,所以用介詞“among”。5.【解析】Based?？疾檫^去分詞作狀語?！癰ebasedon...”“以……為基礎(chǔ)”所以填Based。6.【解析】into?？疾楣潭ù钆?。takesth.intoaccount將……考慮在內(nèi)。7.【解析】exclusively?？疾楦痹~。該研究的作者發(fā)現(xiàn),僅僅從塑料水瓶中喝水的人每年還會(huì)額外吸收9萬微塑料。exclusively副詞修飾動(dòng)詞drink。8.【解析】an?？疾椴欢ü谠~“an”,是泛指(9萬微塑料是一份額外的吸收)且additional發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,所以用an。9.【解析】exposure?？疾槊~。expose的名詞形式是exposure?！袄鄯e的對(duì)微塑料的接觸”。10.【解析】but?？疾檫B詞。對(duì)于那些擔(dān)心使用微塑料的人來說,減少瓶裝水是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的起點(diǎn)。但是,問題的根源是我們必須停止生產(chǎn)和使用太多塑料。Ⅱ.話題與寫作閱讀下面的短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Recently,aprofessorofphilosophyintheUnitedStateshaswrittenabookcalledMoneyandtheMeaningofLife.Hehasdiscoveredthathowwedealwithmoneyinourdaytodaylifehasmoremeaningthanweusuallythink.Oneofthethingsheaskshisstudentstodoistokeeparecordofeverypennytheyspendforaweek.Fromthewaytheyspendtheirmoney,theyoftenseewhattheyreallyvalueinlife.Hesaysourrelationwithothersoftenbeesclearlydefinedwhenmoneyentersthepicture.Youmighthavewonderfulfriendshipwithsomebodyandyouthinkthatyouareverygoodfriends.Butyouwillknowhimonlywhenyouaskhimtolendyousomemoney.Ifhedoes,itbringssomethingtotherelationshipthatseemsstrongerthaneverbefore.Oritcansuddenlyweakentherelationshipifhedoesn’t.Thispersonmaysaythathehasacertainfeeling,butifitisnotcarriedoutinthemoneyworld,thereissomethinglessrealaboutit.Sincemoneyissoimportanttous,weconsiderthosewhopossessalotofittobeveryimportant.Theauthorinterviewedsomemillionairesinresearchinghisbook.Answer:Themostsurprisingthingiswhypeoplegivemesomuchrespect.Iamnothing.Idon’tknowmuch.AllIamisrich.Peoplejusthaveanideaofmakingmoreandmoremoney,butwhatisitfor?HowmuchdoIneedforanygivenpurposesinmylife?Inhisbook,theprofessoruncoveredanimportantneedinmodernsociety:tobringbacktheideathatmoneyisaninstrumentratherthantheend.Moneyplaysanimportantroleinthematerialworld,butexpectingmoneytogivehappinessmaybemissingthemeaningoflife.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step1寫作技巧1.通讀全文,確定體裁,明確主題體裁:議論文主題:錢和生活的意義2.定位主題句和關(guān)鍵詞,變換表達(dá)方式(句式轉(zhuǎn)換)①Recently,aprofessorofphilosophyintheUnitedStateshaswrittenabookcalledMoneyandtheMeaningofLife.Hehasdiscoveredthathowwedealwithmoneyinourdaytodaylifehasmoremeaningthanweusuallythink.→AUSprofessorhasfoundouttherelationshipbetweenmoneyandthemeaningoflife.(簡單句)

②Sincemoneyissoimportanttous,weconsiderthosewhopossessalotofittobeveryimportant.→Moneyisgenerallyconsideredveryimportant.(被動(dòng)句表達(dá))

③Answer:Themostsurprisingthingiswhypeoplegivemesomuchrespect.Iamnothing.Idon’tknowmuch.AllIamisrich.→Amillionairedoesn’tfeelheisveryimportant,becausehethinksheisnothingexceptthathehasmoney.(連接成為復(fù)合句)

④Inhisbook,theprofessoruncoveredanimportantneedinmodernsociety:tobringbacktheideathatmoneyisaninstrumentratherthantheend.Moneyplaysanimportantroleinthematerialworld,butexpectingmoneytogivehappinessmaybemissingthemeaningoflife.→Theprofessor’sfindingsrevealthatmoneyisatoolratherthanthegoal,andmoneyisnotequaltohappiness.(賓語從句)

Step2妙筆成篇AUSprofessorhasfoundouttherelationshipbetweenmoneyandthemeaningoflife.Somepeoplethinkfriendshipandgoodrelationshipdependonwhetheryouhavemoneyandwhetheryouaregenerous.Moneyisgenerallyconsidere