句子成分導(dǎo)學(xué)案初升高英語銜接課程

句子成分Part1:Introductionofmembersofsentence句子成分：組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補語。主語subject是一個句子所描述的主體，可以是人、物、事情;一般位于于句首;常用名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句充當(dāng)擔(dān)任。①Studentsstudy.②Theyaregoodfriends.③Threeisenough.④Toseeistobelieve.⑤Fishingisallowed.⑥Whatheneedsisabook.⑦Therichshouldhelpthepoor.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子主語？_______________________________________________________________謂語predicate一般位于主語的后面；是用來說明主語做了一個什么動作，或者說明主語的行為或狀態(tài)；常由動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成，可分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語。①WeloveChina.②Shedanceswell.③Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Youmuststayathome.③Hehascaughtabadcold.④Shelooksbeautiful.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子謂語？_______________________________________________________________賓語object表示謂語動作的對象，是謂語動作的承受者。一般位于動詞或動詞短語之后。介詞后也會跟賓語。①IlikeMusic.②Heoftenhelpsme.③Givemefourplease.④Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.⑤Hewantstodreamanicedream.⑥Ithinkyouareright.⑦Iaminterestedinmusic.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子賓語？_______________________________________________________________定語attributive“定”就是限定，對句子里的名詞或代詞起到修飾和限定的作用?！?.....的”;分為前置定語和后置定語。①amathsproblem②Herdressiswet.③anaughtyboy④Ihave5books.⑤ThisisherfirsttriptoBeijing.⑥Itisaswimmingpool.⑦Ihavenothingtoeat.⑧Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.⑨Heistheboywhodancesbest.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子定語？_______________________________________________________________狀語adverbial用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞或全句。按其用途可分為時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、方式、目的、條件、讓步、方向、伴隨、程度等。①Howaboutmeetingagainatsix.②Tomsonlivesonthethirdfloor.③Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.④Hediditcarefully.⑤We'llsendacartofetchyou.⑥Ifhegoes,sowillI.⑦Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.⑧Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.⑨Hewassotiredthathefellasleep.⑩Iamtallerthanheis.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子狀語？_______________________________________________________________六、補足語plement有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子

的意義完整。它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用．①Wemadeherourmonitor.②Theresultmademeangry.③Letthefreshairin.④Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.⑤Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.⑥Wesawherenteringtheroom.⑦Theyfoundthehousebroken.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子補足語？_______________________________________________________________表語predicative“表明、表示”;用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、心情、年齡與身份等。位于系動詞be、bee、get、grow、look、taste、seem...之后。①Myfatherisaprofessor.②Isityours?③Theweatherhasturnedcold.④Timeisup.Theclassisover.⑤Threetimessevenistwentyone.⑥Themeetingisofgreatimportance.⑦HisjobistoteachEnglish.⑧Hishobbyisplayingfootball.⑨Thestoryismoving.⑩Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子表語？_______________________________________________________________八、同位語appositive“同等地位”;是對句子中的主語、賓語、表語等成分作進一步解釋說明的句子成分。①Thisismynewfriend,YaoYao.②Weeachhaveamobilephonenow.③Theytwowantedtogowithus,too.④Thenewsthathediedshockedus.思考：哪些詞可以充當(dāng)句子同位語？_______________________________________________________________Part2:Exercises一、補全表格.句子成分意義、特征充當(dāng)詞類例句主語謂語賓語表語定語狀語補足語同位語指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。1．WeallstudyhardatEnglish.2．Bettylikeshernewbikeverymuch.3．Mybrotherisapoliceman.4．Wereyouathomelastnight?5．Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.6．Heoftenwalksinthepark.7．Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.8．Heboughtmeanicepresentlastweek.9．Hisparentsaredoctors.10．I’llgetyousometeanow.11．Mymot