句子成分分析及句型

句子的構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的詞性：名詞nounsn代詞eralnum形容詞adjectiveadj或a副詞adverbadv動(dòng)詞verbv冠詞articleart虛詞介詞prepositionprep連詞conjunctionconj助詞auiliaryau句子成分主語(yǔ)subject謂語(yǔ)ent定語(yǔ)attribute狀語(yǔ)adverbial（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因……）同位語(yǔ)appositive表語(yǔ)predicative1ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)㈠主語(yǔ)JaneisgoodatoingisbadforhealthTheyoungshouldrespecttheoldWhathehassaidistrue主語(yǔ):可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞,主格代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞等等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。名詞主格代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞the形容詞句子㈡謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ):簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成,一般在主語(yǔ)之后。Isawtheflagonthetoewor1Thesunrose2Whocares3Whathesaiddoesnotmatter4Theytaledforhalfanhour5Whonowstheanswer6Hehasrefusedtohel7Heenjoysreading8Hesaid"Goodmorning"●Iliemyjob●Iloveyou●Hewantedtoleavehere●Theyenjoyedes●Heasedwherehewas（三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂語(yǔ)后面賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人Hegavemesomeboos↓間接賓語(yǔ)↓直接賓語(yǔ)●etheboo●Heboughtmesomeflowers四賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。IfoundtheboointerestingDoyouhearTomsingingHemadehimselfunderstoodSheasedmetolendherahandaeyourselfathomeusteepitasecret形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語(yǔ)副詞名詞五定語(yǔ)HeisacleverboyTheyarebuildingastonebridgeThereare54studentsinourclassDoyounownBetty’ssisterHeboughtsomesleeetafriendonmywayhome形容詞名詞數(shù)詞名詞的所有格動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞副詞ThegirlinredishissisterWehavealotofwortodoThegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughterDoyounowthemanwhospoejustnowThereisnothinginterestinginthisboo（六）狀語(yǔ)用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或句子可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等IwillbebacinawhileTheyareissedthetrainIwaitedtoseeyouHeoftenwenttoschoolbybusHiseslatetoschoolHewentHewentthereHewentthereyesterdayHewenttheretoseehismotheryesterdayHewenttheretoseehismotherbybieyesterday（七）表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:Be動(dòng)詞am,is,are感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste,loo變化系動(dòng)詞become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞seem,eeain,stay,appearThewarwasoverTheyseemtonowthetruthTimeisnotquitemyselftodayWhowasthefirstHeisoutofconditionThebooiswhatIneedTheappletastesgood八、同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí),一個(gè)句子成分用來(lái)說(shuō)明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分,這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語(yǔ)。Westudentsshouldstudyhardstudents是we的同位語(yǔ),都是指同一批“學(xué)生”Weallarestudentsall是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同樣的“我們”句子分類簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）:TomandMieareAmericanboysSheliesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。五大基本句型一:ＳＶ主＋謂二:ＳＶＰ主＋系＋表三:ＳＶＯ主＋謂＋賓四:ＳＶｏＯ主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓五:ＳＶＯＣ主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)基本句型一:ＳＶ主＋謂謂語(yǔ):不及物動(dòng)詞vi沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如:WecomeＳ│Ｖ不及物動(dòng)詞1Thesunrose2Whocares3Whathesaiddoesnotmatter4Theytaledforhalfanhour5Theoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ是系動(dòng)詞│Ｐ表語(yǔ)1ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary2Thedinnersmellsgood3Hefellinlove4Everythingloosdifferent5Heisgrowingtallandstrong6Ourwellhasgonedry7Hisfaceturnedred基本句型三:ＳＶＯ主＋謂＋賓此句型的特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ及物動(dòng)詞│Ｏ賓語(yǔ)1Who│nows│theanswer2He│hasrefused│tohel3He│enjoys│reading4He│said│“Goodmorning”5He│admits│thathewasmistaen基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),eggive/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人間接賓語(yǔ);一個(gè)指物直接賓語(yǔ)。--Givemeacuepleasegivesbsth=givesthtosbＳ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人│Ｏ多指物Sheorderedherselfanewdress2Hebroughtyouadictionary3Ishowedhimmythatthebuswaslate5Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)此句型的特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等。ThewarmadehimasoldierNewmethodsmaethejobeasyIoftenfindhimatworTheteacherasthestudentstoclosethewindowsIsawacatrunningacrosstheroad名詞形容詞介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞Ｓ│Ｖ及物│Ｏ賓語(yǔ)│Ｃ賓補(bǔ)1Theyebacsoon5IsawthemgettingonthebusaＳＶbＳＶＰcＳＶＯdＳＶｏＯeＳＶＯＣ1iled______3Hisjobistotrainswimmers_____4Henoticedamanentertheroom_____5Pleaselooatthepicture_____dabecEercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)YouareastudentHefelthaademehaesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwellAfterhefinishedhishomewor,hewentawayHeliesusic劃分句子成分Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschoolButasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareoefivemonthsago,Ihaeentirelyintheirpowerwilltell（your）friendthatyou’vegottoschool2But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareoefivemonthsago],Ihaeintheirpower主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間賓定語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)一挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomewor②anynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill二挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow--Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject三挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)1Whatisyourgivenname2Iamafraidsomeandownstairswastryingtosleewaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!四挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Sheliesthechildrentorea