Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language 課件【知識精講精研】高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATIONLearningAboutLanguageBuildupyourvocabularyToconsolidatetheimportantwordsinthetext.Toconsolidatetheimportantchunksinthetext.Therearemanyt_____andlegendsabouthowseamenexploredtheoceansinthepast.Buthowmanyofthemarereliable?Thefactisthattheyneededmultiplewaystokeepsafeafters______sail.Usingnaturetohelpisthefirstandmostusefulformofexploration.ThisincludestheNorthStar,Sunandclouds.Usingtheweather.Experiencedcaptainscouldseetheb_____betweenweatheranddangers.Eithertheywithdrewthefleetsore________theirvoyage.

Usingthesea.Skillfulsailorscouldusetidesandcurrentstocarryshipsbacktotheshoreorpassthroughnarrowc_______.Theseskillshelpedseamenexploretheseasanddiscoverednewlands.Theyneedednotonlytheinstrumentsbutalsocourageandluck.Finishthepassage.talessettingbondsextended

Lead-inchannels1._________animaginarystoryoranexcitingdescriptionofanevent2._________relatedtothekingorqueenofacountry3._________toreachanagreementbydiscussion4._________tostoptakingpartinanactivity5._________tomakesomethinglongerorlarger6._________aconnectionbetweenpeople7._________alevelofquality,ability,etc.8._________adeeppassageofwaterusedasarouteforshipsWritedownthewordthatmatcheseachdefinition.taleroyalnegotiateextendbondwithdrawleaguechannelWhatbondsdoyouthinkcanbestrengthenedbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldintheBeltandRoadInitiative?Whatbenefitcanbegotfromnegotiatingtradedeals?Moreawarenessofeachother’scultures,introductionofnewspecies,enhancingfriendship,etc.Choosetheappropriatewordsfromabovetocompletethefollowingsentences.1.Theircommonexperiencecreatedastrong______betweenthem.2.AsamajorfigureinBritishpolitics,Churchillwasina________ofhisown.3.Thedeadlinehasbeen_________bytwodays.4.Iamreadingabookaboutfolk______andancientlegends.bondleagueextendedtalesCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthephrasesinthebox.1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganything__________.2.LastsummerwevisitedanislandintheIndianOcean,whoserockycoastlineandlonggoldenbeacheswere________________.3.Thetennisplayer______________severaltournamentsduetoinjury.4.Withlotsoffoodanddrink_________,theysetofffortheirpicnic.inreturn

asighttobehold

asighttobeholdinhandwithdrawfrominreturnwithdrewfrom

inhandCompletethepassagebelowwiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.findone’swayboredomreachoutacrosstheseasetsailformthefoundationtalemotivateIn1519,FerdinandMagellan,aPortugueseadventurer,madethefirstvoyagearoundtheworld.On14June2008,nearly500yearslater,a16-year-oldAmericanboy,ZacSunderland,________onasimilarjourney.After13months,hereturnedwithanewworldrecord:theyoungestpersonevertosailaroundtheworld.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosailwhenhewasfour,which____________________ofhissuccess.Asachild,ZacreadabookaboutRobinLeeGrahamwhohadsailedaroundtheworldaloneasateenagerin1965.ZacwasgreatlyinspiredbyGraham’s

_____.Afterhis16thbirthday,Zacstartedmakingplansforhisjourney.Usinghisownmoney,Zacboughtaboatandsetoff.________________________isoftenamixtureofdangerand________.Zachadto_____________throughheavystormsandgetbyonlittlesleeponhisjourney.Itwasboringtostayonaboatallday,soZacreadlotsofbooks!Healsoemailedhisfamilyusinghislaptop,tellingthemabouthisexperiencesaroundtheworld.Whenthejourneyended,Zac’sadventurereceivedwidespreadmediacoverage.Athispressconference,hetalkedabouthowpassionandcouragemadehisdreamcometrue.Inhisopinion,there’ssomuchthatpeoplecanachievewiththeright___________andambition.Justgoforit!setsailformedthefoundation

taleReachingoutacrosstheseaboredom

findhiswaymotivationAnswerthequestions:1)WhatproblemsdidZacmeetinhisjourney?2)WhatmadeZac’sjouneysuccessful?3)Comparedtothegreatvoyagesinhistory,isZac’svoyagemeaningful?Why?Zachadtofindhiswayinthestormandhadlittlesleepduringthejourney.Hislifeexperienceofgrowinguponaboatandlearningtosailwhenhewasveryyoungmadehimsuccessful.Yes.Hisvoyagegaveusgreatencouragement.Aslongasyouhaveambitionandgoal,trytodoit.1.HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofession

tohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.professionn.ajobthatneedsahighlevelofeducationandtraining

職業(yè);行業(yè)

egHelefttheteaching

profession

in1965tosetuphisownbusiness.搭配enter/gointo/joinaprofession從事某一職業(yè)byprofession在職業(yè)上；就職業(yè)來說拓展professionaladj.職業(yè)的【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子1)Myfatherwasanengineer____profession.2)Heisamanofintegrityandhigh___________(profession)competence.3)Allnursesareawareofthatpointbeforethey_______________theprofession.byprofessionalenter/gointo/join2.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosailwhenhewasfour,whichformedthefoundationofhissuccess.Zacgrewuponaboatandlearnthowtosail是主句,when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句,which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,howtosail是“疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作learnt的賓語。拓展

1)“疑問詞+不定式”在句子中主要用作賓語,有時也可用作主語或表語等。egWhentosetouthasnotbeendecidedyet.(作主語)

何時動身尚未決定。Theproblemishowtocarryouttheplan.(作表語)

問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個計劃。(2)不能用“whytodo”結(jié)構(gòu)【誤】Heexplainedtomewhytobelate.【正】Heexplainedtomewhyhewaslate.

他向我解釋了他為什么遲到。注意:可以說Whydosth?或Whynotdosth?egWhynotgo

climbingMountTaiattheweekend?

周末去爬泰山好嗎?

Whygetupset

justbecauseyougotabadmark?

何必因?yàn)闆]有考好就不安呢?(3)動詞know,show,discover,see,explain,findout等之后通常不宜直接跟不定式,但可跟“疑問詞+不定式”?！菊`】Idon’tknowtousethisdishwasher.【正】Idon’tknowhowtousethisdishwasher.

我不知道這臺洗碗機(jī)怎么用。【語境應(yīng)用】1)我有幾條如何保護(hù)環(huán)境的建議。Ihavesomesuggestionson______________ourenvironment.2)我不知道該從哪里開始做我的項(xiàng)目。

Iamnotsure______________withmyproject.howtoprotectwheretostart1.Themotherdidn’tknow______to

blameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.

A.who

B.when

C.how

D.what2.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.

A.itwhattodowith

B.whattodoitwith

C.whattodowithit

D.todowhatwithit【高考真題】AC1.此結(jié)構(gòu)的由來“疑問詞+todo(sth.)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)是由“疑問詞+從句”演變而來的。例如：

Wedon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.

→Wedon’tknowwhattodonext.

我們不知道下一步該做什么。

Theyhaven’tdecidedwhentheywillbuildtherailway.→Theyhaven’tdecidedwhentobuildtherailway.

他們還沒有決定什么時候建那條鐵路。

Theproblemishowweshallgothere.

→The

problemishowtogothere.

問題是我們?nèi)绾稳ツ抢铩?/p>

注意：“疑問詞+從句”能簡化成“疑問詞+to

do(sth)”的前提是:從句表示的是將要發(fā)生的事情?！耙蓡栐~+todo(sth.)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作多種成分，現(xiàn)分述如下：1.作主語

Wheretoholdthemeetingisnotknown

yet.

在哪里開會還不知道呢。

Ithasnotyetbeendecidedwhethertoset

upaHopeSchoolhere.

是否在這里建一所希望學(xué)校還沒有決定。2.作賓語

Thereweresomanymagazinesinthereading-roomthatIdidn’tknowwhichtoborrow.閱覽室有那么多雜志，以致于我不知道該借哪一本。Haveyoudecidedwheretoholdyourbirthdayparty?你決定在哪里舉行你的生日聚會了嗎？Iamthinkingofhowtocarryouttheplan.我在考慮如何實(shí)施這個計劃。3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語

CanyoutellmehowtolearnEnglishwell?

你能告訴我，怎么學(xué)好英語嗎？

LiLeiwilladviseyouwhethertoacceptthe

job.

你是否該接受這份工作，李雷會向你提出建議的。4.

作表語

Theproblemiswho/whomtoaskfor

help.

問題是(我們)該請誰幫忙。

Thequestioniswhosebiketoborrow,Tom’sorJack’s?

問題是該借誰的自行車，湯姆的還是杰克的?5.作同位語

Shehadnoideahowtohelptheoldman.

她不知道該如何去幫助那位老人。

Thequestionwhethertoborrowmoneyfrom

thebanktroubledMr.White.

是否從銀行借錢這一問題使懷特先生很煩惱。6.作定語(注:以下兩句中的which是關(guān)系代詞。)

Dellahadonly$1.87withwhichtobuy

Jimapresent.

德拉僅有1.87美元來為吉姆買一件禮物。

Youhaveanumberoftopiesfromwhichto

choose.

你有許多題目可以從中選擇。UNIT3

SEAEXPLORATIONReviewUsefulStructuresToreviewinfinitivesanddosomeexercises.1Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject(S)主語 2Asthepredicative(P)表語3Astheobject(O)賓語 4Astheobjectcomplement(OC)賓補(bǔ)5Astheattributive(Attr)定語 6Astheadverbial(Ad)狀語SuggestedAnswers:Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionfor...MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.(S)(OC)(Ad)

(Attr)Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationand...Tradinghasgrowngreatly...,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.

...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange....therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore....ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic....thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects....theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.

(P)(Attr)(O)(O;Attr)(S)(Attr)(Attr;Ad)(Attr;Attr;OC)動詞不定式主動被動用法一般式todotobedone表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時發(fā)生的動作完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作進(jìn)行式tobedoing/表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前一直進(jìn)行的動作不定式的構(gòu)成與形式不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，在句中可以作除謂語以外的其他成分，如主語、賓語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、定語、狀語等。e.g.Tosayisonething;todoisanother.

Hewantstoknowhismother’ssecret.

Mydreamistowriteabookaboutmylife.

Theprofessoraskedherassistanttomakeadetailedplan.

ThebestplacetovisitinMayismyhometown.

Ireturnedhomeonlytofindshehadleft.不定式的用法不定式作主語和賓語常跟不定式作賓語的動詞：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wish當(dāng)主語較長、謂語較短時，常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。

e.g.Itwaswiseofyoutorefusehisinvitation.有些動詞既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，但意義有所區(qū)別。這類動詞有remember,forget,regret,try,mean等。

remember/forget/regrettodo

remember/forget/regretdoing

trytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoinge.g.I’msorrytohavedonethat.Ididn’tmeantobesorude.

Thatdoesn’tmeanreadingittooslowly.記得/忘記/遺憾要做某事記得/忘記/懊悔做過某事設(shè)法做某事試著做某事打算、意欲做某事

意味著……不同意義和用法need/want(想要)todosth.need/want(需要)/require(需要)+doing=need/want(需要)/require(需要)+tobedone

(v.-ing主動形式表被動意義)這三個詞need,want,require既可跟不定式，又可跟v.-ing形式作賓語，但意義和用法不同。e.g.Theplantsandflowerswant/need/requirewateringonceaweek.

Theplantsandflowerswant/needtobewateredonceaweek.被only,last,next以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。

e.g.Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.

HenrywasthefirstpilottoflyacrosstheAtlantic.

Tommyisthemostsuitablemantodothejob.有些名詞后面常接不定式作定語，如ability,chance,desire,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,plan,promise,pressure,right,time,way等。e.g.Aftermonthsofunemployment,whatheaskedforwasachancetoearnhisbread.不定式作定語不定式作狀語不定式作狀語，常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。e.g.Thefamilyweregladtoseetheirchildrentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.

Tocatchthefirstbus,Igotupatfivethismorning．Ijumpedwithjoytohearwhathesaid.不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常用于“only+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的結(jié)果。

e.g.Anoldfriendofminecametosee

meyesterdaynight.Alanliftedarockonlytofindthattherewasnothingunderit.不定式作補(bǔ)語advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon跟不定式作補(bǔ)語的動詞及動詞詞組：e.g.Iwasinterestedinastronomyandtheteacheraskedmetogiveasimplepresentationtotheclass.

We’retryingto

persuade

manufacturerstosellthematareasonableprice.感官動詞和使役動詞后常接省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式to不能省略。

e.g.SomeonesawMaryandSmithenter

thebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.

MaryandSmithwereseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim_______(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021年全國乙卷)2.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.(2021年6月浙江卷)3.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新課標(biāo)全國卷I)4.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_______(find)thewell-knownpainter.(2020新課標(biāo)全國卷III)5.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_______(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020年新課標(biāo)全國卷II)tohave

toplanttofindtofindtocare2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition2.Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser3.Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworldHeencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.

Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.(OC)

(P)(Attr)4.TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts5.Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchworkTheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.

Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

(O)

(Ad)6.Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless7.TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater8.Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsule

canworkItisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.

TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.

Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.(S)

(O;O)(O)3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Faroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep___________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsandunderthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare______(see)themostuniqueflowersandplants________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.

InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof________(form)ofbeautifulshells.

Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses_______(play)alldaylongis___________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls,feedingandtouchingthefish__________(swim)uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem____________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who

…tomeasuretoseedancingformedtohave

beentoplayswimming

/toswimswimmingnottoworrySuggestedanswer:...whowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstow