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Ellipsis在英語中,為了避免重復而省去某些重復的部分,這種現象叫省略。如:
Begyoupardon.
Soundslikeagoodidea.
(I
)Begyoupardon.
(It)
Soundslikeagoodidea..定義一簡單句中的省略
1、省略主語祈使句中主語通常省略
Doesn’tmatter.
(
It)doesn’tmatter.
(
It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分。如:
(省略主語和謂語)
What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?
Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略表語。
–Areyouthirsty?–
Yes,Iam.
Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同時省略幾個成分
Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同時省略主、謂語
–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?
–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.(省略相同的謂語動詞)1、兩個并列句中,后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。
Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的謂語動詞二并列句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略,如:
Sorrytohearyouareill.
Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三復合句中的省略
-AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?
-Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.
-Tommustbefreetoday.
-Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not來代替
-Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?
-Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.這種用法常見的有:Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose
/believe
/hopenot.Whynot?等等。
Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.賓語從句中的省略賓語從句中常省略連詞that,但當有兩個并列的賓語從句時,第二個that則不能省略。
Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)3.定語從句中的省略在定語從句中,that,which,who在從句中作賓語時可省略。
Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which)
Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)4.狀語從句中的省略在以when,while,once引導的時間狀語從句及以if,unless引導的條件狀語從句中和though,although引導的讓步狀語從句中,如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語指同一對象,且從句中含有be動詞時,從句中可省去“主語+be”部分。
Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.
Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.he
Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewas
Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heis
Unlessinvited,hewon’tcome.
Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.he
Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis
Whiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe動詞不定式中為了避免重復,省去與前面出現的相同部分,只保留to,但如果在省略的不定式結構中含有be,have,havebeen時,要保留這些詞。
–Areyougoingthere?–
Yes,I’dliketo.
Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.(gothere).(givemethechance).四不定式中的省略在下列詞后常省略不定式但要保留‘to’:wantwishlikehatehopeintendplanloverefuseexpectAttention!使役動詞及感官動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復原。
InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.
Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.to
X
這類使役動詞及感官動詞主要有一“感”:二“聽”:三“讓”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee在以if引導的非真實條件句中若含有were,had,should時,??梢允÷詉f而將were,had,should置于句首。
WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.Were
HadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Had
Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虛擬條件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.
Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建議、許可”或“禁止”等意義的名詞性從句中使用“should+動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的,should常可以省略。如:
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)
Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)
It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)PracticeExercisesaboutEllipsis.Discoveringusefulstructures3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P37
2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)
(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1)
Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.
Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.
P374.
2)
ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.
Thefirstbook
(that)
Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond
(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.
Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan
(shewas)
expected
(todo).
4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.
Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave
(returnedfromthehospital).
5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.
Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t
(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).
6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.
Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto
(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).I.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A.
don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5)----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----________.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,Iwon’thaveC.Yes,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill
7)----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----______?A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’tso8)----Haveyoufedthecat?----No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingtoII.單項選擇1.---Iwon’tdoitanymore.----_______?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although____tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.---Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?----Certainly_______.A.InotB.don’tC.notD.no√√√4.----Marydidn’tattendthelecture,didshe?----Yes,she_______.A.attendedB.didn’tattendC.didn’tD.did5.---What’sJohndoing?---_______newspapersintheroom.A.ShereadingB.ShereadsC.ToreadD.Reading6._______alwayssucceed.A.Honestandcleverstudents B.StudentswhohonestandcleverC.Honeststudentsandclever D.Studentsarehonestandclever√√√7.---Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?---_______?A.I B.Myself C.Mine D.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_______supportit.A.anymore B.manymore C.muchmore D.nomore9.---I’llbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.________.A.I’venotime B.I’drathernot C.I’dliketoD.I’dbehappyto√√√10.---Whynotgoandhaveadinnerinarestaurant?---________.It’stooexpensive.A.Whynot B.Iagree C.I’mafraidnot D.I’msure11.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.If B.Unless C.Had D.When12.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---_____herbicycle.Asshelost B.LostC.Becauseoflosing D.Losing√√√II.下列各句均有一處錯誤,請指出并改正。1.Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedto.2.WhenIintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.3. Tompick
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