詩(shī)的特點(diǎn)介紹(英文)

I.Poetryisoneofthethreemajortypesofliterature,theothersbeingproseanddrama.Mostpoemsmakeuseofhighlyconcise,musical,andemotionallychargedlanguage.Manyalsomakeuseofimagery,figurativelanguage,andspecialdevicesofsoundsuchasrhyme.Poemsareoftendividedintolinesandstanzasandoftenemployregularrhythmicalpatterns,ormeters.However,somepoemsarewrittenoutjustlikeprose,andsomearewritteninfreeverse.

ORALTRADITIONisthepassingofsongs,stories,andpoemsfromgenerationtogenerationbywordofmouth.

SOMETYPESOFPOETRY

1.ACONCRETEPOEMisonewitha

shapethatsuggestsitssubject.(Seehandout)WilliamBurford's“AChristmasTree”isaconcretepoem:

Star,

Ifyouare

ALovecompassionate,Youwillwalkwithusthisyear.

Wefaceaglacialdistance,whoarehereHuddl'dAtyourfeet.

Thelinesofthepoemappearonthepageinashapeofatree,andthewordsstarandatyourfeetappearinappropriatepositions,atthetopandbottom.

2.DRAMATICPOETRYispoetrythatinvolvesthetechniquesofdrama.

a.AMONOLOGUEisaspeech

byonecharacterinaplay,story,orpoem.

AnEPIGRAMisashortpoemwithasinglepoint,usuallytwotofourlineslong,butsometimesmore.Thewordliterallymeans“inscription”andtheyoriginallywereinscribedontombs.

FREEVERSEispoetrynotwritteninaregularrhythmicalpattern,ormeter.Freeverseseekstocapturetherhythmsofspeech.

TheHAIKUisathree-lineJapanese

verseform.Ahaikuseekstoconveyasinglevividemotionbymeansofimages from

nature. Eachlinehas

acertainamountofsyllables.Line 1

5

Line

Line3

6.LYRICPOETRYisahighlymusicalversethatexpressestheobservationsandfeelingsofasinglespeaker.Theywereatonetimesung,butnottoday.Theystillhaveamusicalqualitythatisachievedthroughrhythmandotherdevicessuchasalliterationandrhyme.

ASONNETisa14linelyricpoem,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter.

i.TheSHAKESPEARE

AN(ENGLISH)sonnetconsistsofthreequatrains(four-linestanzas)andacouplet(twolines),usuallyrhymingababcdcdefefgg.Thecoupletusuallycommentsontheideascontainedintheprecedingtwelvelines.Thesonnetisusuallynotprintedwithstanzasdivided,butareadercanseedistinctideasineach.

ii.ThePETRARCHAN(ITALIAN)sonnetconsistsofanoctave(eightlinestanza)andasestet(six-linestanza).Oftentheoctave

rhymesabbaabbaandthesestetrhymescdecde.Theoctavestatesathemeorasksaquestion.Thesestetcommentsonoranswersaquestion.

7.ANARRATIVEPOEMisonethattellsastory.

SPEAKERistheimaginaryvoiceassumedbythewriterofapoem.Inmanypoemsthespeakerisnotidentifiedbyname.Whenreadingapoem,rememberthatthespeakerandthepoetarenotthesameperson,notmorethananactoristheplaywright.Thespeakerwithinthepoemmaybeaperson,ananimal,athing,oranabstraction.

STRUCTUREOFPOETRY

BLANKVERSEispoetrywritteninunrhymediambicpentameterlines.ThisverseformwaswidelyusedbyElizabethandramatistslikeWilliamShakespeare.

AREFRAINisarepeatedlineorgroupoflinesinapoemorsong.

ASTANZAisaformaldivisionoflinesinapoem,consideredasaunit.Oftenthestanzasinapoemareseparatedbyspaces.Stanzasaresometimesnamedaccordingtothenumberoflinesfoundinthem.

2lines couplet

3lines tercet

4lines quatrain

5lines cinquain

6lines sestet

7lines heptastich

8lines octave

4.METERofapoemisitsrhythmicalpattern.Thispatternisdeterminedbythenumberandtypesofstresses,orbeats,ineachline.

SOUNDDEVICES

ALLITERATIONistherepetitionofinitialconsonantsounds.Writersusealliterationtogiveemphasistowords,toimitatesounds,andtocreatemusicaleffects.

“Therewillcosmoeftrainsandthesmellofthegroundandswallowscirclingwiththeirshimmeringsound;

?? ?丫??

ii.ASSONANCEistherepetitionofvowelsoundsfollowedbydifferentconsonantsintwoormoresyllables.

1.“weakandweary”in“TheRaven”iii?CONSONANCEistherepetitionintwoormorewordsoffinalconsonantsinstressedsyllables?

1?“add-read”

iv?DIALECTistheformofalanguagespokenbypeopleinaparticularregionorgroup?Pronunciation,vocabulary,andsentencestructureareaffectedbydialect?

v.ONOMATOPOEIAistheuseofwordsthatimitatesounds.Whirr,thud,sizzle,buzz,andhissaretypicalexamples.

REPETITIONistheuse,morethanonce,ofanyelementoflanguage一asound,aword,aphrase,aclause,orasentence.Poetsusemanykindsofrepetition.Alliteration,assonance,rhyme,andrhythmarerepetitionsofcertainsoundsandsoundpatterns.

REFRAINisarepeatedlineorgroup

oflines.

RHYMEistherepetitionofsoundsattheendsofwords.

1.Endrhymeoccurswhentherhymingwordscomeattheendoflines.

2.Internalrhymeoccurswhentherhymingwordsappearinthesameline.

RHYMESCHEMEisaregularpatternofrhymingwordsinapoem.Therhymeschemeofapoemisindicatedbyusingdifferentlettersofthealphabetforeachnewrhyme.

RHYTHMisthepatternofbeats,orstresses,inspokenorwrittenlanguage.Somepoemshaveaveryspecificpattern,ormeter,whereasproseandfreeverseusethenaturalrhythmsofeverydayspeech.

WAYSTOMEANINGi.LITERALLANGUAGEuseswordsintheirordinarysenses.Itistheoppositeoffigurativelanguage.

ii?FIGURATIVELANGUAGEiswritingorspeechnotmeanttobeinterpretedliterally.

SIMILEuses“l(fā)ikeoras”tomakeacomparison

Betweentwounlikeideas

JimisasfastasRicknota

simile

Jimrunslikeadeer simile

METAPHORonethingisspokenofasthoughitweresomethingelse.

DOESNOTUSELIK