語法填空應(yīng)對(duì)策略(無提示詞)(原卷版)2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)小題大題微技能精析精練(新高考版)

20語法填空應(yīng)對(duì)策略(無提示詞)【策略精析】策略回顧1：如何確定填何種冠詞1.用定冠詞the的?？键c(diǎn)(1)特指某人或某事；(2)用在序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)前或用于only，very，same等詞前；(3)用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西及某些專有名詞前；(4)用在樂器名詞前；(5)和形容詞、過去分詞連用，表示一類人或事物。(6)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。2.用不定冠詞a/an的?？键c(diǎn)(1)泛指一類人與物，表示概念“一”；(2)在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。3.固定搭配或抽象名詞具體化的名詞前填冠詞(1)定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：atthesametime，onthecontrary，totellthetruth，inthedistance，makethemost/bestof，onthespot等。(2)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：catchacold，haveafever，allofasudden，asamatteroffact，asaresult，haveagiftfor，makealiving，have/takearest，givesbalift，haveagoodknowledgeof等。(3)動(dòng)詞(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介詞＋the＋身體部位(4)抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉降挠校簊urprise，pleasure，fort，danger，success，failure，beauty等?！镜淅治?】(2020全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theplumtreesare70.____________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.答案the[句意：雪還在融化時(shí)，梅花是第一個(gè)開花的。這里表示特指，所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞the。]【典例分析2】(2020浙江7月卷)Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，with64.____________riseofscience，changesbegan.答案the[根據(jù)空后的riseofscience可知，此處是名詞的限定性修飾，語意表示“科學(xué)的興起”，故填定冠詞the，表示特指。]【典例分析3】(2020浙江1月卷)AchildbornintheUstodayhas63.____________veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccording.答案a[根據(jù)下文的chance可知，這里語意表示“非常實(shí)際的一個(gè)可能性”，故填不定冠詞，表示泛指。]【典例分析4】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Of69.____________nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，six70.are(be)stable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.答案the[此處特指確認(rèn)的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群，故用定冠詞the。]【典例分析5】(2019浙江6月卷)Everybodywears57.____________samestyleofclothes.答案the[此處特指校服的款式相同，thesame...“相同的……”。]【典例分析6】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall68.saying(say)shewasshort－listed，wethoughtitwas69.____________joke.答案a[joke“笑話，玩笑”，是可數(shù)名詞?？崭窈笥昧藛螖?shù)joke，故其前用a。]策略回顧：如何確定填何種介詞1.介詞多義看語境(1)in表示情況、狀態(tài)，意為“處在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意為“以，用”；表示服飾，意為“穿著，戴著”；表示范圍、領(lǐng)域，意為“在……方面”。(2)with表示狀態(tài)，意為“帶有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意為“以，用”；表示關(guān)系，意為“和……在一起”；表示伴隨，意為“隨著”；表示原因，意為“因?yàn)?，由于”?3)by用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示“被，由”；表示“用，靠，憑借”；表示乘用交通工具。(4)for表示方向，意為“往，向”；表示對(duì)象，用途等，意為“為，給”；表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量等，意為“計(jì)，達(dá)”；表示原因，意為“因?yàn)?，由于”?5)through表示位置，意為“穿過”；表示時(shí)間，意為“整個(gè)……”；表示手段、媒介，意為“依據(jù)，經(jīng)由”。2.依據(jù)句式和搭配填介詞(1)與動(dòng)詞搭配，如：remindsbofsth“提醒某人某事”；robsbofsth“搶劫某人某物”；gobackto/datefrom“追溯至……”；exchange...for...“交換……”(2)與名詞或代詞搭配，如：byaccident“偶然”；byoneself“靠自己”(3)與形容詞搭配，如：becuriousabout“對(duì)……感到好奇”；beproudof“因……而自豪”【典例分析1】(2020全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist70.____________earth，MotherNature.答案on[onearth在世上。]【典例分析2】(2020新高考卷Ⅰ)Museumsmustpete45.____________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.答案for[根據(jù)語境可知，此處表達(dá)的是“為了人們的空閑時(shí)間和金錢與其他的娛樂活動(dòng)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，petefor“為……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故應(yīng)用介詞for。]【典例分析3】(2020浙江7月卷)Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56.____________，throughagriculture.答案in[livein是固定詞組，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]【典例分析4】(2020浙江1月卷)Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59.____________twofactors.答案by[空處位于表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后，故應(yīng)該填by。]【典例分析5】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Modernmethods63.____________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s.答案of/for[methodsof/fordoingsth做某事的方法，故填of/for。]【典例分析6】(2018浙江6月卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem，thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome65.____________dinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.答案for[gotosomeplacefordinner“去某個(gè)地方吃飯”。介詞for在此表示目的。]策略回顧3：如何確定填何種代詞1.常見考法(1)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞，并且空處作主語，可根據(jù)代指的情況用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞，并且空處作賓語，可根據(jù)代指的情況用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并且空處作主語，填they。(4)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并且空處作賓語，填them。2.it的用法(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。(2)代替上文提到過的事物。(3)代替性別不明的嬰兒、動(dòng)物或不確定的某個(gè)人。(4)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句形式主語或形式賓語。(5)it的常用固定句型Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分＋that＋其他It＋be＋adj.＋of/forsbtodosthItisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsthItisapity/afact/nowonder/adj.＋that...Itseems/appears/turnsout/occurstosb＋that...Itissaid/reported/believed...＋that...Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋todosth/that...主語＋like/hate/love/appreciate...＋it＋從句【典例分析1】(2018浙江6月卷)Manywesterners57.whoetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap58.____________canbetoeatout.答案it[考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用it作形式主語，真正的主語是toeatout。]【典例分析2】(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25，000peoplewereusing67.____________everyday.答案it[指代前句中的therailway，故填it。]策略回顧4：如何確定填連詞或引導(dǎo)詞1.關(guān)系分析法分析設(shè)空前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關(guān)系，確定用哪個(gè)連詞。(1)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有：and，both...and...，notonly...but(also)．..等。(2)表示選擇關(guān)系的有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有：but，while等。(4)表示因果關(guān)系的有：so，for等。IwasgladtomeetJennyagain，butIdidn’twanttospendalldaywithher.很高興又見到詹妮了，但是我不想花一整天的時(shí)間和她在一起。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，foritiswetallover.昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈教幎歼@么濕。2.句型法(1)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(beabouttodo...when...,bedoing...when...,beonthepointofdoing...when...,hadjustdone...when...))Pleasesenduspostcardsandwe’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.請(qǐng)給我們寄些明信片，我們好知道你到過哪里。Wewerehavingaheateddiscussionwhentherewasafailurepower.我們正在熱烈地討論，突然停電了?！镜淅治?】(2020新高考卷Ⅰ)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37.____________untiltheydied，andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.答案or[句意：他們把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世，然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知，前后陳述的是兩種可能性，應(yīng)使用連詞or“或者”。故填or。]【典例分析2】(2020浙江1月卷)It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65._________________moreproductiveforlonger.答案and[結(jié)合句意可知，healthier和moreproductive構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，故填and。]【典例分析3】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)IworknotbecauseIhaveto，67.____________becauseIwantto.答案but[not...but...“不是……而是……”。句意：我工作不是因?yàn)槲冶仨毠ぷ鳎且驗(yàn)槲蚁牍ぷ?。]3.定語從句:確定關(guān)系詞設(shè)空處無提示詞，而設(shè)空前的主句完整；設(shè)空后的句子不完整，且對(duì)設(shè)空前的某一名詞或代詞起限定作用，就要考慮填定語從句關(guān)系詞。(1)分清限制與非限制在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)的，是非限制性定語從句。①that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。②which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句可代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。③as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可置句中或句首，意為“正如”。其后的謂語動(dòng)詞多是beseen，beknown，bereported，bementioned，besaid，beoftenthecase等。Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降膯栴}有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek，whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.這個(gè)男孩離家出走一周了，這令他的父母很擔(dān)心。Justasthesayinggoes，“Onetreedoesn’tmakeaforest.”正如諺語所說：“獨(dú)木不成林”。(2)尋找先行詞，判斷屬性(指人還是指物，表時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，還是原因)①先行詞指人：that/who/whom/whose；②先行詞指物：that/which/whose等；③表時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因：when/where/why。Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmakeuseoftheirbooks.一年一度的校園書展目的是為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)平臺(tái)，使學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)交換和利用書籍。(2018浙江6月卷)Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.許多來到中國(guó)的西方人一旦意識(shí)到在外面吃飯多么便宜，他們就會(huì)比在自己國(guó)家做飯少得多。(3)判斷所缺成分，確定關(guān)系詞①缺少主語：that/which/who；②缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語：that/which/who/whom；③缺少介詞的賓語：whom/which；④缺少定語：whose；⑤缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語：分別用when，where，why。Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays，someofwhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.目前，許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)正在丟失，其中有一些正在被現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品所取代。ThereasonwhyIdon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不相信他的理由是他經(jīng)常說謊。(2018天津卷)Kate，whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege，hasgonetoworkinAustralia.凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了，上大學(xué)時(shí)，我和她妹妹住在一個(gè)房間。【典例分析4】(2020全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63.____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.答案where[句意：中國(guó)首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號(hào)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是aspot，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。]【典例分析5】(2020全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist61.____________paintingswerealmostlifelike.答案whose[句意：中國(guó)古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。]【典例分析6】(2020新高考卷Ⅰ)The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，38.formed(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39.____________openedin1759.答案which/that[句意：例如，漢斯斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞是theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。]【典例分析7】(2020北京卷)Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign4.____________theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphone.答案where[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為campaign，空格處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。]【典例分析8】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，62.____________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.答案which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句，thepetshop是先行詞，定語從句中缺少opened的賓語，故用which。]【典例分析9】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64._______________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.答案who/that[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters，且在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who/that。]【典例分析10】(2019浙江6月卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofcloth58.____________givesofflightinthedark.答案that/which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞為apieceofcloth，而且空格處在從句中作主語，所以用that或which來引導(dǎo)。][注意](1)不能忘記“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的使用3規(guī)則構(gòu)成用法介詞(短語)＋which/whom介詞提前時(shí)，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)/不定代詞＋of＋which/whom表示部分與整體的關(guān)系the＋名詞＋of＋which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系，可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”(2)注意并列句和定語從句的區(qū)別[辨析1]①Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontof____________standsanorangetree.②Theyliveinasmallhouse，andinfrontof____________standsanorangetree.答案①which；②it[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞and，句①逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示物，故填which；句②and連接兩個(gè)并列分句，設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的asmallhouse，故填it。][辨析2]①Theoldmanhasthreesons，noneof____________isadoctor.②Theoldmanhasthreesons，butnoneof____________isadoctor.答案①whom；②them[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞but，句①逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示人，故填whom；句②but連接兩個(gè)并列分句，設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的threesons，故填them。]4.名詞性從句：確定名詞性從句的5方向方向1：不缺任何成分，且引導(dǎo)詞無意義，常用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句①Thatyoudidn’tknowtheruleswon’tbeanexcuseforyourfailure.②Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout，hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.方向2：不缺任何成分，且引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否”，常用whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其中if可以用于賓語從句①Heaskedherthequestionwhethertheycanbefriends.②Ididn’tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.方向3：缺少主/賓/表語，用連接代詞(which，what，who等)①Whenyouarereading，makeanoteofwhatyouthinkisofgreatimportance.②Whenopportunityknocks，pleaseanswerthedoor.Don’tkeepaskingwhoitis.方向4：缺少狀語，用連接副詞(where，when，why，how)等①Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.②Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.方向5：it作形式主語或形式賓語的名詞性從句要牢記①Itisannouncedintoday’snewspaperthatthepresidentwillpayavisittoChinanextweek.②IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget－together.【典例分析11】(2020浙江7月卷)Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57.____________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.答案what[根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作on的賓語，由于該賓語從句中缺少主語，同時(shí)空處表示“……的事物”，故填what。]【典例分析12】(2020天津卷改編)Thestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrue____________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.答案what[句意：這個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，使約瑟夫教授所說的變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。此處需要用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]【典例分析13】(2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence61.____________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.答案that[本句含有一個(gè)同位語從句，解釋了名詞evidence“證據(jù)”的具體內(nèi)容，空處在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，也無意義，故本空填連接代詞that。]【典例分析14】(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I’mnotsure61.____________ismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.答案who[句意：我不確定誰受到了更大的驚嚇，是我還是那只不知從何處突然蹦出來的雌性大猩猩。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，表示“誰”，故填who。]【典例分析15】(2018北京卷改編)Thisis____________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.答案what[句意：這就是父親教我的——總是要面對(duì)困難，并且抱最大的希望。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在從句中作taught的賓語，故應(yīng)用what。]【典例分析16】(2017北京卷改編)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree－linedstreet，notknowing____________shewasheading.答案where[句意：簡(jiǎn)在綠樹成蔭的街道上漫無目的地走著，不知道去往哪里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]5.狀語從句：根據(jù)句意及固定句式定引導(dǎo)詞a.句意法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞(1)while/when/as/since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(2)before/after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(3)if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句(4)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(5)when/where引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語從句Whenheknockedatthedoor，Iwasworkingatthetable.當(dāng)他敲門時(shí)，我正在桌旁工作。Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.許多高樓在一年前還全是廢墟的地方拔地而起。Shesaysthatshe’llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.她說她不得不關(guān)閉此商品，除非生意得到改善。b.固定句式法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞(1)連詞before的意義及句型Itwillbe＋一段時(shí)間＋before...表示“多久以后才……”Itwon’tbe＋一段時(shí)間＋before...表示“用不了多久就會(huì)……”Itwon’tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment.要不了多久我們就會(huì)知道試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果了。(2)連詞since的意義及句型Itissometime(一段時(shí)間)＋since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句＝Ithasbeensometime(一段時(shí)間)＋since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。該固定句型意思是“自從……以來已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”Asisreported，itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.據(jù)報(bào)道，清華大學(xué)建校已有一百多年了。(3)whether...or(not)．..“無論……還是……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Whetheryoubelieveitornot，it’strue.無論你是否相信，這都是真的?！镜淅治?7】(2020全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)65．____________heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist，theysmiledand66.pointeddowntheriver.答案When/As[When/As在句中表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。]【典例分析18】(2019天津卷改編)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinion____________hewantstheirsupport.答案unless[句意：湯姆很獨(dú)立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否則他從不征求父母的意見。根據(jù)語境可知，這里用從屬連詞unless“除非”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。]【典例分析19】(2018北京卷改編)____________wedon’tstopclimatechange，manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.答案If[句意：如果我們不能阻止氣候變化，世界上的許多動(dòng)物和植物將會(huì)消失。故用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。]【典例分析20】(2017北京卷改編)Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeople____________youfigureitout.答案until[句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以研究，學(xué)習(xí)，也可以與其他人談?wù)劊钡脚靼诪橹?。until“直到”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。]【策略精講】1閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Mostpeopledreamoflivinginabigexpensivehouse.ButTimSheajustwantedtofindaplace1couldbeehishome.This70yearoldhomelessmanhadspentseveralyearslivingonthestreetsuntilhebecamethefirstresidentofavillagefilled23Dprintedlittlehouses.Sheawaschosentobethefirstperson3(move)intomunityFirstVillage,a51acresiteinAustin,Texas.Thesmallhousesinthevillage,likeShea’s400squarefoothome,werebuiltbytheAustinbasedstartuppanyICON.Lifewasn'teasyforSheabefore4(live)inmunityFirstVillage.HelivedinanRV(野營(yíng)車)formostofhislife.Thismade5(he)stayawayfrompeople.“Ithinkfrommy6(person)experienceofmyformerlifestyle,Idevelopedashell,”Sheasaid.“Ididn'tfeelsecure(安心的)andanytimeIhadtheopportunity，Iwouldhide.”Luckily,7(thing)changedwhenSheagothisnewhouse.Sincethen,hehasbeenmeetingnewpeopleandmakingfriends.“NoweverythingIdo8(be)justtheopposite.Ihavemanyactivitiestodoeverydaywithothers,”Sheasaid.Thehouses9(design)byICONhavesixdifferentlayouts(布局).Sheachoseahomewithanopenfloor.Thisway,10willbeeasierforhimtousehiswheelchair.2MeetAlexa,YourDigitalRoommateWhoisAlexa?SheisadigitalassistantthatispartofthevoiceactivatedEchoDot“smartspeaker”producedbyAmazon.ThisyearSaintLouisUniversityinMissourihasplacedoneofthespeakersineverydormroom

11itscampus.Studentscanaskthevirtualassistantanythingfrom“Whenarethefootballteamsplaying?”to“What’sthesquarerootof1440?”SLUstudentBrendanMcGuiresaid:“InsteadofsearchingontheInternetwhileI12(tap)awayatmyputer,IcanjustaskAlexa:HeyAlexa,askSLUwhat’sthemolecular(分子的)weightofwater?AndIcanhavetheanswerwithout13(interrupt)myprocess.”That’sexactly14schoolofficialshadinmindwhentheydecidedtoprovidethesmartspeakersfreeofchargeforstudents.“Thestudentsweattract15(drive)toachievesuccessinandoutoftheclassroom,”DavidHakanson,SLU’svicepresident,said.“Everyminutewecansaveourstudentsfromhavingtosearchfortheinformationonlineisanotherminute16(mit)totheireducation.’SaintLouisUniversityisthefirstintheU.S.

17(include)anEchoDotsmartspeakerineverycampuslivingspace.Othercollegeshavealsofoundwaystoofferthetechnologytostudents.ThisyearNortheasternUniversityinBostoninstalled60speakersinpublicplaces

18studentscouldgetanswerstomonquestions.AtArizonaStateUniversity,engineeringstudentslivinginthebrandnewresidencehallhavetheoptionofaddinganAmazonEchoDottotheirrooms.“Ourfocusisputtingthistechnologyintothehandsofourstudentsinaway19willbuildanecosystem.20supportsvoicetechnologiesthroughouttheASUcampus,”saidHeredia,adirectoratASU.3閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thissummer,haveyoubeensurprisedbywomenwearinghanfu,orHanstyleclothing,atsubwaystations,shoppingmallsorscenicareas?In2018,theCentralmitteeofthemunistYouthLeagueofChinasetthe21（three）dayofMarchintheChineselunarcalendar,22（traditional）thebirthdayoftheYellowEmperorastheannualTraditionalChineseGarmentDay.Sincethen,23beautyofhanfuhasgainedmoreandmorerecognitionandacceptancebymonpeople.Generally,hanfurefers24traditionalChineseclothingwornbytheHanethnic(民族的)groupbeforetheQingDynasty(1644—1911).Historically,HanChineseclothinghasalsoinfluencedsomeofitsneighboringculturalclothing,25(include)theJapanesekimono,Koreanhanbok,andclothingofMongolia,VietnamandBhutan.Hanfuappearselegantandbeautiful,26isnotonlyduetothethousandsofyearsofculturebehinditsbeautifuldesign,butalsobecauseofitsextraordinarycraftsmanship(工藝)3ndaesthetics(美學(xué)).Hanfuincludesmorethan30

27(example)ofChina'sintangible(非物質(zhì)的)culturalheritageaswellasChineseartsandcraftsunder28(preserve).Hanfu29(represent)anaestheticforlivingandacontinuationoftraditionalChineseculture.Nowadays,moreandmorefashiondesignslooktohanfuforinspiration30(create)theirownbrand.4閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。31（see）fromouterspace,Earthisablueplanet,duetothefactthattheoceancoversover70percentofitssurface.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience,theoceanplaysagreatrolein32（slow）downglobalwarming.Itis“33importantbuffer（緩沖物）”,34TheNewYorkTimesputit.Theoceanscanabsorb93percentoftheheattrappedbythegreenhousegases35humansreleaseintotheatmosphere.Andtheother7percent36（absorb)bytheair,landandicecaps,accordingtotheGuardian.“Iftheoceanwasn’tabsorbingasmuchheat,thesurfaceofthelandwouldheatupmuch37（fast）thanitisrightnow,”saidprofessorMalinL.PinskyatRutgersUniversityintheUS.“Infact,theoceanissavingusfromrapidwarmingrightnow.”However,theoceanitself,asDiscoverMagazinenoted,isheatingup40percentfasteronaveragethantheUnitedNations38（believe）fiveyearsago.Thatmeansiftheoceantemperaturesincrease39thisspeed,thehighwatertemperatures“willkilloffmarineecosystems,raisesea40(level)andmakehurricanesmoredestructive（破壞性的）”,theGuardianreported.5閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry41（grow）morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover42past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis43(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice44(improve)waterquality.Cornuses45(little)waterthanriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased46(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal47(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment48(start)asoiltestingprogram49givesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmersand2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile50(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.6Thisbookisabout51(die),butitisnotpessimistic.Indeed,itwasapleasantsurprise52(find)thatthisbookisfilled53joyandhope.Morrie's54(brave)towardstheendofhislifeisinspirationalandhasmademevaluemyownlifemore.Infact,farfrombeingabookaboutdeath,it'sabookaboutlife.55Morriesays,“Onceyoulearnhowtodie,youlearnhow56(live).”AsMorrieknowsthatheissoongoingtodie,heobserveseverythingasifitisnew.Thethingsaroundhimlookeven57(beautiful)thaneverbeforeandholdnew58(mean).Fromhiswindow,hewatcheseachseasonchange,59(know)itcouldbehislast.Thisencouragesustoappreciate60wehave,andtomakethemostofeachday.7閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。Thecavedwelling(YaodonginChinese)inXi’an,ShaanxiProvince,islaidoutinrowsoneatoptheother,lookinglikebuildingsofmultiplefloorsinthedistance.Itisasortofdistinctivecavehouse61(dig)intothemountainsfordwellingofmanylaboringpeopleontheLoessPlateauinnorthwestChina.Acavehouseisusuallysixmetersdeepandfourmeterswide.Stoneslabs(厚板)62(pile)uptoformasemicircleattheentrance,63isdecoratedwithbeautifulwoodormetalwindowsina64(vary)ofstyles.Thetypesofthecavedwellingcanbedividedintotheearthcavedwelling,brickcavedwelling65stonedwelling.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenregarded66thesymbolofthepeasantsinnorthernpartofShaanxiProvince.Thebeautyaboutthecavedwellingis67theyhelpmaintainlocalgeographyandsaveonfarmlandsby68(make)useofspacethatwouldhavebeenotherwiseleftunused.Theyarewarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Thetemperatureinsideisusually13degreesCelsiushigherthanintheopeninwinterand10degreesCelsius69(low)insummer.Statisticsshowthat40millionpeopleliveincavedwellingsthatarescatteredoveranareaof600,000squarekilometersin70middleandupperreachesoftheYellowRiver.8閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternòfulfilledthedreamofalifetime:He71(get)auniversitydegree.Mr.Paternò’s72(graduate)hasinspirednewsreportsaroundtheworld,partlybecause73hisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofmitment,athemethathasresonated(產(chǎn)生共鳴)asmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefaceextraordinaryuncertaintyduringthecoronaviruspandemic.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildrenina“verypoorfamily”,Mr.Paternòbeganworkingsoonafter74(finish)elementaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretired,inthemid1980s,thathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryprovesthatdreamscanetrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—ifnotinageatleastinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests.”saidRosellaCancila,hisessayadviserand75professorofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathreeyeardegree,76(follow)byatwoyearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternò77(continue)hisstudies.Heisn’tsosure.“Ihavetoadmitthatinthismoment,Idon’tknow78Iwouldhandleitwiththesamespirit.”hesaid,notingthatalltheattentionhadbeenabittiring.Still,Mr.Paternòsaid,hewould79(probable)registeranyway.“Iwanttokeepmy80(choice)open.”9閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SuBingtianofChinasetanewAsianrecordwhenheclocked9.83secondsinthemen's100metersprint（短跑）semifinalatthe2020TokyoSummerOlympics.Thoughheonlyrankedsixthinthefinal,herecordeda81（respect）9.98seconds.0.18secondsbehindthewinnerLamontMarcellJacobsofItaly.Besides82（set）theshortesttimerecordforAsia,SuisalsothefirstChinese83（make）ittothemen's100meterOlympicfinal.Hehasdoneremarkablywell.Consideringthatat32,heismucholderthanhis84（petitor）whoaremostlyin85（they）20sorevenyounger.Also,his172centimeterheightisnot86onewouldcalladreamheightforasprinter.ThespiritandmottoofOlympicsinspiredSu87（true）,whocontinuedeventhoughmostofhisteammatesretirebythetimetheyturn28.SuandotherathletesarefurtherproofofChina'sarrivalinsports.WhenChineseathleteLiuChangchunparticipatedinthemen's100meterand200metereventsatthe1932LosAngelesOlympics,theentireChineseteam88（consist）ofjust6persons,andLiuhadtorely89donationfromlocalChineseAmericanstopayforhisreturnfare.Forthemoment,thedayshavepassedwhenChinawas90extremelyweaksportscountry,andwehopeChinesesportsmenrealizemoregloriousachievementsinthedaystoe.10閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasonceagainprovedits91(able)tochangetheworldwiththe“newfourgreatinventions”:highspeedrailways,electronicpayments,sharedbicyclesandonlineshopping.They’rerelatedtoChina’shightechinnovation(創(chuàng)新),92hasimprovedthequalityofpeople’slives,accordingtoasurvey93(make)bytheBeltandRoadResearchInstituteofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.“Mywalletisnolongerinuse.IcanbuyandeatwhateverIwantsimplywithafingertiponmyphone,”said94universitystudent,addingthat“evenpancakesellersareusingmobilepayment”.Thebikes95(them)arenotnew,buttheoperatingmodelofbikesharing96(base)onsatellitenavigationsystem,mobilepayment,bigdataandotherhightechnologies.Chinahasenteredanewinnovativeera,thankstothelargeamountsofcapitalChinahasinvestedin97(encourage)innovation,saidBernhardSchwartlander,WHORepresentativeinChina.ItisincreasinglyclearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingWesternideas.Thisisespeciallytrueinmobile,whereChinaisleading98manywayssuchas…socialmessagingappWeChat,shesaid.Thisispartly99ChinaskippedoverthePCeraandwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasa100(large)mobileusethananyothercountryintheworld.11閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Iwaspushedintowritingthe“toptenproblemstheyoungface”afterIattendedaschool