簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題

簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明S主語V謂語P表語O賓語O1間接賓語O2直接賓語C賓語補(bǔ)足語基本句型一S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞這些動詞常見的有appearapologizearrivecomediedisappearexistfallhappenrise等等。如1.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。_____________________________________2.她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________3.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。_____________________________________補(bǔ)充:少數(shù)不及物動詞后面能跟一個相同意義的名詞作賓語這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有l(wèi)eadlivediesleepdreambreathesmilelaughfightrunsing等。例如4.UndertheleadershipofthePartythepeasantsleadahappylife.5.Idreamedaterribledreamlastnight.6.OursoldiersfoughtawonderfulfightagainstthefloodslastAugust.7.Hediedagloriousdeath.基本句型二:S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為下列兩類A.表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有belookseemappearsmelltastesoundkeepremain等等。如8Weshould____________________anytime.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛。9這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。_________________________________________________.B.表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有becomegetgrowturngocomeprove等等。如10Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了天氣變得越來越暖和。11Donthavethefood._______________________________.不要吃那種食物它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12Thefact_____________________.這個事實(shí)證明是正確的?；揪湫腿?S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為及物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如13我昨天看了一部電影。________________________________________________.14Youplacemeinadifficultsituation.________________________________________。15Theyfinallymanagedtogetalongwithus._____________________________________。16Theyhave_________________________ofthechildren這些孩子他們照看得很好。17．Idon’tlikebeingtreatedlikethis.________________________________?；揪湫退?S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)O1間接賓語O2直接賓語這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”直接賓語常常指“物”。如18．Yesterdayherfather________________________________________asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.___________________________________________________。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型A.動詞直接賓語forsb.B.動詞直接賓語tosb.。20Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.Please_____________________________________.請把你的畫給我看一下。21Illofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart.I’lloffer________________________________________aslongasyoudon’tloseheart.只要你不失去信心我會給你提供機(jī)會的?；揪湫臀?S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的賓語補(bǔ)語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”作補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如22。Keep________________________________please.請讓孩子們安靜下來。23他把墻漆成白色。________________________________________________________.24我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實(shí)的人。______________________________________________.注意動詞havemakeletseehearnoticefeelobservewatch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時不帶to。如25Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.______________________________________。句型一主語系動詞表語講解1系動詞的三種分類在初中階段我們學(xué)過的表示“保持或狀態(tài)”類的有beremainstaykeepprove等表示“變化”類的有g(shù)rowturngetbecomefallgocome等表示“感官”類的有l(wèi)ooksoundsmelltastefeelseemappear等。例如Iamaseniorschoolstudentwhileheisajuniorone.我是高中生他是初中生。AfterfouryearsTombecameadoctor/turneddoctor.四年后湯姆成了一名醫(yī)生。Thestorysoundsinterestingandinstructive.這故事聽起來既有趣又有教育意義。2可以充當(dāng)表語的有形容詞、名詞、副詞短語、介詞短語、表語從句、分詞短語等。例如Inordertokeephealthyhetakesexerciseeveryday.形容詞作表語Inmymindmotherismyhero.名詞作表語LookYourpetdogisthere.副詞作表語Theschoolbagscomeindifferentsizes.介詞短語作表語Youarenotwhatyouwere.表語從句作表語Manypassengersgotinjuredintheaccident.過去分詞作表語Themachinekeepsrunningforalongtime.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作表語3使用系動詞應(yīng)注意的地方：第一沒有被動語態(tài)，第二一般沒有進(jìn)行時除了feel以外，第三有些動詞既是系動詞又是普通動詞，如keepgrowtastefeelgetsmell等。第四非謂語一般用現(xiàn)在分詞這一點(diǎn)僅作了解高中階段將涉及。例如Aftertwo-day’streatmenthefeltwellagain.不用wasfelt.Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.不用isremained比較以下句子Thepetdogkeepsclean.ItiskeptbyJohnson.keeps是系動詞而kept是及物動詞Wegrewsometreesaroundourschoolandtheygrowgreennow.grew是及物動詞而grow是系動詞JustnowIfeltthetableanditfeltsmooth.第一個felt是及物動詞而第二個是系動詞練習(xí)選擇一個合適的詞或根據(jù)漢語提示填空注意動詞的適當(dāng)形式。1I__________remain/keep/stayanursewhilehehas__________turn/becomeengineer.2Putthemeatintherefrigerator冰箱.It__________go/get/turn/becomebadeasily.3Whathesaid__________sound/look/smell/tastereasonable.4Hefeels__________comfortable/comfortablyworkingintheair-conditionedoffice.5Wedomorningexercisesto__________keep/turn/becomehealthy.6Theapple__________tastes/istastedsweet.7Pleasekeep__________安靜Thebabyhasfallen__________睡著.8Theyworkdayandnighttomaketheirdreamcome__________實(shí)現(xiàn).Key:1—4remainturnedgoessoundscomfortable5—8keeptastesquietasleeptrue句型二主語不及物動詞講解1不及物動詞不能直接加賓語。如agreelieworkarguebelongcomegoreply等。2不及物動詞加一個介詞后構(gòu)成動詞短語可以加賓語。如agreewithlieinworkatbelongtocomeacrossgoto等。3有些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。如beginsellwritewashanswerread等。例如Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.不及物動詞Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.及物動詞Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.第一個sell為不及物動詞而第二個是及物動詞。練習(xí)1.指出劃線部分動詞的詞性是及物動詞還是不及物動詞。1Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.2BesidesJapanesehecanalsospeakSpanish.3Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.4Iintendedtolietohimbutfailed.5UnfortunatelyIfailedthedrivingtest.2.在每一空格上填上恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion.2ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs_____me.3Useyourheadandyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem.4ToimprovemyEnglishIworkhard_____it.5Look_____thecloudyskyItisgoingtorain.Key1.不及物動詞1、3、4及物動詞2、5。2.1—5withtoupatat句型三主語及物動詞賓語練習(xí)劃出以下句子的主、謂、賓部分。如Doingmorningexercisesbenefitsourhealth.1Iwroteapassagelastnight.2Idoubtwhetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.3Wemissedgoingtocollegeforthatreason.4Whathesaidtouchedmegreatly.句型四主語及物動詞雙賓語間接賓語直接賓語講解1雙賓語指直接賓語與間接賓語。一般地說賓語指人為間接賓語賓語指物為直接賓語。例如Myfatherboughtmeacar.me為間接賓語acar為直接賓語Thesingersangusanothersong.us為間接賓語anothersong為直接賓語2如果直接賓語放在及物動詞之后、間接賓語之前那么兩個賓語之間應(yīng)有一個介詞tofor等。TheteacherofferedsomeadviceonlearningEnglishtous.Thesingersanganothersongforus.練習(xí)在每一空格上填上一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1Motherboughtabirthdaycake______me.2Giveanotherapple______her.Shelikesit.3Thecompanywillprovidesomedrinks______thevolunteers.Key句型三1Iwroteapassagelastnight.2Idoubtwhetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.3Wemissedgoingtocollegeforthatreason.4Whathesaidtouchedmegreatly.句型四1—3fortofor句型一

主語+系動詞+表語[講解](1)系動詞的三種分類：在初中階段，我們學(xué)過的表示“保持或狀態(tài)”類的有be,remain,stay,keep,prove等；表示“變化”類的有g(shù)row,turn,get,become,fall,go,come等；表示“感官”類的有l(wèi)ook,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear等。例如：Iamaseniorschoolstudentwhileheisajuniorone.我是高中生，他是初中生。Afterfouryears,Tombecameadoctor/turneddoctor.四年后，湯姆成了一名醫(yī)生。Thestorysoundsinterestingandinstructive.這故事聽起來既有趣，又有教育意義。(2)可以充當(dāng)表語的有形容詞、名詞、副詞(短語)、介詞短語、表語從句、分詞(短語)等。例如：Inordertokeephealthy,hetakesexerciseeveryday.(形容詞作表語)Inmymind,motherismyhero.(名詞作表語)Look!Yourpetdogisthere.(副詞作表語)Theschoolbagscomeindifferentsizes.(介詞短語作表語)You’vechangedalot.Youarenotwhatyouwere.(表語從句作表語)Manypassengersgotinjuredintheaccident.(過去分詞作表語)Themachinekeepsrunningforalongtime.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作表語）(3)使用系動詞應(yīng)注意的地方：第一，沒有被動語態(tài)；第二，一般沒有進(jìn)行時(除了feel以外)；第三，有些動詞既是系動詞又是普通動詞。如：keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell等。第四，非謂語一般用現(xiàn)在分詞(這一點(diǎn)僅作了解，高中階段將涉及。)例如：Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt)Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比較以下句子：Thepetdogkeepsclean.ItiskeptbyJohnson.(keeps是系動詞，而kept是及物動詞)Wegrewsometreesaroundourschoolandtheygrowgreennow.(grew是及物動詞，而grow是系動詞)JustnowIfeltthetableanditfeltsmooth.(第一個felt是及物動詞，而第二個是系動詞)[練習(xí)]選擇一個合適的詞或根據(jù)漢語提示填空，注意動詞的適當(dāng)形式。(1)I__________(remain/keep/stay)anursewhilehehas__________(turn/become)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱).It__________(go/get/turn/become)badeasily.(3)Whathesaid__________(sound/look/smell/taste)reasonable.(4)Hefeels__________(comfortable/comfortably)workingintheair-conditionedoffice.(5)Wedomorningexercisesto__________(keep/turn/become)healthy.(6)Theapple__________(tastes/istasted)sweet.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安靜);Thebabyhasfallen__________(睡著).(8)Theyworkdayandnighttomaketheirdreamcome__________(實(shí)現(xiàn)).Key:(1)—(4)remain,turned;goes;sounds;comfortable(5)—(8)keep;tastes;quiet,asleep;true句型二

主語+不及物動詞[講解](1)不及物動詞不能直接加賓語。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物動詞加一個介詞后構(gòu)成動詞短語可以加賓語。如agreewith,liein,workat,belongto,comeacross,goto等。(3)有些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。例如：Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.(不及物動詞)Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.(及物動詞)Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.(第一個sell為不及物動詞，而第二個是及物動詞)。[練習(xí)]1.指出劃線部分動詞的詞性，是及物動詞還是不及物動詞。(1)Speakaloudsothateveryonecanfollowyou.(

)(2)BesidesJapanese,hecanalsospeakSpanish.(

)(3)Hisfatherusedtoworkhardtomakemuchmoney.(

)(4)Iintendedtolietohim,butfailed.(

)(5)Unfortunately,Ifailedthedrivingtest.(

)2.在每一空格上填上恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(1)Idon’tagree_____youcompletely.Ihavemyownopinion.(2)ThedictionaryisnotTom’s.Itbelongs_____me.(3)Useyourhead,andyouwillthink_____somewaystosolvetheproblem.(4)ToimprovemyEnglish,Iworkhard_____it.(5)Look_____thecloudysky!Itisgoingtorain.Key：1.不及物動詞：(1)、(3)、(4)；及物動詞：(2)、(5)。2.(1)—(5)with,to,up,at,at句型三

主語+及物動詞+賓語[練習(xí)]劃出以下句子的主、謂、賓部分。如：Doingmorningexercisesbenefitsourhealth.(1)Iwroteapassagelastnight.(2)Idoubtwhetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.(3)Wemissedgoingtocollegeforthatreason.(4)Whathesaidtouchedmegreatly.句型四

主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）[講解]（1）雙賓語指直接賓語與間接賓語。一般地說，賓語指人為間接賓語，賓語指物為直接賓語。例如：Myfatherboughtmeacar.（me為間接賓語，acar為直接賓語）Thesingersangusanothersong.（us為間接賓語，anothersong為直接賓語）（2）如果直接賓語放在及物動詞之后、間接賓語之前，那么兩個賓語之間應(yīng)有一個介詞(to,for等)。TheteacherofferedsomeadviceonlearningEnglishtous.Thesingersanganothersongforus.[練習(xí)]在每一空格上填上一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(1)Motherboughtabirthdaycake______me.(2)Giveanotherapple______her.Shelikesit.(3)Thecompanywillprovidesomedrinks______thevolunteers.Key：句型三(1)Iwroteapassagelastnight.(2)Idoubtwhetherhewilljoinusinthedebate.(3)Wemissedgoingtocollegeforthatreason.(4)Whathesaidtouchedmegreatly.句型四(1)

—(3)for;to;for句型五.

S(主）+VT（謂）+O（賓）+OC（賓補(bǔ)）Imakeyouclear.1)S+VT+N/Pron+NWenamedourbabyTom.常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名）。2)S+VT+N/Pron+AdjHepaintedthewallwhite.常用于這句型的動詞有：beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。3)S+VT+N/Pron+PrepPhraseShealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.4)S+VT+N/Pron+InfinitiveIwishyoutostay.Imadehimwork常用于這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch等。5)S+VT+N/Pron+Participle(分詞）Iheardmynamecalled.Ifeelsomethingmoving.常用于這句型的動詞有：catch,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,notice,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。6)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-word+InfinitiveHeshowmehowtodoit.常用于這句型的動詞有：advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。7)S+VT+N/Pron+That-clauseHetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.常用于這句型的動詞有：assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warm等。8)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-ClauseHeaskedmewhatheshoulddo.常用于這句型的動詞有：Advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell.英語介詞口訣詳解早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、點(diǎn)與分。年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周陽光、燈、影、衣、帽in。將來時態(tài)in...,小處at大處in。有形with無形by’語言、單位、材料in。特征、方面與方式心情成語慣用in。介詞at和to表方向攻擊、位置、惡、善分。早、午、晚要用in例inthemorning在早上intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上intheday在白天at黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分例:atdawnatdaybreak在黎明時候atnoon在中午atnight在夜間atmidnight在午夜以上短語都不用冠詞atsixo’clock在6點(diǎn)鐘at730seventhirty在7點(diǎn)半athalfpasteleven在11點(diǎn)半atninefifteen在9點(diǎn)15分attenthirtya.m.在上午10點(diǎn)30分也可以寫成seventofive5點(diǎn)差7分半小時以上fiveminutesaftertwo2點(diǎn)過5分ataquartertotwo1點(diǎn)45分attheweekend在周末年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周即在“某年”在“某月”在“某年某月”但在某年某月某日則用on在四季在第幾周等都要用in。例in1986在1986年in1927在1927年inApril在四月inMarch在三月inDecember19861986年12月inJulyl9831983年7月inspring在春季insummer在夏季inautumn在秋季inwinter在冬季inthefistweekofthissemester這學(xué)期的第一周inthethirdweek在第三周陽光、燈、影、衣、冒in即在陽光下在燈下在樹陰下穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in。例Don’treadindimlight.切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。Theyarereviewingtheirlessonsinthebrightlight.他們在明亮的燈光下復(fù)習(xí)功課。Theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。aprisonerinirons帶著鐐銬的囚犯Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.他冒雨到車站去接我。Thepoordressedclothedinragsinoldsociety.舊社會窮人們衣衫襤褸。以及inthebrightsunlight在明亮的陽光下amerchantindisguise喬裝的商人thewomaninwhiteblackredyellow穿著白黑、紅、黃色衣服的婦女inuniform穿著制服inmourning穿著喪服inbrownshoes穿著棕色鞋inhisshirtsleeves穿著襯衫將來時態(tài)in…以后例:Theywillcomebackin10days.他們將10天以后回來。Illcomeroundinadayortwo.我一兩天就回來。Wellbebackinnotime.我們一會兒就回來。Comeandseemeintwodaystime.兩天后來看我。從現(xiàn)在開始After…從過去開始小處at大處in例LiandIarrivedatHeishancountysafeandsoundalliswell.Dontworry.李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣一切很好勿念。Iliveinagreatcitybigcitymysisterlivesatasmalltownwhilemyparentsliveatavillage.我住在大城市我姐姐住在一個小城鎮(zhèn)而我的父母則住在農(nóng)村。IminLiaoningatAnshan.我住在遼寧省鞍山市有形with無形by語言、單位、材料in例Theworkersarepavingaroadwithstone.工人們正用石子鋪路。有形Theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。有形“TakingTigerMountainbyStrategy”isagoodopera.ltlt智取威虎山gtgt是—出好戲。無形Theproductisseparatedbydistillationintogasolineandgasoil.這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出汽油和粗柴油。表示方式、手段、方法——無形IreallycantexpressmyideainEnglishfreelyin-deed我確實(shí)不能用英語流利地表達(dá)我的思想。表示某種語言用inIwroteanovelinRussian.我用俄語寫了一本小說。同上Thekilometeristhebiggestunitoflengthinthemetricsystem公里是米制中最長的長度單位。表示度、量、衡單位的用inThelengthismeasuredinmeterkilometreandcentimetre.長度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計(jì)算的。同上Thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.這個牌匾是銅鑄的不是金鑄的。特征、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in特征或狀態(tài)例:TheDemocraticPartywastheninpower.那時民主黨執(zhí)政。Theyfoundthepatientinacoma.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。Hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.他幾年來身體一直不好。Manywhocameindespairwentawayinhope.許多人帶著絕望情緒而來卻滿懷希望而去。Thehousewasinruins.這房屋成了廢墟。Thepoorgirlwasintears.這個貧苦女孩淚流滿面。Herclotheswereinrags.她的衣服穿破了。Hisshoeswereinholes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。Ionlysaiditinfun.我說這話只是開玩笑的。Shespokeingriefratherthaninanger.與其說她講得很氣憤不如說她講得很傷心。還有一些短語也用in如injest詼諧地injoke開玩笑地inspite惡意地infairness公正地inrevenge報復(fù)inmercy寬大insorrow傷心地等。Hismindwasingreatconfusion.他腦子里很亂。Todayeverybodyisinhighspiritsandnooneisinlowebb.今天大家都興高采烈沒有一個情緒低落的。Sheandherclassmatesareinflowerages.她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。Thecampaignwasinfullswing.運(yùn)動正值高潮中。方面例Weacceptedtheiteminprinciple.我們在原則上接受了這個條款。Theyareneverbackwardingivingtheirviews.他們從來不怕發(fā)表自己的意見。Thebackwardareahasachievedself-sufficientingrain.這個落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給。Agoodteachermustbeanexampleinstudy.一個好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范。方式例Allthespeechesweret