2023-2024學(xué)年度北師大版選擇性必修三Unit 9 Human Biology學(xué)案

2023-2024學(xué)年度北師大版選擇性必修三Unit9HumanBiology學(xué)案目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯1.clonevt.克隆，使無性繁殖n.克隆動(dòng)物或植物2.barriern.障礙，壁壘3.twinn.雙胞胎中的一個(gè)4.cameln.駱駝5.cattlen.牛6.goatn.山羊7.foreveradv.永遠(yuǎn)；長(zhǎng)久地8.reproductiveadj.繁殖的，生殖的9.cluen.線索，提示10.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的11.boundadj.很有可能，肯定會(huì)12.abusevt.濫用，妄用；虐待n.濫用；虐待13.blessingn.福氣，幸運(yùn)14.marathonn.馬拉松賽跑15.justifyvt.證明……有道理，為……辯護(hù)16.infervt.推斷，推定17.bettermentn.(個(gè)人社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的)改良，改善，提高18.crosswordn.縱橫字謎，縱橫填字游戲19.intaken.攝入量，攝取量20.paragraphn.(文章的)段，段落21.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象22.needlen.針23.databasen.數(shù)據(jù)庫，資料庫24.victimn.(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者詞匯拓展1.editvi.&vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接→editorn.編輯；主編→editionn.版(本)2.artificialadj.人造的→artificiallyadv.人為地，虛假地3.identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的→identityn.身份；同一性；一致4.comparevt.&vi.比較，相比，比作n.比較→comparisonn.比較5.wholeadj.完整的；完全的→whollyadv.完全地6.accurateadj.準(zhǔn)確的，正確的→accuracyn.精確；準(zhǔn)確→accuratelyadv.準(zhǔn)確無誤地7.treatvt.治療；對(duì)待→treatmentn.診療，治療，療法，對(duì)待方式8.emotionn.強(qiáng)烈的情感，激情→emotionaladj.情緒的，易激動(dòng)的9.mereadj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的→merelyadv.只不過；僅僅10.biologyn.生物學(xué)→biologistn.生物學(xué)家→biologicaladj.生物學(xué)的11.capableadj.有能力的；有才干的→capabilityn.(完成困難事情的)能力，才能12.calculatevt.計(jì)算，核算→calculationn.計(jì)算→calculatorn.計(jì)算器13.innovatevi.&vt.革新，創(chuàng)新，改革→innovationn.科技創(chuàng)新14.participantn.參加者，參與者→participatevi.參與；參加→participationn.參加，參與15.organn.器官→organicadj.有機(jī)的；組織的；器官的16.containvt.包含，容納，裝盛→containern.容器17.locatevi.&vt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置→locationn.位置；地方18.correspondingadj.相應(yīng)的；對(duì)應(yīng)的→correspondvi.通信；符合→correspondencen.通信；通信聯(lián)系→correspondentn.通信員19.differvi.不同，不一樣；有異意→differentadj.不同的→differentlyadj.不同地→differencen.不同之處20.identifyvt.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出，識(shí)別→identificationn.鑒定；辨認(rèn)；確定；身份證明→identifiedadj.被識(shí)別的；被認(rèn)可的21.symboln.象征；符號(hào)；標(biāo)志→symbolicadj.象征的；象征性的→symbolicallyadv.象征地，象征性地22.minen.礦；礦山→mineraln.礦物質(zhì)；礦產(chǎn)23.suspectn.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子→suspectedadj.有嫌疑的24.astronomern.天文學(xué)家→astronomyn.天文學(xué)→astronautn.宇航員重點(diǎn)詞組1.atfirst最初；起先2.either...or...要么……要么……；不是……就是……3.incomparisonwith與……相比4.bedevotedto專心于；致力于5.takecareof照顧；撫養(yǎng)6.beboundto必定7.betreatedas被看作；當(dāng)作……來看8.whether...or...是……還是……9.dependon取決于10.leadto導(dǎo)致；引起11.becapableof能夠；有……的能力12.sufferfrom遭受……13.consistof由……組成14.belocatedin/on/at位于，坐落于15.junkfood(高脂肪、高糖分等的)不利健康的食品，垃圾食品16.conduct/doresearch進(jìn)行研究17.warmup熱身18.accordingto根據(jù)19.differfromsb/sthin...在……方面與某人/某物不同20.identify...as...確認(rèn)……是……21.suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做)某事；懷疑某人有罪22.bedoing...when...正在做某事，突然……知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講1capabilityn．(完成困難的事情的)能力，才能[教材原句P50]CapabilitiesoftheHumanbody人體的能力Ageaffectstherangeofaperson'scapabilities.年齡影響著一個(gè)人能力的大小。[知識(shí)拓展](1)capableadj. 有能力的；足以勝任的becapableof 有能力……(2)incapableadj. 無能力的；不能勝任的2participantn．參加者，參與者[教材原句P109]Wetrainedtheexperiment'sparticipantstodospecialbreathingexercises...我們訓(xùn)練實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者做特殊的呼吸練習(xí)……Chinaisnowakeyparticipantintheinternationalsystem.中國已經(jīng)成為國際體系的重要成員。[知識(shí)拓展](1)participatevi. 參加participatein 參加participatein(doing)sth.withsb. 同某人一起參加(做)某事(2)participationn. 參加，參與3identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的[教材原句P52]Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins，whoareproducedfromthesameegg.自然克隆的另一個(gè)例子是同卵雙胞胎，它們是由同一個(gè)卵子受精產(chǎn)生的。Thenumberonthecardshouldbeidenticalwiththeoneonthechequebook.卡上的號(hào)碼應(yīng)該和支票簿上的相同。[知識(shí)拓展](1)beidenticalto 和……一致(2)identifyvt. 認(rèn)出；鑒定n. 身份；完全相同identifyAwithB 視A與B相等beidentifiedas 被認(rèn)出是……(3)identificationn. 認(rèn)出；鑒定；視為同一4comparisonn．比較[教材原句P52]Incomparisonwithotherspecies，cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“muchharder”，anddoingsowithnon-reproductivecellswasevenmorecomplicated.與其他的物種相比，克隆靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物要“困難得多”，而使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆則更為復(fù)雜。Thecomparisonshowsconsiderabledisagreementbetweentheoryandpractice.這一對(duì)比表明理論和實(shí)踐之間有相當(dāng)大的出入。[知識(shí)拓展](1)bycomparison 比較起來；相比之下by/incomparison(withsb./sth.) (與……)相比較(2)comparev. 比較；對(duì)比comparedto/with... 和……相比compare...to... 把……比作compare...with... 把……和……比較without/beyondcompare 無與倫比(compare用作名詞)5bedevotedto致力于……[教材原句P52]Dr.SunQiang，directoroftheresearchteam，saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearchandhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1，000monkeys24hoursaday，7daysaweekformorethan5years.研究小組的負(fù)責(zé)人孫強(qiáng)博士說，他們?nèi)硇牡赝度氲窖芯恐校?年多來每周7天，每天24小時(shí)照看1000多只猴子。歷經(jīng)多次失敗，最終找到成功克隆猴子的方法。Ihavepersonallybeendevotedtothiscauseformanyyears.多年來我個(gè)人一直致力于這項(xiàng)事業(yè)上。[知識(shí)拓展](1)devotev. 把……獻(xiàn)給，獻(xiàn)出devoteoneself/one'slife/time/energytosth./doingsth.把生命/時(shí)間/精力投入到……， 專心致力于……(2)devotedadj. 疼愛的；忠實(shí)的[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“專心于；致力于”的短語除了bedevotedto外，還有：①beaddictedto②beabsorbedin③belostin④focuson⑤concentrateon6[教材原句P53]Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime，reducethenumberofanimalsrequiredfortesting，producemoreaccurateresults，andleadtomoreeffectivetreatments．這有助于節(jié)省研究時(shí)間，減少實(shí)驗(yàn)所需動(dòng)物的數(shù)量，使實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確、治療方法更有效。(1)accurateadj.準(zhǔn)確的，正確的Anaccuratediagnosiswasmadeafteraseriesoftests.準(zhǔn)確的診斷是在一系列的檢查后做出的。[知識(shí)拓展](1)beaccuratein/at 在……方面正確tobeaccurate 確切地說(2)accuracyn. 準(zhǔn)確性accuratelyadv. 準(zhǔn)確地；正確無誤地(2)treatmentn．診療，治療，療法；對(duì)待方式Therearevarioustreatmentsavailableforthiscondition.對(duì)這種病情有各種療法。[知識(shí)拓展](1)undertreatment 在接受治療(2)treatvt.&vi. 治療；對(duì)待；款待n. 款待；招待treatsb.well/badly 善待/虐待某人treat...as/like... 當(dāng)作……來對(duì)待……treatsb.for... 醫(yī)治某人……treatsb.to 請(qǐng)某人……，款待某人……7boundadj.很有可能；肯定會(huì)[教材原句P53]Theybelieveitisboundtoleadtocloningofotherspecies，andtheyworryabouttheethicalquestionsthisraises.他們認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)必將導(dǎo)致其他物種的克隆，擔(dān)心由此會(huì)引發(fā)倫理問題。Thereareboundtobechangeswhenthenewsystemisintroduced.引進(jìn)新系統(tǒng)后一定會(huì)發(fā)生變化。[知識(shí)拓展](1)boundv. 跳躍；限制n. 跳；跳躍；界限，范圍(2)(be)boundto(do) 一定(做)；有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做某事bebound(for...) 準(zhǔn)備(去……)beboundupin 熱衷于，忙于……beboundupwith 與……有密切關(guān)系I'llbebound... 我確信……8insist跟從句[教材原句P53]Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.研究人員認(rèn)為，克隆科學(xué)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步得到探索與發(fā)展。句式分析：本句中insist后面跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示“堅(jiān)持要……”，從句謂語用shoulddo形式。OurEnglishteacherinsiststhatweshouldspeakEnglishinandoutofclass.英語老師堅(jiān)持要我們?cè)谡n堂內(nèi)外都講英語。Heinsistedthatweshouldtakeupthematteratthemeeting.他堅(jiān)持要我們?cè)跁?huì)上談這個(gè)問題。[知識(shí)拓展]如果insist后面跟從句，表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”，從句謂語用陳述語氣，有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化。9consistof由……組成；由……構(gòu)成[教材原句P56]Thebrainconsistsofonlywhitematter.大腦只由白質(zhì)組成。Theexamconsistsofanessayandanunseentranslation.考試包括一篇作文和一篇即席翻譯。[知識(shí)拓展](1)consistof 一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)consistin... 存在于……；在于……(＝liein)consistwith... 與……一致，相符(2)consistentadj. 相容的，一致的beconsistentwith... 和……一致；相符10containvt.包含；容納；克制；抑制(強(qiáng)烈的感情等)[教材原句P110]Itusestwentypercentofthebody'senergyanditcontainsoveronehundredbillioncells.它消耗了人體百分之二十的能量，包含了一千多億個(gè)細(xì)胞。Thisdrinkdoesn'tcontainanyalcohol.這種飲料不含任何酒精。[知識(shí)拓展](1)containoneself 克制自己(2)containern. 容器；集裝箱；貨柜11locatevi.&vt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置[教材原句P110]Butevenmoreinterestingthanlocatingdifferentareasofthebrainis...但比定位大腦不同區(qū)域更有趣的是……Rescueplanesaretryingtolocatethemissingsailors.救援飛機(jī)正在努力查明失蹤水手的下落。[知識(shí)拓展](1)belocatedin/on 坐落于；位于(2)locationn. 位置；地點(diǎn)thelocationof ……的位置12classifyvt.將……分類；把……歸入一類[教材原句P58]Soaveryrarediseasewillhavealowbaselineandjustafewcasesofitinoneplacewillbeclassifiedasanepidemic...罕見疾病的基線很低，即使某一地區(qū)只出現(xiàn)少數(shù)病例，也會(huì)被認(rèn)定為是流行病……Inthestudy，familiesareclassifiedaccordingtotheirincomes.這項(xiàng)研究根據(jù)收入對(duì)家庭進(jìn)行分類。[知識(shí)拓展](1)classify...as 把……歸類classify...into 把……分為(2)classifiedadj. 分類的，類別的classificationn. 歸類；分類13opposedadj.與某事物相反；反對(duì)某事物，不贊成某事物；反對(duì)的[教材原句P58]...asopposedtomorecommondiseases，suchastheflu，thathaveahigherbaseline.……與此相反，常見疾病的基線較高，如流感。Ourviewsarediametricallyopposedonthisissue.在這個(gè)問題上，我們的觀點(diǎn)大相徑庭。[知識(shí)拓展](1)beopposedto 反對(duì)asopposedto 相比之下(2)opposevt. 反對(duì)；使對(duì)立；使對(duì)抗；抗?fàn)巓pposesth./doingsth./sbdoingsth. 反對(duì)某事/做某事/某人做某事opposesth.to/againststh. 某事物與另一事物對(duì)照或?qū)筼pposeoneself/sth.to... 反對(duì)……14depressingadj.令人沮喪的；令人憂愁的[教材原句P58]Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast，JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.最近有新聞報(bào)道，吉姆·史密斯將禽流感和過去致命的流行病做對(duì)比，在屢屢令人感到沮喪的流行病史中尋找線索，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離流行病的美好未來。Healwayswokewithasenseofdeepsorrowanddepressingloss.他醒來時(shí)總是滿懷哀愁，抑郁惆悵。[知識(shí)拓展]depressvt. 使沮喪/壓抑/使蕭條depressedadj. 憂愁的/沮喪的be/feeldepressedabout 因……而感到沮喪depressionn. 蕭條；抑郁；沮喪15getthrough完成；度過；接通電話；獲得批準(zhǔn)；考試通過[教材原句P59]Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease.剛剛熬過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的人們現(xiàn)在不得不埋葬他們死于疾病的親人。Ithinkyoucangetthroughthefirsttwochapters.我想你能完成前兩章。Didyouhavetogetthroughanentranceexamination?你必須要通過入學(xué)考試嗎？[知識(shí)拓展]getsth.across 使被理解getalong/onwith 進(jìn)展；與……相處getdownto(doing)sth. 開始認(rèn)真(做)某事getover 克服16resultin導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是[教材原句P59]Then，from2013to2016，therewasthemostwidespreadoutbreakoftheEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)inWestAfrica，whichresultedinamajorlossoflifeinanumberofwestAfricancountries.隨后，2013年到2016年間，西非爆發(fā)了大規(guī)模傳染病——埃博拉出血熱(EVD)，奪去了這一地區(qū)多個(gè)國家的很多人的生命。Foodallergiescanresultinanenormousvarietyofdifferentsymptoms.食物過敏會(huì)引發(fā)很多不同的癥狀。[知識(shí)拓展](1)resultfrom意為“由于……而造成后果”，后接導(dǎo)致某事的原因；resultin后接導(dǎo)致某事的結(jié)果。(2)asaresult為固定短語，意為“結(jié)果，因此”，在句中作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號(hào)和句子隔開。(3)asaresultof...意為“作為……的結(jié)果”，在句中特指引起某種結(jié)果的原因時(shí)，用定冠詞代替不定冠詞。(4)withoutresult毫無結(jié)果地withtheresultthat其結(jié)果是……17way后面跟定語從句[教材原句P58]Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors，suchasavirusbeingcarriedintoanarea，orchangesinthewaypeoplelive，...它們可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被帶入某個(gè)地區(qū)，或者由于人們生活方式的改變，……句式分析：句中的peoplelive是定語從句，修飾先行詞theway；theway后面跟定語從句可以用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，也可以直接跟定語從句。It'squiteeasytomakequitesmallchangestothewaythatyouwork.對(duì)工作方式做一些小的改變會(huì)比較容易。I'mdisgustedwiththewaythathewastreated.他受到如此對(duì)待讓我反感。[知識(shí)拓展](1)way后跟定語從句時(shí)，如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。(2)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后可以跟不定式或ofdoingsth.的形式。18現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語[教材原句P59]Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire．現(xiàn)今科學(xué)家估計(jì)，發(fā)病區(qū)域多達(dá)50%的人口死于這一流行病，成為羅馬帝國衰落的一個(gè)主要原因。句式分析：句中的makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示結(jié)果，一般表示意料之中的結(jié)果。Fifteenmilliontreeshadbeenblowndownbythehighwinds，blockingroads，pathsandrailwaylines.1500萬棵樹被狂風(fēng)刮倒，把大小道路和鐵路都堵塞了。Hisparentshaddied，leavinghimalotofmoney.他父母死了，給他留下了許多錢。[知識(shí)拓展]不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語，通常表示事先未曾預(yù)料到的情況或結(jié)果，有時(shí)不定式前用only，以加強(qiáng)“意想不到”的語氣。語法語法精講進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)[觀察例句]1．Listen，she'snowcomplainingaboutherlunch.2．JackwaslearningChinesebydistancelearningwhenIcamein.3．Theyhavebeendiscussingtherisingcrimesincelastyear.4．Thestudentswerequestionedonthebookstheyhadbeenstudying.[歸納用法]一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)構(gòu)成和句式肯定式：主語＋be(am，is，are)＋doing＋其他否定式：主語＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋doing＋其他疑問式：Be(Am，Is，Are)＋主語＋doing＋其他(二)用法1．表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)常與時(shí)間狀語now，rightnow，atthemoment等連用，如果句子中出現(xiàn)提示語如look，listen，hurry(up)等也經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Don'tmakeanynoise.Thebabyissleepingnow.不要吵，孩子正在睡覺。Look！Heisflyingakite.看！他正在放風(fēng)箏。2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行，但說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行常與時(shí)間狀語atpresent，thesedays，nowadays等連用。Howareyougettingonwithyourstudythesedays?近來你的學(xué)習(xí)怎樣？Atpresent，scientistsarelookingforacureforcancer.目前，科學(xué)家們正在尋找治愈癌癥的方法。3．表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作常與always，forever，constantly，allthetime等搭配使用，隱含說話人的贊揚(yáng)、喜好或厭惡等情緒。Sheisalwayshelpingpeople.(贊揚(yáng))她總是樂于助人。Heisconstantlytalkingloudlyinpublic。(厭惡)他總是在公共場(chǎng)合大聲說話。4．表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事動(dòng)詞go，come，start，begin，move，win，leave，runout，takeoff，return等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來?！狝reyoustillverybusy?—Yes，Iamjustfinishingthereportforthemanageranditwon'ttakelong.單句語法填空①—Hi，let'sgoskating.—Sorry，I'mbusyrightnow.I(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.②Hurryup！MarkandCarol(expect)us.【答案】1.amfilling2.areexpecting二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)構(gòu)成和句式1．構(gòu)成：be(was，were)＋doing。2．句式：否定句把not加在be后，疑問句把be提到主語前。HewasnotreadinganovelwhenIcamein.我進(jìn)來時(shí)他沒有在讀小說。(二)用法1．表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句以及atthattime，atthatmoment，atthistimeyesterday，teno'clockyesterday等時(shí)間狀語連用。Wewerediscussingtheplanthewholemorningyesterday.昨天整個(gè)上午我們一直在討論這個(gè)計(jì)劃。2．表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。Hewaswritingabooklastyear，butIdon'tknowifhehasfinishedit.他去年在寫一本書，但我不知他是否已經(jīng)完成。3．表示按照計(jì)劃、安排過去將要發(fā)生的情況?？梢赃@樣用的動(dòng)詞(短語)有come，go，plan，expect，lookforwardto，stay，leave，arrive，begin，start等。HetoldmehewasleavingforShanghaitomorrow.他告訴我明天他將要去上海。4．表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的行為、動(dòng)作。常與always，frequently，continually等詞連用，帶有贊美、厭煩等感情色彩。Hewascontinuallyaskingherquestions.他總是問她問題。單句語法填空①Theaccountant(cycle)toworkat7:30thismorning.②Themobilephonerangwhenshe(shop)inthenearbysupermarket.【答案】1.wascycling2.wasshopping三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。(二)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1．(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間，其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，則由上下文而定。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和allthisweek，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently等時(shí)間狀語以及since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用(與since和for連用時(shí)，動(dòng)作常會(huì)繼續(xù)下去)。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourbuthestillhasn'tturnedup.我已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了，可他還沒來。(2)有時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。這時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于瞬間動(dòng)詞。He'sbeenshavingsincelastyear.他從去年開始就一直刮胡子。2．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中時(shí)間狀語的省略現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在上下文清楚時(shí)亦可不用時(shí)間狀語。這種現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)多指“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般不再繼續(xù)，并往往含有一種直接的結(jié)果。You'vebeenworkingtoohard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接結(jié)果可能是你一定很累了)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和其他進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一樣，也可以帶有感情色彩。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime.和你見面是我盼望已久的事。單句語法填空①Dashan，who(learn)crosstalk，theChinesecomedictradition，fordecades，wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.②Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.【答案】1.hasbeenlearning2.hasbeenworking四、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“hadbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。Hadtheybeenexpectingthenewsforsometime?他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？(二)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1．過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)間。動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，要由上下文而定。與過去完成時(shí)一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以過去某一時(shí)間為前提。IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.這個(gè)東西，我找了很多天才找著。Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.電話鈴響了三分鐘才有人接。2．與過去完成時(shí)一樣，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可接具有“突然”意義的when從句(有些從句用一般過去時(shí))。Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminuteswhenhecamein.我剛看了幾分鐘書他就進(jìn)來了。Shehadonlybeenstudyingherlessonfortenminuteswhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她溫習(xí)功課不過十分鐘，她的妹妹就把她打斷了。3．過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣，也可有一些特別的含義：(1)表示過去的“剛才，近來”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Myhandsweredirty.I'dbeenpaintingthedoor.我的手很臟，我一直在漆門。(2)表示過去的重復(fù)動(dòng)作Hehadbeenaskingmethesamequestion.他一直在問我同一個(gè)問題。(3)表示某種感情色彩Whathadhebeendoing？(不耐煩)他一直在做什么？單句語法填空①Atlastthebuscame.I(wait)forhalfanhour.②She(look)attheparcelforsometimebeforesherealizedthatitwasforhermother.【答案】1.hadbeenwaiting2.hadbeenlookingⅠ.單句語法填空1．Thegirl(listen)toclassicalmusicatthistimeyesterday.2．Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.3．Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand(write)hisessaythereeversince.4．It(rain)andthestreetwasstillwet.5．Hisarmsweresunburntbecausehe(sit)inthesunallday.6．Hefeltverytiredbecausehe(work)inthefieldforatleastfivehours.【答案】1.waslistening2.havebeentrying3.hasbeenwriting4.hadbeenraining5.hadbeensitting6.hadbeenworkingⅡ.短文語法填空IloveEnglish1.speakingEnglishisinteresting.WhenIlistentomyteacherBenney，2.isateacherteachingEnglishand3.(teach)Englishfortenyearsbylastterm，Icanalwaysunderstandwhathe4.(talk)about.I5.(learn)Englishfor7years.Yesterday，Bennysaidtome，“HowbeautifulyourEnglishis.Whatagoodstudentyouare.”AndItoldhimthatifI6.(start)earlier，myEnglishwouldhavebecomebetter.I7.(wonder)“AmIlate?WhatcanIdo？”Bennyanswered，“Don'tbenervous.Thefact8.youarelateisnotaproblem.Theproblemishowhardyou9.(learn)now.Howyoulearnitisalsoveryimportant，isn'tit?Whatwouldyousay?”IwouldsayIwilltrymybest10.(make)myEnglishasgoodaspossible.AndI'msurethatIwillhavespokenlikeaforeignerbytheendofmyschoolyearsandIwillbeteachingothershowtolearnit.Theywouldbecallingmeateacher.【答案】1.because2.who3.hadbeenteaching4.istalking5.havebeenlearning6.hadstarted7.waswondering8.that9.arelearning10.tomake寫作園地寫作園地概要寫作本單元的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇概要，屬于說明文的寫作范疇。[基本框架]開頭(thebeginning)——總體概括主體(themiddle)——提煉要點(diǎn)結(jié)尾(theending)——簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)[常用詞塊]1．beexposedtomanyrisks接觸很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)2．withthepopularityof...隨著……的普及3．inadditiontothat除了……外4．keeptrackof...記錄了……5．a(chǎn)pplaudone'sdecision稱贊某人的決定6．a(chǎn)nincreaseriskof...增長(zhǎng)……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[常用語句]★精彩開頭1．Thearticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...文章指出了普遍存在的現(xiàn)象……2．Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.本文比較了A和B的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。★正文佳句1．Inadditionthat，thereaderisinformedthat...此外，讀者還被告知……2．Inthenextpart，wearetold...在第二部分，我們被告知……★余味結(jié)尾1．Asaconclusion，thereporterstressestheimportanceof...作為總結(jié)，報(bào)告者強(qiáng)調(diào)了……的重要性。2．Summinguphisthoughts，thewriterconcludesthat...總結(jié)他的思想，作者得出結(jié)論……例題閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago，peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly，wewouldbeenergetic(充滿活力的)thewholeday.So，gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact，morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning，theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions(條件).Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning，wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However，ifwegetuplate，wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday，wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.Peopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearly.(要點(diǎn)1)Itenablesthemtohaveabettermemory，healthierbodiesandbetterpreparationfortheday.(要點(diǎn)2)Ifnot，peoplewillbebusydoingeverything.Soinsistongettingupearlywhichisofgreatbenefittoallpeople.(要點(diǎn)3)練習(xí)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。TheseriousdeclineinthehealthofChinesestudentsiscausingconcernamongparents，schoolsandexperts.Thenextgeneration'sfutureisindangerandthereisaneedtounderstandthecausesoftheproblemandfindasolution.Inthelast10years，studieshavefoundanalarmingincreasein：·Obesity—Thenumberofoverweightinmiddleschoolstudentshasdoubled.Poordiet，especiallytheovereatingofjunkfoodandtheoverdrinkingofsoftdrinks，andthelackofphysicalactivitiesareidentifiedasthemainreasonsforthisproblem.·Pooreyesight—Morestudentsnowwearglassesfromanearlyage.Longhoursofstudyandheavyuseofcomputersandmobilephonesaremostcommonlyblamed.·Stress—Studentsfeelundermorepressuretosucceedthaneverbefore.Thelonghoursofstudyandhomeworktheymustdotoachievesuccess，pluspressurefromparentsandschoolsarethemaincauses.SomehavesuggestedincludingPhysicalEducation(PE)intheCollegeEntranceExaminationsasapossiblesolutiontostudents'healthproblems.Theysaythiswillforcestudentstobemoreactive，playsportsandthereforeloseweight.Others，however，opposetheidea，sayingthataddingonemoretesttotheCollegeEntranceExaminationswouldonlyincreasestudents'workloadandstressandwouldactuallyworsentheiroverallhealth.Althoughthereisnoeasyanswer，allagreethatsomethingmustbedonetostoptheseriousdeclineinstudents'health.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】ThispassagelistssomeofthecausesforthedeclineofChinesestudents'health.(要點(diǎn)1)Suchasobesity，pooreyesight，stress，anddiscussesonepossiblesolutiontotheproblem—includingPEintheCollegeEntranceExaminations，butitalsocausesdebates.(要點(diǎn)2)Anyhow，itistimetotakemeasurestosolvetheproblem.(要點(diǎn)3)分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練一.單詞拼寫1．Womenareoftenashamedtoadmittheyarebeing(虐待).2．Thefamilybasewas(至關(guān)重要的)tomydevelopment.3．Shefeltshewasbeingdraggedintoawhirlpoolof(情緒).4．Thecarcrashedthroughthe(障礙)andcametorestinafield.5．Sheworethe(完全相似的)dressonbothoccasions.6．Thesecondhalfofthegamewasdullby(比較)withthefirst.7．Withsomanyvariables，itisdifficultto(計(jì)算)thecost.8．Withinthisceremony，each(參與者)isgiventwopiecesofpaper.9．Itgivesustheopportunityto(創(chuàng)新)atspeed.10．Thepolice(推斷)thattheyfoundherbehaviourrathersuspicious.【答案】1.parison7.calculate8.participant9.innovate10.inferred二.單句語法填空1．Therearelotsofpeopletherewhocan(actual)helpyou.2．Lackofexercisecanleadtofeelingsof(depress)andexhaustion.3．Currenttheoriesmaybebroadlyclassifiedthreemainpointsofview.4．Hisfamilywereadamantlyopposedthemarriage.5．Heshowedmeour(locate)onthemap.6．Thechildfell，(strike)hisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.7．Idon'tlikethewayinyouspeaktohim.8．Themedicineisspecificforthecoughwhichresultedacold.9．Allartsconsisttheimitationandstudyofnature.10．Hemayfindthelinecutonthetelephonesothathecan'tget．【答案】1.o4.to5.location6.striking7.which8.from9.in10.through題組B能力提升練語法填空Apaintingwitha1.________(long)of1，014.37metershasreceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordtitleforthelongestdrawingbyanindividualartist.TherecordwasannouncedattheSimataiGreatWallonSaturday，September14th，2019，2.________wassurroundedbytheverdant(翠綠的)mountainsofanearlyautumn，andthepainterunfoldedthepaintingwithgreatcare3.________thepresenceofmanyviewers.4．________tookartistGuoFengtwomonthstocompletetheblack-and-whitepaintingnamedYongshenginChinese，meaninglivingforever.Clearly5.________(inspire)bytheviewoftheGreatWallfromthesky，hewantedtocallforpeaceandharmonyintheworld.Infact，GuoFengis6.________(familiar)tothepublicasamusicproducerthanasapainter.Andoneofhissongs，LettheWorldBeFilledwithLove，hasenjoyedgreatpopularityalloverthecountryfor7.________(decade).Thepaintingismadeupof10subthemes，andwascreated8.________(large)usingmarkerpens.“I9.________(draw)formorethan10hoursadayoverthepastmonthsandsometimesIbeganworkingat4a．m.，”saidGuo.“CreatingtheworkontheGreatWallwasanunprecedentedly(空前地)lonelyandquiettimeforme10.________(look)intomypast，todayandthefuture，”headded.【語篇解讀】跨界音樂人郭峰創(chuàng)作的長(zhǎng)1014.37米的畫作《永生》獲得了一項(xiàng)“單人創(chuàng)作的最長(zhǎng)的畫作”吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄稱號(hào)。1．length考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示一幅長(zhǎng)達(dá)1014.37米的畫作，根據(jù)空前的a和空后的of可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，alengthof...“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”，所以填length。2．which考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，修飾前面的先行詞theSimataiGreatWall，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which來引導(dǎo)該從句。3．in考查固定用法。此處表示當(dāng)著許多觀看者的面，inthepresenceofsb.意為“在某人面前，當(dāng)著某人的面”，為固定用法。4．It考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句真正的主語為tocompletethe...meaninglivingforever，空處作形式主語，所以填I(lǐng)t。5．inspired考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和根據(jù)空后的by可知，inspire和其邏輯主語he之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以填inspired。6．morefamiliar考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的than并結(jié)合語境可知，空處含有比較的含義，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)，所以填morefamiliar。7．decades考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。此處表示“數(shù)十年來，他的歌曲《讓世界充滿愛》享譽(yù)全國”，fordecades為固定用法，表示“數(shù)十年來”。8．largely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾空后的動(dòng)詞using，需要用副詞，所以填largely。9．havebeendrawing考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的formorethan10hoursadayoverthepastmonths可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在完成過程中的持續(xù)性、重復(fù)性。所以填havebeendrawing。10．tolook考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式tolook作定語。題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyouhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelikespendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage，notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger-tips.Withex