2023-2024學年人教版（2019） 必修第一冊 Unit 4 Natural Disasters知識點+練習 學案

Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriodIListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinkingrescuen.營救；救援名詞短語：__________the/one’srescue搭救某人；救助某人動詞短語：rescue..._________...從......中拯救......答案：cometo;from練習：Finallythey__________(rescue)byhelicopter.Ittookthefirefighters5hourstorescuetheboy________thewell.Awealthybusinessmancameto_________(they)rescuewithagenerousdonation.答案：wererescued;from;theirdamagen.損壞；損失；損害賠償金v.損害；破壞______/________damageto...對......造成傷害答案：do;cause練習：Theaccidentcausedsomedamage________mycar,butit’snothingserious.Smokingseriously_________(damage)yourhealth.Severalcars_________(damage)incrashwhichhappenedlastnight.Hisdoctortoldmethathisnerves___________(damage)andhewasunconscious（昏迷的）.Actually,severedamage___________(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthehistoryofourevolution（進化）.答案：to;damages;weredamaged;weredamaged/hadbeendamaged;donedestroyvt.摧毀；毀滅；消滅；破滅____________n.[U]摧毀；毀滅；破壞____________adj.造成破壞的；毀滅性的destroyone’s____________/____________/___________摧毀某人的信心/希望/信仰答案：destruction;destructive;confidence;hope;faith易混詞：destroy,damage與ruindestroyv.指以具有某種摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀壞，以至于不能或難以修復。damage可用作動詞或名詞，指一定程度的損壞或損失，部分是可以修復的。作名詞表示抽象的“損害；破壞”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。ruin可以作動詞也可以作名詞，指徹底的毀壞，破壞的原因通常是自然現(xiàn)象、年齡、疏忽等，多用于比喻用法中；它有時還泛指一般意義上的“毀壞”。作名詞時常構成短語：fallintoruin/lieinruins“嚴重破損；破損不堪”練習：Thewholevillage___________(destroy)inthesuddenflood,leavingnothingtothenativepeople.Thousandsofhouses___________(damage)bythestorm,andtherepairworkwouldlasthalfamonth.Mynewwhitedresswastotally_________(ruin)bythedirtywater.Ahugeamountofenvironmentaldamagehasbeenbroughtaboutbythe_________(destroy)oftherainforests.答案：wasdestroyed;weredamaged;ruinedaffectv.影響；（疾?。┣忠u；深深打動；使感動；使悲傷（或憐憫）；使（某人）深有感觸____________n.喜愛；鐘愛_____________n.影響名詞短語：haveanaffection______喜愛......haveaneffect______對......產(chǎn)生影響答案：affection;effect;for;on練習：Alcoholhasaverybad__________ondrivers.Theirobjectionwillnot_________mydecision.Cancer_________hislungsandbroughthislifetoanend.答案：effect;affect;affectedsheltern.避難處；居所；庇護vt.保護；掩蔽vi.躲避(風雨或危險)_____________adj.備受呵護的；免遭惡劣天氣影響的名詞短語：________shelter________ 躲避……_______/_________shelter_______ 尋找地方躲避……________sb.shelter 庇護某人_________theshelterofsth.在......的庇護/遮蔽/掩蔽下動詞短語：sheltersb./sth.________... 保護某人/某物以避免……shelter__________sth. 躲避某物答案：sheltered;under;of;lookfor/seekfrom;give;from;from練習：Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids________everykindofdanger.Sheusedanumbrellatotakeshelter________theburningsun.Wesatintheshade,_________(shelter)fromthesun.Mymother,whohada__________(shelter)upbringing（撫育）,hasfantasticmemoriesofchildhood.Hemanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoshelterhim________badweather.答案：from;from;sheltering;sheltered;fromruinn.[C]廢墟（pl.ruins）[U]破壞；毀壞；破產(chǎn)v.毀掉；使破產(chǎn)名詞短語：_____/____________ruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪動詞短語：ruinone'shope使某人的希望破滅ruinone'shealth損害某人的健康ruinoneself自我毀滅答案：lie/be;in練習：Yesterdayaheavyrain___________(ruin)ourpicnic.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodin________.Atthattimemywife________(ruin)herhealththroughworry.答案：ruined;ruins;wasruininginshock吃驚shockvt.（使）震驚；（使）氣憤；憤慨n.[U]休克；震驚[C]令人震驚的事；點擊____________adj.吃驚的；震驚的____________adj.令人氣憤的；令人震驚的形容詞短語：beshocked_____/______ 對……吃驚beshockedthat 對……感到震驚beshocked_________sth. 做某事很吃驚答案：shocked;shocking;at;by;todo練習：用shock的適當形式填空They___________byherrudenessatyesterday’sparty.The_______news___________everyoneofusatthatmoment.Allthepeoplepresentfelt___________atthe_________accident.答案：wereshocked;shocking;shocked;shocked;shockingthenumberof……的數(shù)目anumberof很多；許多在number之前可加large,small,great,good等表示程度的詞；只修飾可數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式thenumberof……的數(shù)目修飾可數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式練習：1）對比填空(anumberof,thenumberof)①_________________________studentswereabsentfromthemeeting.②Asaconsequence,__________________polarbearsisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.2）用所給動詞的適當形式填空③Thenumberofundergraduates_______________(increase)overtheyears.④Agoodnumberofbooksinthemarket______(be)stillexamination-oriented.答案：Anumberof;thenumberof;hasincreased;are9.trapvt.（trapped;trapped）使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.圈套；困境；（捕捉動物的）夾子，羅網(wǎng)，陷阱be/gettrapped______/_______困在……中；陷在……中trapsb._______(doing)sth. 誘使某人做某事_______atrapfor 給……設圈套______________atrap 落入圈套/陷阱答案：in;on;into;set;fallinto練習：Becauseofthegreenhouseeffecttheearthiswarmedbygases______(trap)intheatmosphere.Theseincidentsledsomescientiststodevelopwaystokeepthecostlyrobotsfrom__________(trap)inthesand.答案：trapped;beingtrappedburyvt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隱藏___________n.埋葬；葬禮bury...______/_______... 把……埋藏在……beburied_____埋頭于；專心于buryoneself_____埋頭于；專心致志于；隱居在buryone'sface/headinhands _________________答案：burial;in;at;in;in;雙手抱頭；掩面練習：He__________(bury)himselfinthecountrytowriteabooklastyear.Ourdogoften_________(bury)itsbonesinthegarden.Oncethehouse__________(bury)undertenfeetofsnow.Hewalkedslowly,hishands________(bury)inhispockets.Herheadwasburied_______thebookwhileshewasreading.Intheeveningsheburied__________(he)inhisbooks.答案：buried；buries；wasburied;buried;in;himselfbreathevi.&vt.呼吸____________n.呼吸；氣息____________adj.氣喘吁吁的____________adv.氣喘吁吁地____________adj.令人驚嘆的；驚人的動詞短語：breathe_____/______吸氣/呼氣名詞短語：_______one’sbreath恢復正常呼吸_______one’sbreath屏住呼吸be__________breath喘不過氣來takeone’sbreathaway_______________abreathofair/wind_______________答案：breath;breathless;breathlessly;breathtaking;in;out;catch;hold;outof;令某人驚嘆；一絲微風練習：Thereisn’ta____________(breathe)ofwindtoday.Itisgood_____________(breathe)infreshairinsteadofcitysmoke.Hewas__________(breathe)heavilyafterchasingthebus.Heavysmokingmakeshim___________(breath).Thenewmanagerhas___________(breathe)freshlifeintothecompany.Hehasgreatdifficultyincatching_________(he)breath.Shewasoutof__________(breathe)fromclimbingthestairs.Thedoctortoldmetobreathe_________andthenbreatheoutslowly.答案：breath;tobreathe;breathing;breathless;breathed;his;breath;ineffortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力makeefforts努力；盡力makeefforts/anefforttodosth.（盡一切）努力做某事suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦；遭受；變差______________n.[C]受難者；患者______________n.[C,U]（身體/精神上的）痛苦（作可數(shù)名詞時常用復數(shù)）經(jīng)受痛苦：___________________遭受失?。篲________________蒙受巨大損失：________________________心臟病發(fā)作：__________________________suffer______遭受；患......??；因......而痛苦答案：sufferer;suffering;sufferpain;sufferadefeat;sufferhugelosses;sufferaheartattack;from練習：Thewarhascausedterrible___________tothelocalpeople.Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromfellow___________.Shortlyafter_________fromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.Youhavenofeelingforthe__________ofothers.He_________headinjuriesinaroadaccident.答案：suffering;sufferers;suffering;sufferings;suffered長難句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!asif的用法意為“仿佛；好像”，與asthough同義，可以引導表語從句，也可以引導方式狀語從句。asif/asthough引導表語從句，主語中的系動詞常用look,appear,seem,sound等。Itsoundsasif/asthoughyouhadagoodtime.asif/asthough引導方式狀語從句Irememberedthewholethingasif/asthoughithappenedyesterday.3）asif還可引導狀語從句。當說話人認為從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生(存在)的情況時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，結構如下：與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語動詞用過去時(be動詞用were)與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞用過去完成時(haddone)與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞用would/could/mightdo1）Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasiftheyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它們不存在似的。2）ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你說得好像是我打破的似的？3）Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他張開嘴好像要說些什么。練習：①HetreatsmeasifI_________(be)hisowndaughter.②Theytalkedasif/thoughthey______________(be)friendsforyears.③Itseemsasif_____________________________________________.噪聲似乎是從樓下傳來的。答案：were;hadbeen;thenoisecamefromupstairs.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.“主語+系動詞+表語+todo”結構在此結構中，表語一般為性質形容詞，常見的性質形容詞有easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,light,pleasant,good,nice,comfortable,dangerous,impossible等。此句型可轉換成“It+be+adj.+動詞不定式”的結構。注意：在該結構中，當動詞不定式或句子主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式表示被動意義。Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.=Itisnoteasytogetalongwithhim.Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.=Itisveryinterestingtoreadthebook.當不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，要在其后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositon.=Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortabletositonthechair.練習：Thismachineisveryeasy___________(operate).Anyonecanlearntouseitinafewminutes.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable___________(hold).Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood___________(breather).Thenoiseoutsideishardtoputup____________.___________isunfittodrinkthewaterinthiswell.答案：tooperate;tohold;tobreathe;with;ItSoonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soliderstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.常接動詞不定式作賓補的動詞advise，allow，ask，command（命令），encourage，invite，persuade（說服），prefer，tell練習：Firstofall,pleaseallowme_____________(introduce)myselftoyou.Tom’sbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshim___________(study)hardandgotocollege.TheChairmanthoughtitnecessarytoinviteatthemeeting.答案：tointroduce;tostudy;tospeakPeriodIIDiscoveringUsefulStructure&ListeningandTalkingsupplyn.[C]供應（量）；儲備；（復數(shù)）補給品，必需品[U]供應；供給v.提供；供應______________n.供應商in______supply供應短缺supplysb______sth.給某人提供某物supplysth______sb提供某物給某人be________/________suppliedwithsth.某物供應充足/不足答案：supplier;short;with;to;well;poorly練習：Apipelinehasbeenbuilt___________(supply)someeasternprovinceswithnaturalgasfromthewestofChina.Wateris_________shortsupply,pollutionisworsening,andthereisnoaffordablehousingleftforthemtobuy.Thebrainrequiresconstant___________(supply)ofoxygen.Theloungewaswellsupplied___________ashtrays.答案：tosupply;in;supply;withsurvivevt.幸存；幸免于難；艱難度過；比......活（或存在）的時間長vi.生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在___________n.幸存者；生還者___________n.[U]幸存[C]殘余物；幸存物survive_______依靠......生存下來答案：survivor;survival;on練習：AsfarasIknow,hesurvived_______asmallbottleofwaterinthedesert.Inthetrafficaccident,the__________(survive)wereallbadlyinjured.Ifcancersarespottedearly,there’sahighchanceof____________(survive).Herparentsdiedintheaccident,butshe__________(survive).Noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrights_________(survive).答案：on;survivors;survival;survived;tosurvivecalmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的；（海洋、湖泊等）風平浪靜的；（天氣）無風的v.（使）鎮(zhèn)靜；（使）平靜__________adv.鎮(zhèn)定地；沉著地__________n.平靜；鎮(zhèn)定形容詞短語：________/_________/_________保持冷靜動詞短語：calm(sb)_________（使某人）安靜下來；（使某人）平靜下來答案：calmly;calmness;keep;remain;stay;down練習：Allthingstheregavehimsfeelingofsecurityand__________(calm).Everyonemustthinkthissituationthrough_________(calm)andcoolly.Somepeoplesaysoftmusic__________(calm)ournerves（神經(jīng)）.Hewasveryexcited,anditwaslongbeforehe_________(calm)down.Neverhaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself__________.答案：calmness;calmly;calms;calmed;down易混辨析：calm，quite，still與silent易混詞用法calm指湖泊、海洋等處于一種風平浪靜的狀態(tài)；指人鎮(zhèn)靜或不慌張；還可以指地點、時期、情況等是平靜的或穩(wěn)定的。quiet指物時，表示沒有喧鬧或沒有騷動，處于一種靜止的狀態(tài)或寧靜的環(huán)境；指人時，表示不發(fā)出聲音或不發(fā)表意見，也可指人的性格溫和、文靜、不易激動等。still主要指完全無動作，通常用于表示物理上的靜止，不表示心理上的平靜。silent著重指沉默無語或沒有聲音，但不一定指沒有動作或活動。練習：You’dbetterkeep_________aboutthisanddon’ttellanyoneelse.Helivesa________lifeinthecountry.Pleasesit________whenItakeyourphoto.Afterthestormtheseawas___________.答案：silent/quiet;quiet;still;calmaidn.援助；幫助；救援物資；援助款項v.幫助；援助名詞短語：give______aid進行急救_______theaidof在......的幫助下______/_______tosb’said=_______/_______totheaidofsb.幫助某人_____aidofsb./sth.為了幫助某人/某事動詞短語：aidsb____(doing)sth.幫助某人（做）某事aidsbtodosth.幫助某人做某事aidsb_______sth.在某方面幫助某人答案：first;with;come;go;come;go;in;in;with練習：Alargecrowdcame_______theaidoftheinjured.Adictionarycanaidus_________learninganewlanguage._________theaidofthelocalguide,wefinallymadeitoutofthejungle.Theneighboursareplanningaconcert_______aidofthechurchrepairs.答案：to;in;With;inPeriodIIIReadingforWritingsweep（swept，swept）v.打掃；清掃；吹走；沖走；橫掃；掠過；風行___________n.清潔工；清掃機器sweep______打掃；清掃sweep_______消滅；摧毀；徹底消除sweep______/________/_________掃視；掠過sweep_______掃過；掠過；風行答案：sweeper;up;away;over;across;around;throughstrikevi.&vt.（struck，struck/stricken）____________n.前鋒突然發(fā)生（某種不幸）；（災難、疾病等）侵襲常用搭配：bestruck______被......侵襲碰撞；撞擊攻擊；突然襲擊strike______朝......打去strike______回擊；反擊（使）突然想起；（使）突然想到_____________________________________=Itoccurstosbthat...使某人突然想起（摩擦）打（火花）；劃；擊出（火星）、（時鐘）敲，鳴，響v.&n.罷工be______strike在罷工go_____strike舉行罷工答案：striker;by;at;back;Itstrikessbthat;on;on練習：Thetowerofthechurch__________(strike)bylightinglastnight.Theelectricityworkershavebeen________strikeforseveralweeks.Hefell,hishead_________(strike)onthetable.答案：wasstruck;on;strikingdelivervt.&vi.遞送；傳達vt.發(fā)表___________n.傳遞；傳送deliversth._____...把某物投遞/傳送/運送到……deliversb._____...把某人從……中解救出來delivera_________/_________發(fā)表演講答案：delivery;to;from;speech;addresseffectn.影響；結果；效果；效應；作用___________v.影響；（疾病）侵襲；深深打動___________adj.有效的；實際的____________adj.無效的____________adv.有效地；實際地常用搭配：havean/no/much/littleeffect_______...對......有/沒有/有很大/幾乎沒有影響_______andeffect因果（關系）sideeffect(s)_________________________effect開始起作用；見效takeeffect/comeintoeffect生效答案：affect;effective;ineffective;effectively;on;cause;