虛擬語氣 全市獲獎

TheSubjunctiveMood語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用不同的動詞形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式.一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件狀語從句中或方式狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與過去相反的假設(shè)與將來相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式（were/did)主語+would/couldshould/might＋動詞原形If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋would/couldshould/might＋havedone1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語＋would/couldshould/might＋動詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會努力學習．如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’tget2.IfI____you,I____veryhappy.A.were;wouldbeB.am;shallbeC.were;shallbeD.am;wouldbe3.Ifit____tomorrow,theshowwouldbeputoff.A.rainsB.israiningC.hadrainedD.shouldrain4.IfIhadknownthat,I____so.A.wouldn’tdoB.wouldn’thavedoneC.won’tdoD.shouldn’tdo

如果上天(God)能夠給我一個再來一次的機（anotherchance），我會對那個女孩子說：我愛你。如果非要(haveto)在這份愛上加上一個期限（addaperiodofthelove），我希望是……

一萬年……如果我是上帝，我將擁有一切。如果我見過上帝，我一定已經(jīng)與他交朋友了。如果有一天我能見到上帝，我會告訴他我的夢想。我希望我能見到阿波羅(Apollo)，因為我熱愛陽光。我希望我能見到丘比特(Cupid)，因為愛情是最美麗的。但是我不可能見到上帝(Itisimpossiblethat……)，所以最重要的還是要努力學習(itisimportant……)。我和上帝IfIwereGod,Iwouldhaveeverything.IfIhadmetGod,Iwouldhavemadefriendswithhim.IfIshouldseeGodoneday,Iwouldtellhimmydream.IwishIcouldmeetAppolo,becauseIlovesunlight.IwishIcouldmeetCupid,becauseloveisthemostbeautiful.ButitisimpossiblethatImeetGod.Soitisthemostimportantthatweshouldstudyhard.IandGod注意事項：1.當條件狀語從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句（混合虛擬語氣）。動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好多了．如果你努力學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學生了．時間狀語/各取所需２.省略

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should

提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.注意：

當省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。改錯：

Weren’titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.3.含蓄條件句有時根據(jù)表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替。常用with/without/butfor/or/otherwise等Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars?)Icouldn’thavelivedintheworldwithoutyourlove.(=ifIhadn’tgotyourlove.)Butforrain，wewouldhavefinishedthework.(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨立結(jié)構(gòu))Givenmoretime,hecouldhavedoneitbetter.(非謂語)=Ifhehadbeengivenmoretime二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用（1）用于賓語從句１、wish后面的賓語從句。一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在一般過去時表過去過去完成時表將來would/could＋動詞原形HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!HowIwish+(that)+賓從！我多么希望…！IwishI_______astallasyou.wereIwishI_____abird.wereIwishI

____________(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teatenIwishit___________(rain)tomorrow.wouldnotrain2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist（一個堅持）,order,command,（兩個命令）suggest,advise,propose,（三個建議）require,request,demand,

desire（四個要求）

.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist表示”堅持認為“之意時，應用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意．那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢．簡記為1234

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動詞原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural...)+that”中，that從句中的謂語動詞用:（should）+動詞原形

我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。It’s

naturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/requireddesired/recommended/proposed…+that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動詞原形Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…句型中從句也常用(should)+動詞原形

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.

1.

Itis(high/about)time(that)…從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導的感嘆句（如果…就好了！)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用一般過去時;如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時。IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!IfonlyIwerethemanbesidethefairy!IfonlyIcouldsendamessagetoPrimeMinister

ofJapan,Iwouldaskhimtogotohell!比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示“只有…(才)”；ifonly則表示“如果…就好了”。

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.Youwillsucceedonlyifyoustrivehard.

Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung!

當時鬧鐘響了,就好了。

3.wouldrather+從句

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.IwouldratheryouhadnotgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)似乎/好像常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用一般過去時；與過去事實相反用過去完成時。Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，從句用一般過去時。與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時。5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoug