口語4綜合題6完全把握得分點

例子例子解釋5*（非必要Oneofthehardestpartsofteachingiskeepingyourstudents'attention.Now,thekeytodoingthisisunderstandingtheconceptofattention.（主題）Basically,therearetwotypesofattention.ThefirsttypeisactiveActiveattentionisvoluntary.It'swhenyouintentionallymakeyourselffocusonsomething.Andsinceitrequireseffort,it'shardtokeepupforalongtime.（第一個類別，特點是自主和難保持）抓點：attentionactive~voluntaryhardtoOk,so,um,let'ssay（舉例標志）you'reteachinga...abiologyclassandtoday'stopicis'frogs'allrightYou'restandingatthefrontoftheroomandlecturing,"A-frog-is-a-type-of-animal-known-as-an-amphibian.'Well,thisisn'tnecessarilygoingtokeepthestudentsinterest（背景，上課狀態(tài)）ButmostofthemwillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentiontoyourlectureButit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheygetdistracted.（結(jié)果：強迫，走神） hardNowtheothertypeofattentionispassiveattentionwhenit'sinvoluntary.（第二個類別）Passiveattentionrequiresnoeffortbecauseithappensnaturally.Ifsomething'sreallyinteresting,studentsdon'thavetoforcethemselvestopayattentiontoit.Theydoitwithouteventhinkingaboutit（特點是自然發(fā)生不費勁）So,backtoourbiologylecture,youstarttalkingaboutfrogs,andthenyoupullalivefrogoutofyourbriefcase.You'redescribingitwhileyouholditup,showthestudentshowlongitslegsareandandhowthey'reusedforjumping,forexample.（背景：上課生動）Then,maybeyou'llevenletthefrogjumparoundabitonthedeskorthefloor.（過分細節(jié)）Inthiscase,bydoingsomethingunexpected,somethingmoreengaging,youcantapintotheirpassiveattentionanditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.（有趣事是使注意力自然發(fā)生且保持）Aslongasthefrogisstillthere,yourstudentswillbeinterested.Usingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,explainthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassiveattention.Inthislecture,theprofessortalksabouttwotypesofX.（15sec）Thefirst is(called/about) (whichmeansthat) Forexample,例子（時態(tài)）(20Thesecond is(called/about)，(whichmeansthat) Forexample,例子（時態(tài)）(20Oneofthehardestpartsofteachingiskeepingyourstudents'attention.Now,thekeytodoingthisisunderstandingtheconceptofattention.Basically,therearetwotypesofattention.Thefirsttypeis'active'.Activeattentionisvoluntary.It'swhenyouintentionallymakeyourselffocusonsomething.Andsinceitrequireseffort,it'shardtokeepupforalongtime.Theprofessortalksabouttwotypesofattention,oneiscalledactiveattetion,whichisvoluntaryandrequiresefforttokeep.Ok,so,um,let'ssayyou'reteachinga...abiologyclass,andtoday'stopicis'frogs',allright?You'restandingatthefrontoftheroomandlecturing,"A-frog-is-a-type-of-animal-known-as-an-amphibian.'Well,thisisn'tnecessarilygoingtokeepthestudents'interest.Butmostofthemwillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentiontoyourlecture.Butit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheygetdistracted.Forexample,ifyou'reteachingabiologyclassandintroducingafrogbyitsdefinition,studentswillforcethemselvestopayactiveattentionbutthey'llgetdistractedsoon.Nowtheothertypeofattentionispassiveattentionwhenit'sinvoluntary.Passiveattentionrequiresnoeffortbecauseithappensnaturally.Ifsomething'sreallyinteresting,studentsdon'thavetoforcethemselvestopayattentiontoit.Theydoitwithouteventhinkingaboutit.Anothertypeofattentioniscalledpassiveattentionwhichrequiresnoeffortandhappensnaturally.So,backtoourbiologylecture,youstarttalkingaboutfrogs,andthenyoupullalivefrogoutofyourbriefcase.You'redescribingitwhileyouholditup,showthestudentshowlongitslegsareand,andhowthey'reusedforjumping,forexample.Then,maybeyou'llevenletthefrogjumparoundabitonthedeskorthefloor.Inthiscase,bydoingsomethingunexpected,somethingmoreengaging,youcantapintotheirpassiveattentionanditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.Aslongasthefrogisstillthere,yourstudentswillbeinterested.Takingthesameexampleagain,ifyoushowyourstudentonyourbiologyclasswhatdoesalivefroglooklike,youaredoingsomethingmoreengagingtoattractstudents'passiveattention,anditcanlastmuchlongerthanactiveattention.Whenpeopleareindifficultsituations,sometimestheyexperiencefeelingsofhelplessness,orpsychologicalpain.So,whatdotheydo?Theyunconsciouslyusestrategiescalleddefensemechanisms,（主題）toprotectthemselvespsychologicallyfromtheirpainfulemotions.（背景）Let'ssay（舉例標志）awomanhasapetdog.She'shadthisdogforalongtime,andhe'skepthercompanyandguardedherforyears...butonedayherunsaway.Thiswomanlookseverywhere,andasksotherpeopleifthey'veseenherdog...butshejustcan'tfindhim.Now,shefeelshelplessandsad（對應(yīng)背景：painfulemotions）becauseshemissesherSoshe'llunconsciouslyfindways（銜接分類）todealwithherpainfulfeelings.Onedefensemechanism（第一個方法）shemightuseisfantasy.Withfantasy,thewomanusesherimagination.Soinsteadofjustfeelinghelplessandsadaboutherlostdog,sheinventsahappystory（具體做法）inhermind.Shemightimaginethatanicefamilyfoundhimandfeedshim,andthathe'sreallyhappywiththem.She'llpicturethedogplaying,runningaround...havingfun.（大段情景描述）Becauseofthisfantasy（總結(jié)標志）shedoesn'thavetofeelsadaboutherdogrunningawayIt'safantasy..it'snotreal,butitkeepsherpainaway.Anotherdefensemechanism（第二個方法）shemightuse,iswhatwecallsublimation.Sublimationisdifferentfromfantasy,becausesublimationisn'taboutpretending...it'saboutturningnegativeemotionsintosomethinguseful.（具體做法）Practical.So,thewomanmightstartadogtrainingschool.（具體做法）Thatway,bytrainingdogs,perhapsshecanhelppreventotherpeople'sdogsfromrunningaway,likehersdid.Inotherwords,（重復(fù)標志）withsublimationasadefensemechanism,thewomanredirectshernegativefeelingsaboutlosingherdogintoapositive,constructiveactivity.（總結(jié)，重復(fù)上文）Usingpointsandexamplesfromthetalk,describethetwodefensemechanismsmentionedbytheprofessor.Theprofessortalksabout2defensemechanismspeopleusewhentheyexperiencedifficult