2021屆新高考版高考英語(yǔ)小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（十八）（含答案解析）

2021新高考版高考英語(yǔ)小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（十八）

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PassageA

Sharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersinthesea.

Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremelydangerous.

Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.

TheGreatWhiteShark

GreatWhitesareoneofthemostfrighteningcreaturesinthesea.Theyliveintropicaland

subtropicalwaters,andtheycangrowupto9meterslong.MostGreatWhitesareactuallygrey,

blueorbrownwithawhitebelly,andtheirpowerfulteetharetriangleswithedgeslikesaws.

TheWhaleShark

WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto11metersinlength.Theylive

intropicalwatersallaroundtheworld,buttheyarenotdangerous.WhaleSharksarebrownor

greywithwhiteoryellowstripes.Theyoftentravelnearthesurfaceofthesea.

TheMakoShark

MakoSharksarefiercepredators.TheycomefromthesamefamilyofsharksastheGreat

Whiteandtheyareespeciallyfast-theycanswimatspeedsofupto65kilometersperhour.They

arelargebluishsharksfoundintheAtlantic,PacificandIndianoceans.MakoSharkscangrowup

to3meterslong.

TheGreatHammerheadShark

TheGreatHammerheads*moststrikingfeatureisitswidethickheadwhichlookslikea

hammer.TheaveragesizeofaGreatHammerheadisapproximately3.5meters,butcangrowup

to6meterslong.Thesesharksaverageover500poundsbutcanweighasmuchas1,000pounds.

Likemostsharksthefemalesarelargerthanthemales.Theyhaveseveralrowsofteeththathave

24to37teethperrow.TheGreatHammerheadhasaverykeensenseofsmell,whichhelpsfind

itsprey.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Sharksusuallyliveinicywaters.

B.MakoSharksarefastbutnotdangerous.

C.GreatWhiteshaveatleast24to37sharpteeth.

D.WhaleSharksarebiggerthanothersharksinthesea.

2.WhyisasharkcalledtheGreatHammerhead?

A.Thesizeofitsbody.B.Thewatersitlivesin.

C.Theshapeofitshead.D.Thefunctionofitsteeth.

3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Abiologymagazine.

PassageB

OneSaturdayafternooninJune,inthebusystreetsofcentralLondon,somethingstrange

happened.AmanwasseenapparentlyfloatingbesideaLondonbusasitdroveabouttown.Oneof

hisarmswasstretchedoutandwasattachedtotheroofofthebus.Thisarmappearedtobetheonly

thingsupportingtherestofhisbody.Themanwavedtothecrowdswithhisotherhandandmoved

hislegs.Washereallywalkingonair?Howwasitpossible?Itturnedouttobethelatestshowfrom

Dynamo,oneoftheworld'smostthrillingillusionists（魔術(shù)師）.

Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.Twoyearsearlier,tourists

walkingbytheRiverThameswerealittleconcernedtoseeayoungmangodownsomestepstothe

edgeoftheriverandlookthoughtfullyacrosstotheotherside.Washegoingtothrowhimselfinto

theriver?Moreandmorepeoplegatheredonthebridgetoseewhatwasgoingon.Andtotheir

completedisbelief,helifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.Hedidn'tsink!Thenhetook

anotherstep,andanother,andanother.Hundredsofphotosweretakenbytheonlookersandthenext

daythenewspaperswerefullofthefascinatingstory.

DynamoisthestagenameofStephenFrayne,whowasborninthenorthernEnglishtownof

Bradford.Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedtobecomeoneinthefuture.

Taughtbyhisgrandfather,heshowedgreattalentinit.Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdance

andthenmadeanameforhimself.Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?

4.HowdidDynamoastonishtheaudience?

A.ByfloatingonthetopofaLondonbus.

B.Byperformingsomequiteunbelievabletricks.

C.Bybeingattachedtothebuswithonehand.

D.Bybeingamagicianasayoungboy.

5.WhathelpedDynamogainhisearliestfame?

A.Owningaspecialstagename.

B.WalkingacrosstheRiverThamesalone.

C.Beingtheonlyonefloatingbyamovingbus.

D.Presentinganappealingcombinedtrick.

6.WhoinspiredDynamotodecideonhiscareerfirst?

A.Somestreetmagicians.

B.Hisgrandfather.

C.Breakingdanceperformers.

D.Theaudience.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Dynamooncewasagreatmagician.

B.Dynamo'sgrandpaknowsagreatmagician.

C.Dynamo'scareeristakingoff.

D.Dynamoisthemostsuccessfulmagicianatpresent.

PassageC

Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismothertookhimtothe

doctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossibletreatmentsfailed,doctors

removedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.

Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworld

aroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.Thismethodenabled

Bentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parkedcars,garbagecans,andsoon.He

wasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoffobjectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthe

reflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhissurroundings.

Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatfbrahuman,butthousandsofblindpeople

haveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwrittenaboutsinceatleastthe1940s,

whentheword"echolocation”wasfirstinventedinasciencearticletitledEcholocationbyBlind

Men,Bats,andRadar.n

Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthesurroundingswithone's

ears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.

MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteeth

andfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,

memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.

InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.As

aresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreased

processingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearing

provesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainareaaparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.

1.HowdidBen4tsee^^afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.

C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fbat"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?

A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.

D.Manbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.

4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?

A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.

C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.

PassageD

Amsterdam'sBlossomingBikesPopUp

Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeenpoppingupall

overAmsterdamforyears.1.TheyarefromanAmericanmannamedWarren

Gregory.

KnownfondlyastheFlowerBikeMan,Warren^bike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhis

wifecouldn'tfindherbikeatAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledto

rememberdetailslikewheresheparkedherbike.Tohelpherout,Warrendecoratedherbikein

brightflowers.2.Hethendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,whichheleftalongthe

routehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.

3.Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreetsearly

inthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.Eachbikewascarefullynamed

andhaditsownpersonality,allrepresentingloveandhappiness.

Warrencreatesthebikesusingmoneyoutofhisownpocket,andusesold,abandonedbikes

thathecollects.Bringingtheseforgottenwrecksbacktolifeisbeautifulinsomanyways.Ina

countrywherepeoplelovebikessomuch,it'snowonderthatWarrenhasbecomeatreasurein

Amsterdam.PeopleloveWarren'sbicyclessomuchthattheyinsistonpayingforhiscreations.

4.“Forme,seeingthebikesIcreatedisenough,“hesaid.

Otherthanbeingacreativeartist,Warrenisalsoareallyniceguy.HisInstagrampostsare

floodedwithencouragementsandwordsoflove,andyoucanfeelthetimeandlovethathepours

intoeverybikethathecreates.5.

A.Buttheyareunacceptable

B.Inthatcase,itwouldbeeasiertofind

C.Butmoneyisneverhismainmotivation

D.Youmaywonderwhytheyaresopopular

E.Joyofpassers-bygeneratedhisfurtherenthusiasm

F.WetrulyneedmorepeopleliketheFlowerBikeMan

G.TheyarenottheworksfromamysteriousDutchbikefairy

PassageE

假設(shè)你是李華，上周四下午，你學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦了“世界地球日”活動(dòng)。作為學(xué)校英語(yǔ)報(bào)

社的記者，請(qǐng)你就本次活動(dòng)寫(xiě)一篇題目為“EarthDay,TakeAction”的英文報(bào)道。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如

下：

1.活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn);

2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容：

(1)打掃教室衛(wèi)生；

(2)校園撿垃圾；

(3)檢查水龍頭等；

3.活動(dòng)的意義。

注意：詞數(shù)80左右；可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫

EarthDay,TakeAction

參考答案：

A

1.D根據(jù)TheWhaleShark中“WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld-upto

11metersinlength.(鯨鯊是世界上最大的鯊魚(yú)，身長(zhǎng)可達(dá)11米。)”可知，鯨鯊比海里的其

他鯊魚(yú)都大。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.C根據(jù)TheGreatHammerheadShark中“TheGreatHammerheads'moststrikingfeature

isitswidethickheadwhichlookslikeahammer.(大錘頭鯊最顯著的特征是它又寬又厚的頭，

看起來(lái)像錘子。)”可知，因?yàn)樗^的形狀，有一種鯊魚(yú)被稱(chēng)為大錘頭鯊。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.D根據(jù)第一段uSharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersin

thesea.Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremely

dangerous.Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.(鯊魚(yú)是令人驚奇的生物。它

們是海洋中最致命的獵手。幸運(yùn)的是，大多數(shù)鯊魚(yú)都不是，但有一些種類(lèi)的鯊魚(yú)可能是極其

危險(xiǎn)的。看看這些對(duì)四種鯊魚(yú)的簡(jiǎn)短描述。)”本文介紹了四種海洋里的鯊魚(yú)，可知，本文

可能選自一本生物學(xué)雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。

B

1o根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thiswasn'tthefirsttimeDynamohadamazedthepeopleofLondon.

（這已經(jīng)不是迪納摩第一次讓倫敦人感到驚訝了）''和第五句"Andtotheircompletedisbelief,he

lifteduphisfootandsteppedontothewater.（讓他們完全難以置信的是，他抬起一只腳，踩到

了水面上廣可知，迪納摩表演了一些令人難以置信的戲法，使觀眾們大吃一驚。故選B。

2o根據(jù)最后一段倒第二句"Hecombinedcardtrickswithbreakingdanceandthenmadea

nameforhimself.（他把紙牌戲法和霹靂舞結(jié)合起來(lái)，然后就出了名戶可知，一個(gè)吸引人的組

合戲法幫助迪納摩獲得了他最早的名聲。故選D。

3o根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Hewasattractedbystreetmagiciansasachildandwantedto

becomeoneinthefulure.（他從小就被街頭魔術(shù)師所吸引，并希望將來(lái)能成為一名街頭魔術(shù)

師）”可知，一些街頭魔術(shù)師啟發(fā)迪納摩決定了他的職業(yè)生涯。故選A。

4o根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"Butnowwhateveryonewantstoknowis:afterwalkingonair

andwater,whatishegoingtodonext?（但現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都想知道的是：在空中和水上行走之后，

他下一步要做什么？）”可知，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都在期待他的表?yè)P(yáng)，所以迪納摩的事業(yè)正在起飛。

故選C。

C

1o根據(jù)第二段中"Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor

feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.（但

在他七歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種感受周?chē)澜绲募夹g(shù)：他用嘴發(fā)出咔噠咔噠的聲音，

聽(tīng)著聲音的回音）“可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通過(guò)回聲定位周?chē)h(huán)境。故選D。

2o根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen

did”可知，回聲定位對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)可能聽(tīng)起來(lái)是一項(xiàng)不太可能的技能，但成千上萬(wàn)的盲人已經(jīng)

完善了這項(xiàng)技能，就像Ben一樣。由此推知，畫(huà)線詞意思是“技能:A.Skill.技能；B.Task.

任務(wù);C.Sense.感覺(jué)；D.Invention.發(fā)明。故選A。

3o根據(jù)第一段的“ForBen,visionwasgoneforever”（對(duì)于Ben來(lái)說(shuō)視覺(jué)永遠(yuǎn)失去了）和

最后?段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessing

sound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthis

increasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在Ben的例

子中，他大腦的靈活線路改變了他的視覺(jué)皮層處理聲音的功能。結(jié)果，Ben有了更多的神經(jīng)

元可用來(lái)處理聽(tīng)到的信息，這種增強(qiáng)的處理能力使Ben能夠以驚人的細(xì)節(jié)解釋聲波）”可知，

Ben雖然失去了視力，但發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能，所以他的故事告訴我們“天無(wú)絕人之路''

的道理。故選C。

4?根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto

circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto

reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.（大自然讓我們的

大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的靈活性。就像鋒利的牙齒和快速的腿有助于生存一樣，大腦的重置能

力也是如此，它允許學(xué)習(xí)、記憶和死亡發(fā)展新技能的能力）”結(jié)合文章講述了Ben兩歲時(shí)摘除

了雙眼，結(jié)果他在七歲時(shí)發(fā)展出了回聲定位的技能。大自然讓我們的大腦充滿了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的

靈活性，Ben的超級(jí)聽(tīng)力證明了一個(gè)更普遍的規(guī)律：一種特殊感官在大腦中占據(jù)的區(qū)域越多，

它的表現(xiàn)就越好?？赏浦?，文章可能選自“人類(lèi)生物學(xué)”專(zhuān)欄。故選B。

D

1：根據(jù)前文"Brightlycolouredbikesdecoratedinflowers,butterfliesandclockshavebeen

poppingupalloverAmsterdamforyears.（多年來(lái)，裝飾著鮮花、蝴蝶和鐘表的色彩鮮艷的自行

車(chē)在阿姆斯特丹隨處可見(jiàn)。）”可知，出現(xiàn)在阿姆斯特丹的自行車(chē)裝扮漂亮，結(jié)合后文"Theyare

fromanAmericanmannamedWarrenGregory.（它們來(lái)自一個(gè)叫沃倫.格雷戈里的美國(guó)人。）”

可知，G項(xiàng)”它們不是來(lái)自神秘的荷蘭自行車(chē)精靈的作品?！迸c后文語(yǔ)義一致，介紹這種裝扮

鮮艷的自行車(chē)的由來(lái)。故選G。

2：根據(jù)前文“Warren'sbike-decoratingcampaignbeganwhenhiswifecouldn'tfindherbike

atAmsterdamCentral.Warren'swife,Michelle,oftenstruggledtorememberdetailslikewhere

sheparkedherbike.Tohelpheroul,Warrendecoratedherbikeinbrightflowers.（他的自行車(chē)裝

飾活動(dòng)始于他妻子在阿姆斯特丹中心找不到她的自行車(chē)。沃倫的妻子米歇爾經(jīng)常很難記住一

些細(xì)節(jié)，比如她把自行車(chē)停在了哪里。為了幫助她，沃倫用鮮艷的花裝飾她的自行車(chē)。）"

可知，這種裝扮鮮艷的自行車(chē)初衷是沃倫用來(lái)幫助妻子快速找到自行車(chē)而為的。選項(xiàng)B“那

樣的話，就更容易找到了?！背薪忧拔?，與后文"HeIhendecoratedabunchofabandonedbikes,

whichheleftalongtheroutehomesothatshewouldnevergetlostagain.（然后他裝飾了一堆廢

棄的自行車(chē)，把它們放在回家的路上，這樣她就不會(huì)再迷路了。）”相呼應(yīng)，語(yǔ)義通順。故選

B。

3：根據(jù)后文"Warrenstarteddecoratingmorebikes,andthenventuredoutintothestreets

earlyinthemorningtoleavehisgiftstotheworldbeforethecitywokeup.（沃倫開(kāi)始裝飾更多

的自行車(chē)，然后在清晨走上街頭，在這座城市蘇醒之前將他的禮物獻(xiàn)給全世界。）”可知，沃

倫更熱衷于裝扮自行車(chē)，所以E項(xiàng)“過(guò)路人的歡樂(lè)使他更加興奮?！闭f(shuō)明了沃倫熱衷于此的原

因。故選E。

4：根據(jù)前文