大學(xué)英語(yǔ)外報(bào)復(fù)習(xí)lesson-7課件

LessonSeven

ObamaWinsasaSecondTermasU.S.PresidentLessonSeven

ObamaWinsasaSWordsupplementhardnews硬新聞;純消息

headlinen．新聞標(biāo)題；內(nèi)容提要

hearsayn．小道消息

highlightsn.要聞

hotnews熱點(diǎn)新聞

humaninterest人情味

in-depthreporting深度報(bào)道

insertn.&vt．插補(bǔ)段落;插稿

interpretativereporting解釋性報(bào)道

invasionofprivacy侵犯隱私(權(quán))

invertedpyramid倒金字塔(寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu))

Wordsupplementhardnews硬新聞;純investigativereporting調(diào)查性報(bào)道journalismn．新聞業(yè);新聞學(xué)

journalistn．新聞?dòng)浾?/p>

killvt．退棄(稿件)；槍斃(稿件)

layoutn．版面編排；版面設(shè)計(jì)

leadn．導(dǎo)語(yǔ)

libeln.v.誹謗(罪)

investigativereporting調(diào)查性報(bào)道大學(xué)英語(yǔ)外報(bào)復(fù)習(xí)lesson-7課件BackgroundinformationQuiz:somerelevantinformationaboutAmericanpoliticsElectionsforPresidentoftheUnitedStates

Someimportantfigures:BarackObama;MittRomneyBackgroundinformationQuiz:soQuiz:somerelevantinformationaboutAmericanpolitics1.WhoisresponsibleforrunningforUSpresidentialelection?A.ThefederalelectioncommissionB.TheStatesC.CongressD.Theorganizationforeconomiccooperationanddevelopment2.USpresidentialelectionsareheldevery__years.A.TwoB.FiveC.EightD.Four

Quiz:somerelevantinformatio3.WhatarethemajorpoliticalpartiesintheUnitedStates?A.WhigandToryB.DemocraticandRepublicanC.ConservativeandLiberalD.EvangelicalandDemocratic4.MembersoftheHouseofRepresentativesareelectedevery__yearsA.TwoB.FiveC.EightD.Four3.Whatarethemajorpolitica5.HowlongarethetermsservedbytheUSsenators?A.TwoyearsB.FouryearsC.SixyearsD.Eightyears5.Howlongarethetermsserv6.WhatisthemaximumnumberoftermsaUSpresidentmayserve?A.OneB.twoC.ThreeD.Four7.Whendoestheinaugurationofpresident-electtakeplaceunderthenormalcircumstances?A.NovemberB.DecemberC.JanuaryD.March6.Whatisthemaximumnumber8.Whichoffollowingwordsmean“therighttovote”?A.SuffrageB.CanvasC.BallotD.Naturalization9.WhenisAmericannationalelectionheld?A.November5B.December25C.ThefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovemberD.Uncertain8.WhichoffollowingwordsmeU.S.Capitol,Washington,D.C.

BuilderslaidthecornerstonefortheUnitedStatesCapitolin1793,andthebuildinghasbeentheseatofthecountry’sSenateandtheHouseofRepresentativessince1800.U.S.Capitol,Washin大學(xué)英語(yǔ)外報(bào)復(fù)習(xí)lesson-7課件LegislativeBranchOrganizationBicameral(twohouse)politicSystemCongress:Senate(100)HouseofRepresentatives(435)

LegislativeBranchOrganizatioTheU.S.Capitol:SenateTheU.S.Capitol:SenateTheU.S.Capitol:HouseofRepresentatives

TheU.S.Capitol:HouseofRepSenateOrganization

Becauseofitsrelativelysmallsize,theSenatehasasimpleorganizationalstructure.Thepresidentprotempore(temporary)controlsthechamber,butindividualmembershavesubstantialpowertoinfluenceorblocklegislation.SenateOrganizationBecauseofStructureoftheHouseStructureoftheHouseExecutiveBranchTheexecutivebranchoftheGovernmentisresponsibleforenforcingthelawsoftheland.President:LeaderofthecountryandCommanderinChiefofthemilitary.VicePresident:PresidentoftheSenateandbecomesPresidentifthePresidentisunabletoserve.Departments:DepartmentheadsadvisethePresidentonpolicyissuesandhelpexecutethosepolicies.IndependentAgencies:Helpexecutepolicyorprovidespecialservices.ExecutiveBranchU.S.President&VicePresidentU.S.President&VicePresidentTheWhiteHouse(front)TheWhiteHouse(front)TheWhiteHouse(back)TheWhiteHouse(back)ExecutiveBranchofGovernmentExecutiveBranchofGovernmentThePresident'sCabinet(15Departments)1.SecretaryofState

DepartmentofState

(1789)國(guó)務(wù)院2.SecretaryoftheTreasury

DepartmentoftheTreasury

(1789)3.SecretaryofDefense

DepartmentofDefense

(1947)4.AttorneyGeneral

DepartmentofJustice

(1870)5.SecretaryoftheInterior

DepartmentoftheInterior

(1849)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)外報(bào)復(fù)習(xí)lesson-7課件6.SecretaryofAgriculture

DepartmentofAgriculture

(1862)7.SecretaryofCommerce

DepartmentofCommerce

(1903)商務(wù)部8.SecretaryofLabor

DepartmentofLabor

(1913)SecretaryofHealthandHumanServices

DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices

(1953)

SecretaryofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment

(1965)6.SecretaryofA11.SecretaryofTransportation

DepartmentofTransportation

(1966):

12.SecretaryofEnergy

DepartmentofEnergy

(1977):

13.SecretaryofEducation

DepartmentofEducation

(1979)SecretaryofVeteransAffairs

DepartmentofVeteransAffairs

(1988):

15.SecretaryofHomelandSecurity

DepartmentofHomelandSecurity

(2003)11.SecretaryofTrJudicialBranch

SupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates---------------美國(guó)最高法院DistrictCourt-----------------------------------------------地方法院ClaimsCourt-----------------------------------------------索賠法院CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuit----------聯(lián)邦巡回上訴法院CourtofInternationalTrade---------------------------國(guó)際貿(mào)易法院TerritorialCourts------------------------------------------屬地法院CourtofMilitaryAppeals-------------------------------軍事上訴法院CourtofVeteransAppeals-----------------------------退伍軍人上訴法院AdministrativeOfficeoftheCourts-----------------法院行政管理局FederalJudicialCenter----------------------------------聯(lián)邦司法中心

JudicialBranch

SupremeCourtTheSupremeCourtBuilding

Since1935thismajesticmarblebuildinginWashington,D.C.,hashousedtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.TheSupremeCourtBuildingElectionofthePresidentOnNovember6,2012,Americanselectedthe45thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.ThisprocesswassetupintheUnitedStatesConstitution.TheConstitutionrequiresacandidateforthepresidencytobe:1.Atleast35yearsold2.AnaturalborncitizenoftheUnitedStates3.AresidentoftheUnitedStatesfor14yearsSohowdoesonebecomePresidentoftheUnitedStates?Thefollowingstepsoutlinethegeneralprocessforpresidentialelections.ElectionofthePresidentStepI:PrimariesandCaucusesTherearemanypeoplewhowouldliketobecomePresident.Eachofthesepeoplehavetheirownideasabouthowourgovernmentshouldwork.Someofthesepeoplecanbelongtothesamepoliticalparty.That'swhereprimariesandcaucusescomein.Intheseelections,partymembersgettovoteforthecandidatethatwillrepresenttheirpartyintheupcominggeneralelection.StepI:PrimariesandCaucusesStep2:NationalConventionsAttheendoftheprimariesandcaucuses,eachpartyholdsanationalconventiontofinalizetheselectionofonePresidentialnominee.Duringthistime,eachPresidentialcandidatechoosesarunning-mate(orVice-Presidentialcandidate).Step2:NationalConventionsStep3:TheGeneral(orPopular)ElectionNowthateachpartyisrepresentedbyonecandidate,thegeneralelectionprocessbegins.Candidatescampaignthroughoutthecountryinanattempttowinthesupportofvoters.FinallyinNovember,thepeoplevoteforonecandidate.Whenapersoncastsavoteinthegeneralelection,theyarenotvotingdirectlyforanindividualPresidentialcandidate.Instead,votersineachstateactuallycasttheirvoteforagroupofpeople,knownaselectors.TheseelectorsarepartoftheElectoralCollegeandaresupposedtovotefortheirstatepreferredcandidate.Step3:TheGeneral(orPopulaStep4:TheElectoralCollegeIntheElectoralCollegesystem,eachstategetsacertainnumberofelectors,basedoneachstate'stotalnumberofrepresentationinCongress.Eachelectorgetsoneelectoralvote.Forexample,alargestatelikeCaliforniagets54electoralvotes,whileRhodeIslandgetsonlyfour.Alltogether,thereare538Electoralvotes.InDecember(followingthegeneralelection),theelectorscasttheirvotes.WhenthevotesarecountedonJanuary6th,thePresidentialcandidatethatgetsmorethanhalf(270)winstheelection.ThePresident-electandVicePresident-electtaketheoathofofficeandareinauguratedtwoweekslater,onJanuary20th.Step4:TheElectoralCollege大學(xué)英語(yǔ)外報(bào)復(fù)習(xí)lesson-7課件SomeimportantfiguresBarackObamaSomeimportantfiguresBarackOBarackHusseinObamawasborninHonolulu(1961),andgraduatedfromColumbia(B.A.1983)andHarvardLawSchool(J.D.1991).Soonafterlawschool,hemovedtoChicago,wherehepracticedcivil-rightslaw,lecturedonconstitutionallawattheUniversityofChicago,andwasactiveinDemocraticParty.HewaselectedtotheIllinoisstatesenatein1996,servinguntilhewonaU.S.Senateseatin2004.AsayoungDemocraticstar,heshockedthe2004Democraticconventionwithhiskeynoteaddress.BarackHusseinObamawasbornHebecameacandidateforthe2008and2012Democraticpresidentialnominationandwaselectedthenation’s44thand45thpresident.ObamaisthefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentinAmericanhistory.HebecameacandidatefortheMittRomneyMittRomneyWillardMittRomneyisanAmericanbusinessmanwhoservedastheGovernorofMassachusettsfrom2003to2007andPresidentandCEOoftheSaltLakeOrganizingCommitteeforthe2002WinterOlympics.HecampaignedfortheRepublicannominationinthepresidentialelection,butwasdefeatedbyJohnMcCain.Romneywonthe2012Republicanpresidentialnomination,becomingthefirstMormontobeamajorpartypresidentialnominee.RomneywasdefeatedbyincumbentDemocraticPresidentBarackObamaintheNovember2012generalelection,losingby332–206electoralcollegevotes.WillardMittRomneyisanAmerHurricaneSandy:HurricaneSandywasthedeadliestandmostdestructivehurricaneofthe2012Atlantichurricaneseason,aswellasthesecond-costliesthurricaneinUnitedStateshistory.TheCostliest:HurricaneKatrina,happenedin

August,2005卡特里娜颶風(fēng)HurricaneSandy:HurricaneSandTextAnalysisTitle:ObamaWinsaSecondTermasU.S.President1.NewsLead/IntroductionPara._1__toPara.___2.MorefactsaboutthetwocandidatesPara.__2_toPara._6__3.MoredetailsabouttheelectionPara._7__toPara._12__4.Romney’slossPara._13__toPara._17__5.ThereasonsforObama’svictoryPara.__18_toPara._23__6.Morerelatedinfo.ofObamaPara.__24_toPara._35__TextAnalysisTitle:ObamaWiNewWordslandsliden.1.avictoryinanelectioninwhichapersonorpoliticalpartygetsfarmorevotesorseatsthantheiropponents.

（選舉中）大獲全勝，一面倒的勝利2.alargeamountofearthandrocksfallingdownaclifforthesideofamountain.

塌方；山崩；滑坡Coalition(1)n.anorganizationofpeople(orcountries)involvedinapactortreatyScore(2)v.Ifyouscoreasuccess,avictory,orahit,youaresuccessfulinwhatyouaredoing贏得;獲得;取得NewWordslandsliden.1.avicnarrow:Ifyouhaveanarrowvictory,yousucceedinwinningbutonlybyasmallamount(勝利)勉強(qiáng)的;(勝負(fù))差距微弱的;險(xiǎn)勝的pickup(3):1.fillwithhighspirits2.startagain,continuefightone’sway:奮勇前進(jìn)narrow:Ifyouhaveanarrowoblique(4)adj.notexpressedinadirectoranopenway拐彎抹角的，不直截了當(dāng)?shù)腃ontention(5)n.ideaoropinionthatsomebodyareexpressinginanargumentordiscussion爭(zhēng)論或討論時(shí)的)看法，觀點(diǎn)batterv.tohitsb.orsth.againandagain,inawaythathurtsorcausesdamage連續(xù)猛擊；毒打；嚴(yán)重破壞leaveeverythingonthefield(6):sparenoefforttodosth.oblique(4)adj.notexpressedfulfill:satisfy,liveupto履行；執(zhí)行；實(shí)現(xiàn)asof(7):截止；在……時(shí)close:(ofacontestorcontestants)evenlymatched(指比賽、選舉等）勢(shì)均力敵的Margin(10)：differencebetweentwoamounts,especiallythedifferenceinthenumberofvotesorpointsbetweenthewinnerandtheloserinanelectionorothercontest

(尤指選票或比分的)差額，差數(shù)

returns(11):N-PLURALresultsofvotesafteranelection(選舉)結(jié)果fulfill:satisfy,liveupto履Milestone(17):

1.

astonebythesideofaroadshowingthedistancestoparticularplaces.

(路邊顯示到某地距離的）里程碑，里程標(biāo)志

2.animportanteventinthehistoryordevelopmentofsomethingorsomeone.

里程碑;重大事件;重要階段

fallshortof:failtosatisfy,asofexpectations不足；缺乏；達(dá)不到；不符合commanderinchief(18):theofficerwhoholdsthesupremecommand總司令；三軍統(tǒng)帥；統(tǒng)帥；最高統(tǒng)帥Milestone(17):1.astonebytbailout(19):helpsb./sth.outofadifficultsituation,oftenbygivingmoney（常指通過(guò)出資）幫助…脫離困境;保釋（某人）；（從飛機(jī)上）跳傘逃生bailoutn.（公司所受的）緊急援助；跳傘Backer(21):n.someonewhohelpsorsupportsaproject,organization,orperson,oftenbygivingorlendingmoney

支持者；資助者

bailout(19):helpsb./sth.oArc(22):partofacurvedlineorcircle(弧線),inthisarticleitmeansacontinuousprogressionorlinefar-reaching:havingbroadrangeoreffect深遠(yuǎn)的；影響深遠(yuǎn)的Landmark(23):buildingorfeaturewhichiseasilynoticedandcanbeusedtojudgeyourpositionorthepositionofotherbuildingsorfeatures.

地標(biāo)；陸標(biāo)animportantstageinthedevelopmentofsomething里程碑；轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)NBAHallofFame(30):NBA名人堂NBAHallofFamer

Arc(22):partofacurvedlineDetailedstudyofthetext1.Para2.1stsentence:Obama,thenation’sfirstAfricanAmericanpresident,wonadecisivevictoryfinallybyputtingaseriesofnarrowvictoriestogetherduringhissecondrunforthepresident.2.2ndsentence:battlegrounds(p72note2)3.para.4:Obamaalsoindirectlymentionedtheweakadvantageofhiscampaign,hepointedoutthatthisfierceelectionwillbeenviedincountrieswithfewerfreedomsaroundtheworldbecausetheargumentstheyhadintheelectionaresymboloffreedom.Detailedstudyofthetext1.PPara.5.:Romney,aformerMassachusettsgovernor,hadbasedhiscampaignonjustoneargumentthatthecountry’seconomyisseriouslydamagedbecauseofObama’sfailures,andhisbusinessexperiencemadehimtheuniquelyqualifiedonetodealwiththesituation.Para.7:TillearlyWednesday,ObamaandRomneyareevenlymatchedinFlorida,butthisisirrelevanttoObamabecausehehadgot270electoralvotes.Para.5.:Romney,aformerMassPara.9lastsen.:Now,ObamawasdeterminedtothrowhimselfintotheoldpartisanpoliticsandfightwiththeRepublicanswhomhesaidsupportedtherichandhehimselftriedtowinthesupportfromwomen.Para.10lastsen.:ThereareonetimemorewomenvoterswhovotedforObamathantheoneswhovotedforRomney.exitpoll:投票站出口民調(diào)Para.9lastsen.:Now,ObamawPara.11:CapitolHill：theU.S.CongressPara.16:TheTeaPartyisatermadoptedbyagroupofUSconservativeswhodon’tliketaxes.It’sbasedontheBostonTeaParty,whichiswhatagrouppeoplewerecalledwhentheyprotestedBritishtaxeswhentheUSwasaBritishcolony.ButthewordsteapartyhaveadifferentmeaningintheUSWestandSouthwest.Ifabasketballteamisfacingtoughcompetition,someonewillsay,“Itwon’tbeateaparty,”meaningitwon’tbeapolitefight.Para.11:CapitolHill：theU.InTexas,wheremostpeoplechoosecoffeeovertea,thewordteacanbeaninsult.TexasA&MUniversityfootballteammemberscalltheirrivals,theUniversityofTexas,“teasippers.”AndtheUniversityofTexasfootballteamhasbeenknowntocalltheColoradofootballteam“teasippers,”meaningthey’renotverytough.(taxedenoughalready)茶黨這一說(shuō)法，取自一群討厭稅收的美國(guó)保守主義者。它起源于波士頓茶葉黨，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)還是英國(guó)的殖民地，有一群人起來(lái)反抗英國(guó)當(dāng)局的稅收政策，因此得名。InTexas,wheremostpeoplech但是在美國(guó)西部和西南部，teaparty這個(gè)詞還有別的意思。如果一個(gè)籃球隊(duì)面臨一場(chǎng)艱難的比賽，有人就會(huì)說(shuō)，“Itwon’tbeateaparty”，意思是說(shuō)這場(chǎng)比賽不太好打。在德州，大部分人不喝茶喝咖啡，tea這個(gè)詞帶有侮辱性質(zhì)。德州農(nóng)工大學(xué)橄欖球隊(duì)稱他們的對(duì)手德州大學(xué)球隊(duì)為“teasippers（茶客）”，而德州大學(xué)球隊(duì)把同樣的稱呼用于科羅拉多球隊(duì)，意思是說(shuō)他們太弱了。但是在美國(guó)西部和西南部，teaparty這個(gè)詞還有別的意思Para.32:WhenoneWisconsinwomanpickedupthephonetolistentoObama,hehadgotthechancetomakeacorrectjudgmentabouthisrunningforthesecondtermasthepresident.

put/get/keepsth.inperspective:tojudgetheimportanceofsth.correctly正確判斷/看待put/get/keepsth.outofperspective:to

failtojudgetherealimportanceofsth.不正確地判斷/看待Para.32:WhenoneWisconsinwQuestion1:WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthepresentObamaandtheonefouryearsagoinaccordancewiththetext?FouryearsagoObamawasahopefuluniter,butnowheisadeterminedfighterformiddle-classinterests;fouryearsagohepromisedtoeliminatethecountry’spartisanpoliticsbutfailed,butnowheisdeterminedtothrowhimselfintoitandfightwithRepublicans.Question1:WhatarethemainQuestion2:InwhichgroupsofpeopledidObamagetthemostandtheleastsupports?HegotthemostsupportsamongAfricanAmericansandtheleastsupportsinwhitemen.Question2:InwhichgroupsofQuestion3:WhatisObama’scampaignsloganforthiscampaign?Andwhatdoesitmean?(para.24)Thesloganis“Forward”.Itisavagueslogananddoesnotgiveanyspecificideas,itjustcallsontheAmericanstotrusthimandgivehimthechancetomoveforwardandbethecountry’spresidentforanotherterm.Question3:WhatisObama’scaQuestion4：Whatwerethethree