外研社新時代核心英語教程-綜合英語3-unit-1教學(xué)課件

oreurriculum新時代核心英語教程綜合英語31UNITTheModernMasters

?CONTENTS1ExploringtheTopic2TextA3CriticalThinking4TextBTheImpactofTechnologyonYourLifeTechnologyhaschangedourlivesinnumerousways.Towhatextentareyouinfluencedbytechnology?Whatroledoestechnologyplayinyourlife?Completethisquestionnairetofindouttheanswers!(A=agree,B=undecidedandC=disagree)1.Iliketostayinformedaboutnewtechnologicalinnovations.2.Imayreplacemylaptopwithanewoneeventhoughitstillworks.1Completethefollowingquestionnaireabouttheimpactoftechnologyonyourlife.ExploringtheTopic4.Ikeepintouchwithmyfriendsmainlyviainstantmessaging.3.Mygadgets’minormalfunctionsalwaysprovideagoodexcuseformetoreplacethem.1Completethefollowingquestionnaireabouttheimpactoftechnologyonyourlife.(A=agree,B=undecidedandC=disagree)ExploringtheTopic5.Ican’tgetthroughadaywithoutmycellphone.2Sharewithyourpartnertheextenttowhichyourlifeisimpactedbytechnologybasedonthequestionnaire,anddiscusswhetheryoulikethesechangesornot.ExploringtheTopicPairdiscussion:Howdoyouexplainsomeyoungpeople’shighreplacementrateofcellphones?ExploringtheTopicTextABackgroundInformationTextAnalysisAnalyticalReadingRobertWalkerHeisanAmericanauthorandfreelancejournalist.Hewrites“TheWorkologist”columnforTheNewYorkTimesSundayBusinesssectionandblogsforDesignObserver.Heisalsotheformer“Consumed”columnistforTheNewYorkTimesMagazine,wherehewasacontributingwriterfrom2004to2012.

BackgroundInformationTextStructureDetailedStudyoftheTextTextAnalysisTextStructurePartIParas.1-2RobWalkerprovidesthereaderswithhisownexampleandhisfriends’examplesofthegadgetdeathwish.PartIIParas.3-6Walkerarguesthatproductobsolescenceismoreofademand-sidephenomenonthanacorporatestrategy.PartIIIPara.7Theconclusionofthewholetext:Themarketgivesusexactlywhatwewant.1.Thebatterylifehasbeenflagginglately,too.(Para.1)flag:tobecometiredorweakDetailedStudyoftheTextPartI2.Yetnoneoftheseproblems—andthedevicemortalitytheyportend—botherme.(Para.1)Paraphrase:However,I’mnotupsetbyanyoftheseproblemswithmyiPod,andneitheramIdisappointedatthepotentialendofmyiPod’suse-life.PartIDetailedStudyoftheText3.SoIpokeatmyiPodwiththeperversehopethatitwon’trespond.(Para.1)Inthissentence,“thatitwon’trespond”isanappositiveclauseof“hope,”tellingreaderswhattheperversehopeis.PartIDetailedStudyoftheText4.OnefriendsaidthedebutofthewhiteiPhonehadherwishingacruelfateuponhercurrentsmartphone.(Para.2)debut:thefirstpublicappearanceofanentertainer,sportsplayer,etc.orofsomethingnewandimportanthavesb.doing：tokeepsomeonedoingsomethingPartIDetailedStudyoftheText5.Anotheracquaintance,whoblogsactivelyaboutcoolnewtechtoys,confessedhisconstantyearningforoneoranotherofhiselectronicpossessionstorequireuntimelyreplacement.(Para.2)Paraphrase:Ihaveanotherfriendwhofrequentlypostsonhisblogaboutnewelectronicdevices.Headmittedthathealwayswantedoneoranotherofhisgadgetstobereplacedbyanewoneevenbeforeitreallywentoutofwork.Thestemstructureofthesentenceis:Anotheracquaintanceconfessedhisyearningforsomethingtodo.PartIDetailedStudyoftheTextTextStructurePartIParas.1-2RobWalkerprovidesthereaderswithhisownexampleandhisfriends’examplesofthegadgetdeathwish.PartIIParas.3-6Walkerarguesthatproductobsolescenceismoreofademand-sidephenomenonthanacorporatestrategy.PartIIIPara.7Theconclusionofthewholetext:Themarketgivesusexactlywhatwewant.6.Whenthatdoesn’twork,shesays,themarketsuckersuswithaesthetictweaksthathavenoimpactonfunctionality:thetallertailfinsandshorterskirtsof“perceivedobsolescence.”(Para.3)Paraphrase:Whenplannedobsolescencefailstopushtheconsumerstobuynewproducts,themarketwillprovideso-callednewtypeswhichlookmoreattractivebutwithlittleimprovementinfunction,justlikethetallertailfinsandshorterskirts.Thisstrategyiscalled“perceivedobsolescence.”PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText7.Buttheemergingprevalence—anecdotally,atleast—ofthegadgetdeathwishsuggestsanintriguingpossibility:Whereelectronicgizmosareconcerned,productobsolescenceisbecomingademand-sidephenomenon.(Para.4)Thestemstructureofthesentenceis“Buttheemergingprevalencesuggestsan...possibility,”andthesentencefollowingthecolonistheappositiveof“possibility.”PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText8.Thisisnotbecauseofsometimebombinthedesignthatrendersaphoneuselessoverthatspan.(Para.5)Paraphrase:Thisisnotbecauseofsomepossibleflawsinthedesignthatcauseaphonenottoworkafteracertainperiodoftime.“Thatrendersaphoneuselessoverthatspan”isanattributiveclausemodifying“timebomb.”PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText9.ReCellular,abigrecyclerandresellerofmobiles,collectsmillionsofunwantedphoneseveryyear.JoeMcKeown,thecompany’svicepresidentofmarketingandcommunications,toldmethatmanyareseveralyearsold—notbecausethey’vebeeninuseallthattime,butbecause,afterbeingreplaced,theyweredumpedindeskdrawersandforgotten.(Para.5)Theunderlinedpartsintheabovesentencesarebothnounphrasesusedasappositives.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText10.Butdespitethis,only18percentofthephonesthecompanycollectsare“beyondeconomicrepair,”andthusbrokendowntorecyclableparts.(Para.5)beyondeconomicrepair:impossibletoberepairedPartIIDetailedStudyoftheText11.Theproblem,ifthat’stherightwordforit,isthatnewdevicesperformmorefunctions,faster—andpeople,asaresult,wantthem.(Para.5)Theunderlinedpartisaparenthesis,explainingwhytheauthorusestheword“problem”here.Aparenthesisisaword,phrase,orclauseaddedintoasentenceinordertoexplainorexpresssomeafterthought.Whenaparenthesisistakenaway,themeaningofthetextwillnotbeaffected.“Ofcourse,”“forexample,”and“bycontrast”inPara.6arealsoexamplesoftypicalparentheses.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText12.Adealerinvintagehome-entertainmentequipmentrecentlyconvincedmethatitusedtobepossibletobuyatop-notchstereosystemthatreallywouldfunctionadmirablyfordecades.(Para.6)Paraphrase:Abusinessmanwhosoldoldbuthigh-qualityhome-entertainmentequipmentconvincedmerecentlythatinthepastitwaspossibleforastereosystemofhighqualitytoworkformanyyears.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText13.Imagine,bycontrast,thattomorrowsomecompanyunveiledacellphoneguaranteedtolastfor20years.(Para.6)Thisisanimperativesentence,whichisusedtocommand,instruct,request,oradvise.Intheobjectclause,thepasttense“unveiled”suggeststhattheimaginarysituationwouldnothappen.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheText14.It’snotourdevicesthatwearthin;it’sourpatiencewiththem.(Para.6)Paraphrase:It’snotbecauseourelectronicdevicescannotlast,butbecauseourpatiencewiththemisgone.“It’snotourdevicesthatwearthin”isanemphaticpattern,withthesubject“ourdevices”emphasized.Thesecondsentenceisalsoanemphaticpatternwiththe“thatwearthin”omitted,anditscompleteformis“it’sourpatiencewiththemthatwearsthin.”PartIIDetailedStudyoftheTextTextStructurePartIParas.1-2RobWalkerprovidesthereaderswithhisownexampleandhisfriends’examplesofthegadgetdeathwish.PartIIParas.3-6Walkerarguesthatproductobsolescenceismoreofademand-sidephenomenonthanacorporatestrategy.PartIIIPara.7Theconclusionofthewholetext:Themarketgivesusexactlywhatwewant.15.Theveryrealproblemofelectronicwastemakespeoplelikemehesitatetoreplacegood-working-orderpossessions.(Para.7)Paraphrase:Thethoughtthatfrequentreplacementofelectronicgadgetswillcauseelectronicwastepreventspeoplelikemefromeasilyreplacingmyoldonesthatarestillworkingwell.PartIIIDetailedStudyoftheText16.Soratherthanprovideevidenceofsomecynicalcorporatestrategy,ourgadgets’minormalfunctionsordisappointingfeaturesorunacceptablyslowspeedslargelyprovideanexcusetoreplacethem—withalighterlaptop,aslimmertablet,aclearere-bookreader.(Para.7)malfunction:afaultinthewayamachineorpartofsomeone’sbodyworksPartIIIDetailedStudyoftheText17.Obsolescenceisn’tsomethingcompaniesareforcingonus.It’sprogress,andit’ssomethingweprettymuchdemand.Asusual,themarketgivesusexactlywhatwewant.(Para.7)Paraphrase:Itisnotthecompanies,buttheprogressofthenewtechnologyandourdesiresfornewgadgetsthatlureustoreplaceouroldgadgets.Asusual,themarketalwaysknowsourdemandandprovideswhatwereallywant.PartIIIDetailedStudyoftheTextTextAAnalyticalReading1Thefollowingoutlinepresentsanoverviewofthetext.Fillintheblankstocompletetheoutline.PartParas.MainideaI1-2Examplesofthegadgetdeathwish·Myexample_________________________________________________________·Myfriends’examples:Onefriendwishedacruelfateuponhercurrentsmartphone;____________________________________________________________________;AnalyticalReadingIhaveadeathwishformyiPodwhichhassomeminormalfunctions.Anotherfriendyearnedfortheuntimelyreplacementofhiselectronicpossessions1Thefollowingoutlinepresentsanoverviewofthetext.Fillintheblankstocompletetheoutline.PartParas.MainideaI1-2____________________________________________________________________.II3-6Productobsolescenceismoreofa_________________________thana_______________where______________areconcerned.AnalyticalReadingAthirdfriendfeltdelightedwhenhisoldiPhonewasaccidentallydunkedintheseademand-sidephenomenoncorporatestrategyelectronicgizmos1Thefollowingoutlinepresentsanoverviewofthetext.Fillintheblankstocompletetheoutline.PartPara(s).MainideaII3-6Thereasonsinclude:··III7AnalyticalReadingPeoplewantnewdevicesbecausetheyperformmorefunctionsandarefaster;People’spatiencewithelectronicdeviceswearsoutfasterthanthedevicesConclusion:Themarketalwaysgivesusexactlywhatwewant.1.We’reallfamiliarwiththesinisterideaof“plannedobsolescence,”acorporatestrategyofsupplyingthemarketwithproductsspecificallybuiltnottolast.(Para.3)2AnalyticalReadingAnswer:Wehaveallheardofcompanies’evilstrategyof“plannedobsolescence”:designingandproducingproductsthatwillbreakdownsoonratherthanbeingoodworkingorderforalongtime.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.2.Buttheemergingprevalence—anecdotally,atleast—ofthegadgetdeathwishsuggestsanintriguingpossibility:Whereelectronicgizmosareconcerned,productobsolescenceisbecomingademand-sidephenomenon.(Para.4)2AnalyticalReadingAnswer:Moreandmorepeople(atleastmostofmyfriendssaidso)wanttheirgadgetstobreakdownprematurely,whichindicatesaninterestingpossibility:Inthecaseofelectronicgadgets,productobsolescenceisoutofconsumers’demand.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.3.Butthelight-speedinnovationsinconsumerelectronicshaveturnedmanyofusintoserialreplacers.(Para.6)2AnalyticalReadingAnswer:Butinnovationsinconsumerelectronicdevicesappearataveryfastspeed,makingmanypeoplereplacetheirowndevicesfrequently.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.4.It’snotourdevicesthatwearthin;it’sourpatiencewiththem.(Para.6)2AnalyticalReadingAnswer:Wereplaceouroldelectronicdevicesnotbecausetheyarenolongeringoodworkingorder,butbecauseourpatiencewiththemhasrunout.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.5.Soratherthanprovideevidenceofsomecynicalcorporatestrategy,ourgadgets’minormalfunctionsordisappointingfeaturesorunacceptablyslowspeedslargelyprovideanexcusetoreplacethem—withalighterlaptop,aslimmertablet,aclearere-bookreader.(Para.7)2AnalyticalReadingAnswer:Whenwefindminordefectsorunsatisfactoryfeaturesorunacceptablyslowspeedsofourelectronicdevices,wedon’tconsiderthemasevidenceofthemanufacturers’evilstrategy.Instead,thesedefectswillgiveusgoodexcusestoreplacethedeviceswithbetterones,e.g.alighterlaptop,aslimmertablet,aclearere-bookreader.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.1.WhydoesRobWalkerusethetitle“WhyOurGadgetsCan’tWearOutFastEnough”?Answer:Toarousereaders’interestandindicatenowadayswedon’thaveenoughpatiencetowaitforourelectronicgadgetstowearout.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading2.Whatdoesthephrase“theseproblems”inPara.1referto?WhydoesWalkersaythatheisnotbotheredbytheseproblems?Answer:“Theseproblems”refertothedefectswithhisiPod,suchasaninexplicablelineonthescreen,theflaggingbatterylife,andthedevice’sbeingoutofsyncwithLast.fm.RobWalkerisnotupsetbytheseproblemsbecausewhathereallywantsistoreplacehisoldiPodwithaniPodtouch,butatthesametime,hedoesn’twanttoberegardedasawastefulpersonbybuyinganewonewhenhisoldonestillworks,sohehopestheseproblemswillfinallyleadtothedevice’sbreakdown.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading3.What“surprisingreinforcement”didWalkergetfromhisfriendswhenconfessinghisenthusiasmforthebreakdownofhisgadget?Whatdoesthatimply?Answer:Whenheconfessedtohisfriendshiswishforthebreakdownofhisgadget,hewassurprisedthatmostofhisfriendsexpressedthesameattitudeandfeeling.Thisimpliesthathavingagadgetdeathwishisnotanindividualphenomenon.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading4.WhatdoesAnnieLeonardmeanby“aesthetictweaks”inPara.3?Canyougivemoreexamplesbesides“thetallertailfinsandshorterskirts”?Answer:By“aesthetictweaks”,AnnieLeonardmeansthesmallchangeswhichmakeaproductlookbetterandattractivebutwithlittleimprovementinfunction.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading5.Whatdo“plannedobsolescence,”“perceivedobsolescence,”and“demand-sideobsolescence”refertorespectively?Givemoreexamplestoillustratetheseconcepts.Answer:“Plannedobsolescence”isacorporatestrategyofsupplyingthemarketwithproductsspecificallybuiltnottolast.“Perceivedobsolescence”occurswhenacustomerisconvincedthatheorsheneedsanupdatedproduct,eventhoughhisorherexistingproductisworkingwell.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading5.Whatdo“plannedobsolescence,”“perceivedobsolescence,”and“demand-sideobsolescence”refertorespectively?Givemoreexamplestoillustratetheseconcepts.Answer:Cont.“Demand-sideobsolescence”meansthatwhenitcomestoelectronicgadgets,itseemsthattechnologicalprogressmakesuswanttogetridofouroldelectronicproductsatafastpaceandinfactit’sweconsumerswhowanttodiscardandreplacethemwithbetteronesevenbeforetheybreakdown.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading6.WhatisthefunctionofPara.4inWalker’slineofreasoning?Answer:Para.4servesasatransitionwhichintroducesWalker’sthesisstatement.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading7.WhydoesWalkerusethestatisticsfromJ.D.PowerandAssociatesandReCellularinPara.5?Answer:Heusesthestatisticstohelpmakehisargumentmoreconvincing:Therealreasonisnotthatthedevicebreaksdownitselfafteracertaintimebecauseofthecompany’sbuilt-indesign,butthatpeoplewantnewdeviceswhichcanperformmorefunctions,faster.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading8.AccordingtoPara.6,whydoesWalkerhavenodeathwishforproductslikedishwashers?Answer:Thedemand-sideobsolescencedoesnotextendtoallproducts.Theinnovationspeedinproductslikedishwashersisslowerthanelectronicdevices,whichmeansthatiftheyarereplacedinashorttime,thefunctionsareprettymuchalike,sopeopledon’thavetheenthusiasmtoreplacethemfrequentlyandprefertousethemforalongtime.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading9.BesidestheproblemofelectronicwastementionedinPara.7,arethereanyotherfactorspeopleshouldconsiderwhenreplacingelectronicdeviceswhichstillwork?Answer:Whethertheyhaveenoughmoney,whetherthenowproductscanmeettheiractualneeds,thevirtueofthrift,etc.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReading10.Technologyleadstofastinnovationsandupdates,yetsomepeopletendtoblametechnologyfortheirfrequentchangeofelectronicdevices.Isthatreasonable?Whatkindofconsumptionattitudeshouldweadopt?Answer:Openanswer.3Answerthefollowingquestions.AnalyticalReadingCriticalThinking

——DepthWethinkdeeplywhenwegetbeneaththesurfaceofanissueorproblem,identifythecomplexitiesinit,andthendealwiththosecomplexitiesinanintellectuallyresponsibleway.CriticalThinkingApplyyourskill1.InPara.6ofTextA,whydoesWalkermentionotherproductssuchasdishwashersandstereosystems,ratherthanfocusonlyonelectronicgadgets?CriticalThinkingApplyyourskillAnswer:Throughcomparingpeople’sattitudestowardelectronicgadgetsandtowardproductslikedishwashersandstereosystems,Walkertriestofindoutwhetherthedemand-sideobsolescenceisconfinedtotheelectronicgadgetsindustry.Heconcludesthat,thebiggestcharacteristicofthisindustry(namelythefastinnovationspeed)hasalsocontributedtothephenomenon.Inthisway,heavoidsneglectingthecomplexitiesandpreventshimselffromjumpingtoageneralizedyetinaccurateconclusion.CriticalThinkingApplyyourskill2.Itseemsthatpeoplecanbenefitgreatlythroughonlineconnection.However,inTextB,SherryTurklearguesthatonlineconnectioncannotsubstituteforconversation.Whydoessheholdsuchanopinion?Provideanin-depthanalysisbasedonthetext.CriticalThinkingApplyyourskillAnswer:Asuperficialunderstandingoftechnologyisthatitchangesourlifestyleinawaywhichallowsustofocusonwhatwevaluemost.Itmayseemthatpeopleareconnectedwitheachother,butinreality,peoplearelivingintheirownworlds,hidingfromoneanotherandonlymaintainingcasualacquaintances.Theydon’tcareabouteachotherandcan’tgettoknoweachother.CriticalThinkingApplyyourskillAnswer:Cont.Also,theytendtolacktheabilitytoreflectuponthemselves.Finally,theyheavilyrelyontechnologytoavoidbeingalone,buttechnologyonlyprovidestheillusionofcompanionshipratherthanrelationship.Therefore,theauthorholdsthatonlineconnectioncannotsubstituteforconversation,andpeopleshouldalwaysmakeroomforconversation.CriticalThinkingBackgroundInformationTextStructureTextBSherryTurkleThispieceiswrittenbySherryTurkleforTheNewYorkTimes(April,2012).SheistheAbbyRockefellerMauzéProfessoroftheSocialStudiesofScienceandTechnologyatMITandthefounderanddirectoroftheMITInitiativeonTechnologyandSelf.Shehaspublishedfivebooksandseveraleditedcollections,includingaNewYorkTimesbestsellerReclaimingConversation:ThePowerofTalkinaDigitalAge(2015),inwhichshediscusseshowtechnologypossiblydestroysourrelationship,themessagealsoconveyedinthistext.BackgroundInformationTextStructurePartITechnologicaldeviceshavechangednotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhoweare.Wesacrificeconversationformereconnection.PartIIBeingalonetogetherandkeepingadistancewithpeoplearecommonbecauseofdependingtoomuchontechnologicaldevices.PartIIIPeopletendtosimplifyhumanrelationshipsandavoidbeingalonebyconnectingthroughtechnologicaldevices,butit’snothelpful.PartIVPeopleshouldmakeroomforconversationandlistentooneanother.Paras.1-3Paras.4-8Paras.9-21Para.22Thanksforyourattention!flag:tobecometiredorweake.g.Bytheendofthenegotiation,wehadbeguntoflag.Thepaceandenthusiasmflaggedconsiderablywhentheinvestmentwasreduced.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIportend:tobeasignthatsomethingisgoingtohappen,especiallysomethingbade.g. Thechangedidnotportendabasicimprovementinsocialconditions.Sometimessmalleventscanportendgreatchanges.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIperverse:behavinginanunreasonableway,especiallybydeliberatelydoingtheoppositeofwhatpeoplewantyoutodoe.g.Shefindsaperversepleasureinupsettingherparents.Doyoureallymeanthatorareyoujustbeingdeliberatelyperverse?DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIdebut:thefirstpublicappearanceofanentertainer,sportsplayer,etc.orofsomethingnewandimportante.g.Shewasalreadyafamousmodelandpin-upbythetimeshemadeherfilmdebut.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIhavesb.doinge.g.Incoldwinter,wealwayshavethefireburningdayandnight.Don’tshout!Youwillhavetheneighborscomplaining.Ican’thaveyoutalkingtoyourfatherinthatway.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIyearning:astrongdesireforsomethinge.g.Whenlookingupatthestarrysky,wearefulloflongingandyearningforthevastuniverse.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIuntimely:happeningtoosoonorsoonerthanyouexpectede.g.Shemetatragicanduntimelydeathat25.DetailedStudyoftheTextPartIsucker:totricksomeoneintodoingsomethinge.g.Weweresuckeredintodoingthejobforfree.suckersb.intosth.:topersuadesomeonetodosomethingtheydonotwanttodo,especiallybytrickingthemorlyingtotheme.g.Itisbecomingharderfortheauthoritiestosuckerhealthybanksintotakingoversmallerones.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheTextperceive:tonotice,see,orrecognizesomethinge.g.Sheperceivedthatallwasnotwell.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheTextwheresth.isconcerned:toindicatethesubjectthatyouaretalkingaboute.g.Wherequalityisconcerned,wemustnotmakedowithwhatwehave,butmustconstantlystriveforexcellence.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheTexttimebomb:asituationthatislikelytobecomeaveryseriousprobleme.g.Unemploymentwouldbecomeasocialtimebombifnottackledproperly.PartIIDetailedStudyoftheTextrender:(1)tocausesomeoneorsomethingtobeinaparticularconditionrende