歷史學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)02-What-is-History

WhatisHistory?DrMarkJCrowleyE-MAIL:MJC83@LIVE.CO.UK精選pptObjectivesStudythedifferentinterpretationsofhistoryUnderstanddifferentresearchmethodsExaminedebatesinhistoriography(MarcBlochandEHCarr)Understandtheroleofinterdisciplinaryhistory精選pptEdwardGibbon(1700s)“Historyis,indeed,alittlemorethantheregisterofthecrimes,folliesandmisfortunesofmankind”精選pptNapoleon“Historyisamythweallagreetobelieve”精選pptHenryFord“Historyismoreorlessbunk”精選pptWinstonChurchill“Historyiswrittenbythevictors”“Historywillbekindtome,forIintendtowriteit”精選pptMarcBloch,TheHistorian’sCraft‘Thegoodhistorianislikethegiantofthefairytale.Heknowsthatwhereverhecatchesthescentofhumanflesh,therehisquarrylies.” (1943)精選pptInterrogatethesources“Fromthemomentwhenwearenolongerresignedtopurelyandsimplyrecordingthewordsofourwitnesses,fromthemomentwedecidetoforcethemtospeak,evenagainsttheirwill,cross-examinationbecomesmorenecessarythanever.Indeeditistheprimenecessityofwell-conductedhistoricalresearch”.精選pptKarlPopper“therecanbenohistoryofthepastasitactuallydidhappen;therecanonlybehistoricalinterpretations,andnoneofthemfinal,andeverygenerationhastoframeitsown”精選pptEHCARR"Thebeliefinahardcoreofhistoricalfactsexistingobjectivelyandindependentlyoftheinterpretationofthehistorianisapreposterousfallacy,butonewhichitisveryhardtoeradicate".精選pptDistinctionsofhistory"factsofthepast“(historicalinformationthathistoriansdeemunimportant)"historicalfacts",informationthatthehistorianshavedecidedisimportantRejectconceptslikegoodandevilwhenmakingjudgementsabouteventsandpeople精選pptUnderstandthecontext“Studythehistorianbeforeyoubegintostudythefacts…..Whenyoureadaworkofhistory,alwayslistenoutforthebuzzing.Ifyoucandetectnone,eitheryouaretonedeaforyourhistorianisadulldog….Byandlarge,thehistorianwillgetthekindoffactshewants.Historymeansinterpretation.”精選pptFoundationsofhistory"Socialhistoryisthebedrock.Tostudythebedrockaloneisnotenough;andbecomestedious;perhapsthisiswhathappenedtoAnnales.Butyoucan'tdispensewithit".精選pptBecoming‘interdisciplinary’"Historyispreoccupiedwithfundamentalprocessesofchange.Ifyouareallergictotheseprocesses,youabandonhistoryandtakecoverinthesocialsciences.Todayanthropology,sociology,etc,flourish.Historyissick.Butthenoursocietytooissick".精選pptCriticismsofCarr“...anextraordinarilyarrogantattitudebothtothepastandtotheplaceofthehistorianstudyingit”:GeoffreyElton,(1967)Nointerestinexamining“causation”–HughTrevor-Roper“‘a(chǎn)nythingthathasbeencondemnedbyCarr,ThompsonandHobsbawmmusthavesomethingtorecommendit”AndrewRoberts精選pptConclusionHistoryhasnowbecomeinterdisciplinarySt