園藝英語：English For Horticulture完整版

EnglishForHorticultureAimsListeningSpeakingReadingwritingHorticultureindailylifeKeyQuestionsWhyishorticultureascience,technology,andanindustry?Whatarethethreemajorareasofhorticulture?Whatisthehistoryofhorticulture?Whyishorticulturepopular?Whyishorticultureascience,technology,andanindustry?Whyishorticultureascience,atechnology,andanindustry?Agriculture-Theproductionofplantsandanimalstomeetbasichumanneeds(food,clothing,shelter).Includesthreeimportantareas:HorticultureAgronomyForestryAgronomyProductionoftraditionalcrops,suchasgrainandfiber.ForestryProductionoftreesfortimberHorticultureHorticultureisthatpartofplantagricultureconcernedwithso-called“gardencrops”,ascontrastedwithagronomy(fieldcrops,mainlygrains,forages(飼料)andfiber)andforestry

(foresttreesandproducts).Horticulturethuscanbedefinedthebranchofagricultureconcernedwithintensively(集約地)culturedplantsdirectlyusedbypeopleforfood,formedicinalpurposes,orforesthetic(美學(xué)的)gratification(滿足,喜悅).HorticultureCultureofplantsforfood,comfort,andbeautyThecultivationofagarden,orchard,ornursery;thecultivationofflowers,fruits,vegetables,orornamentalplantsThescienceandartofcultivatingsuchplants.Wheredoesthewordhorticulturecomefrom?LatinderivativeHortus(garden)+Colere(cultivate)=HorticultureThehorticultureindustryAllactivitiesthatsupportmeetingtheneedsofconsumersofhorticultureproductsSupplyandservicetogrowersProductionofcropsProcessingcropsMarketingDistributionHowishorticultureascience?BotanyThestudyofplantsincludingthelifecycle,structure,growth,andclassificationCombinesplantscience,soilscience,&biotechnologyWhatishorticulturetechnology?AppliessciencetohorticultureproductionToolsusedtocontrolandmanageplant’senvironmentCulturalpracticestoimpactvisual,functional,andproductivequalitiesofplantsKeyQuestionsWhyishorticultureascience,technology,andanindustry?Whatarethethreemajorareasofhorticulture?Whatisthehistoryofhorticulture?Whyishorticulturepopular?Whatarethethreemajorareasofhorticulture?OrnamentalHorticulture-growingandusingplantsfortheirbeautyinsideandoutsideourhomes.FoodCropProduction-growingcropsforuseasfood.OlericultureandpomologyWhatarethe3majorareasofornamentalhorticulture?FloricultureLandscapehorticultureInteriorscapingWhatisfloriculture?Production,transportation,anduseofflowerandfoliageplantsGrowingflowersforfloraldesignsGrowingpottedplantstosellGrowingbeddingplantsfortransplantingintogardensWhatislandscapehorticulture?ProducingandusingplantstomakeouroutdoorenvironmentmoreappealingNursery:placewhereplants,shrubs,andtreesarestartedfortransplantingLandscapeoperators:designplantingplans,installmaterial,andmaintainplantsLawnandturfmaintenance:planting,fertilizing,andmowingturfgrassesGolfcoursemanagement:maintainallthegrassareasofthegolfcourseWhatisinteriorscaping?Useoffoliageplants,grownandsoldfortheirbeautifulcoloredleavesandstems,tocreatepleasingandcomfortableareasinsidebuildingsWhatisFoodCropProduction?GrowingcropsforfoodOlericulture-growing,harvesting,storing,processing,andmarketingvegetablesExamplesPomology-growing,harvesting,storing,processing,andmarketingoffruitsandnutsExamplesOlericultureThescienceofvegetablegrowing,dealingwiththecultureofnon-woody(herbaceous)plantsforfood.Theproductionofplantsforuseoftheedibleparts.Olericulturedealswiththeproduction,storage,processingandmarketingofvegetables.Itencompassescropestablishment,includingcultivarselection,seedbedpreparationandestablishmentofvegetablecropsbyseedandtransplants.Italsoincludesmaintenanceandcareofvegetablecropsaswellcommercialandnon-traditionalvegetablecropproductionincludingorganicgardeningandorganicfarming;sustainableagricultureandhorticulture;hydroponics;andbiotechnology.Vegetablecropscanbeclassifiedinto9

majorcategories:Potherbsandgreens-spinachandcollardsSaladcrops-lettuce,celeryColecrops-cabbageandcauliflowerRootcrops(tubers)-potatoes,beets,carrots,radishesBulbcrops-onions,leeksLegumes-beans,peasCucurbits-melons,squash,cucumberSolanaceouscrops-tomatoes,peppersSweetcornPomologyPomology(fromLatinpomum(fruit)+-logy)isabranchofbotanythatstudiesandcultivatesfruit.Thedenominationfruticulture—introducedfromRomancelanguages(fromLatinfructusandcultura)—isalsoused.Pomologicalresearchismainlyfocusedonthedevelopment,cultivationandphysiologicalstudiesofstonefruittrees.Thegoalsoffruittreeimprovementincludeenhancementoffruitquality,regulationof

productionperiods,andreductionofproductioncost.KeyQuestionsWhyishorticultureascience,technology,andanindustry?Whatarethethreemajorareasofhorticulture?Whatisthehistoryofhorticulture?Whyishorticulturepopular?Howdidhorticultureevolve?EuropeaninfluenceonhorticultureEarlyU.S.horticultureEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureTheophrastus(371-287B.C.)GreekhorticulturistSpeculatedthatrootsabsorbnutrientsforplantsObservedthedifferencesbetweentheleavesofgerminatingseedsofwheatandbeansDescribedhowrootpruningencouragedthefloweringandfruitingofplantsEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureRomansUsedlegumestoimprovepoorsoilUsedmanuretoimproveproductionUsedcultivationforweedcontrolEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureVarro(116-20B.C.)RomanhorticulturistDevelopedtechniquesofpost-harveststorageEuropeanInfluenceonHorticulturePedaniusDioscorides(40-90AD)Greekphysician,herbalist(pharmacologist)andbotanistWroteDeMateriaMedicathatservedastheauthorityfor1,500yearsIdentifiedplantsthathadmedicinalpropertiesEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureCarolusLinnaeus(1701-1778)SwedishbotanistandphysicianDevelopedmethodforclassifyingplantsthroughbinomialnomenclatureEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureCharlesDarwin(1809-1882)EnglishnaturalistWroteThePowerofMovementinPlantswhichdescribedphototropismandgeotropismEuropeanInfluenceonHorticultureGregorMendel(1822-1884)AustrianmonkLaidthefoundationforthescienceofbotanyandgeneticsEarlyU.S.HorticulturePrinceNurseryFirstcommercialnurseryfoundedduringearly1730sGrewrapidlyuntiltheAmericanRevolutionPublishedacatalogin1794whichcontainedanextensivelistofcultivarsMajorsupplieroftheLombardypoplar(箭桿楊)afteritsintroductionin1784EarlyU.S.HorticultureAndrewJ.Downing(1815-1852)FirstgreatAmericanlandscapegardenerCottageResidencesFrederickLawOlmstead(1822-1903)FatheroflandscapearchitecturePrimarylandscapearchitectforCentralParkinN.Y.EarlyU.S.HorticultureAmapofCentralParkfrom1875OneoffourrusticlandingstagesontheLakeAngeloftheWaters,inBethesdaFountain(sculpted1873）EarlyU.S.HorticultureLibertyHydeBailey(1858-1954)Americanhorticulturist,botanistandcofounderoftheAmericanSocietyforHorticulturalScienceWritingsserveasthestandardauthorityonplantnomenclature,taxonomy,pruning,etc.WroteManualofCultivatedPlants,HortusSecond,andHowPlantsGetTheirNamesKeyQuestionsWhyishorticultureascience,technology,andanindustry?Whatarethethreemajorareasofhorticulture?Whatisthehistoryofhorticulture?Whyishorticulturepopular?Whyishorticulturesopopular?IncreasedawarenessandjobmarketinhorticultureFoodandcropproductionTechnologyadvancementsandjobsProfessionalinterestinhorticultureasacareerDiploma,associatesdegrees,bachelors,masters,andP.H.D.sinhorticultureWhatcareersareavailableinthehorticultureindustry?KeyQuestionsHowdoyouprepareforacareerinhorticulture?Howdoyougetandsucceedinajob?Whatcareersareavailableinhorticulture?Howdoyouprepareforacareerinhorticulture?Whatisacareer?Thegeneraldirectionofaperson’slifeasrelatedtoworkinthefieldofhorticulture.IncludesseveralhorticulturejobsandoccupationsStartatthebottomandworkyourwayuponthebasisofinterest,productivity,andeducationWhatisanoccupation?SpecificworkthathasatitleandgeneraldutiesthatapersonintheoccupationwouldperformOrganizedinsequenceEntry-leveloccupations-noexperienceWhatisajob?SpecificworkthatapersonperformsMostoftenatacertainsiteandperformedforsalaryandbenefitsJobsarewithspecificemployers,occupationscanbefoundatmanyemployersWhatarepersonalskills?AbilitiesofanindividualtorelatetootherpeopleinaproductivemannerNeededtobesuccessfulCanbedevelopedShowthatyouareproductiveWhatisacareergoal?ThelevelofaccomplishmentyouwanttomakeinyourworkGoalsetting1.Describewhatyouwanttoachieveinlife2.Setstepstoachieveeachgoal3.Determinewaysandmeanstomeetthegoal4.Setdeadlineforreachingeachstep.Whateducationandtrainingisavailableforahorticulturecareer?CommunityColleges:1-2yrprogramsUniversities:B.S.,M.S.,andPHDdegreesGainbackgroundinplantscienceandrelatedareasHowdoyougetandsucceedinajob?HowdoIfindajob?Contactanemployerinperson,bytelephone,orbye-mailVisitpersonnelofficesofemployersVisitplacementofficesLookforhelpwantedadsinpapers,mags,television,radio,internetAskaround/networkHowdoIapplyforajob?FilloutanapplicationWritealetterofapplicationPrepareapersonaldatasheet/resumeInterview****Makesureyouproofreadyourwrittenmaterial(misspellings,incorrectgrammar,messywriting,falseinfo)WhatdoIdoinaninterview?MakepersonalappearancewiththeemployertodiscussyourselfandthejobGuidelines:Takeneededinfoan