山西省長治市2023年考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題含解析

山西省長治市2023年考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)OnedayI’dhadtocallemergencyservicesbecauseIfoundmypartnerunconsciousonthefloor.Withinminutes,apolicecarandan1arrived,filledwithpoliceandparamedics（護(hù)理人員）whotookmy2awayquicklytotheemergencydepartment,wherehereceivedthecritical3thatheneeded.Aweeklater,Iwrotethankyounotestothosehelpfulpoliceandparamedicsand4forthem,foritwasasmallgesturewithabigimpact.WhenIdroppedoffbrownies（布朗尼蛋掛）atthepoliceandfirestations,they5meforthegifts.Thankedme?AllthatI’ddonewasbake:they’d6alife.Idroveawayfeeling7andhappy,8becauseI’ddoneagoodneed,butmostlybecauseIwasamazedthatthereare9peoplewhodolifesavingworkand10nothinginturn.I11mywituralhighmayhavebeenmorethanitseemed.Researchhasshownthat12thoughtsofgratitude（感恩）andperformingactsofkindnesscanboost（提高）your13andhaveother14effectsonyourhealth.“Weknowfromstudiesintheliteraturethatgratitudedoeshaveagood15onhappiness,thatitincreaseslife16,”saysWillibaldRuch,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofZurichwho17effectsofcharacterstrengthssuchasgratitudeand18.”It’samongthetopfivepredictorsof19”“Youcanmakepositivechangesinyourlifebylearningto20gratitude.”1、A．a(chǎn)gencyB．a(chǎn)mbulanceC．a(chǎn)greementD．a(chǎn)pology2、A．partnerB．neighborC．strangerD．professor3、A．remarkB．surveyC．easeD．care4、A．paidB．calledC．preparedD．baked5、A．blamedB．thankedC．impressedD．informed6、A．createdB．broughtC．discoveredD．saved7、A．lightB．tightC．heavyD．ready8、A．partlyB．eventuallyC．possiblyD．totally9、A．stubbornB．selflessC．optimisticD．severe10、A．seekB．demandC．expectD．a(chǎn)pply11、A．realizedB．treasuredC．touchedD．rewarded12、A．changingB．a(chǎn)rguingC．a(chǎn)ssessingD．sharing13、A．personalityB．thoughtC．moodD．behavior14、A．positiveB．objectiveC．basicD．energetic15、A．exampleB．effectC．impressionD．treat16、A．a(chǎn)nxietyB．safetyC．reactionD．satisfaction17、A．performsB．researchesC．concentratesD．organizes18、A．pessimismB．impatienceC．humorD．sensitivity19、A．statementsB．relationshipC．happinessD．directions20、A．expressB．a(chǎn)riseC．judgeD．ignoreSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1PetraandWadiRum,JordanWhenitcomestotheworld'swonderfuldesertscenery,Jordan'sPetraandWadiRumhasit.AlsoknownastheValleyoftheMoon,thisplaceisoneofthebestduetoitsamazingdesertcanyons（峽谷）androckwalls.ParticipantsloveexploringitsBurdahandUmFruth,walkingtotheimpressiveancientcity.Kilimanjaro,TanzaniaTheRongaiRouteisthebestrouteiftheparticipantsofthewalkingtourwantaquietclimb.TheKiliTrailpermitstravelerstowitnesstheregion'swilderness,virginforests,andrareanimals.Thisroute,accordingtomany,istheeasiestwaytoreachthetopwherethebreath-taking360-degreesightsofnaturalwondersawait.Quebec,CanadaThisspecialenvironmentmadeupofboththenaturalandculturaltreasures,wherefreshwaterbecomesonewiththetides（潮汕）ofthesea,makesQuebeconeoftheinterestingwalkingtourdestinationsintheworld.HereisatrackthatheadstotheSaguenayFjordNationalParkwhichisincludedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.AddingtothebeautyofQuebecareitssparklingwaterfalls,invitinglakes,andrareanimals.GreatSmokyMountain,USThisregion（地區(qū)）hasbeennamedastheancestralhomeoftheCherokeeIndians,whererichnaturalwonderscombinedwithinterestinghistoryarethemajorhappenings.Therichnaturalreserveisevidentandenjoyedbywalkingtourparticipants.WhatalsomakesthisdestinationapopularchoiceisitsreputationasthebiggestwildernessontheeasternpartoftheUnitedStates.1、WhatisPetraandWadiRumbestknownfor?A．Itsculture.B．Itsquietness.C．Itsrareanimals.D．Itsdesertscenery.2、Whichtourcombinesthesceneryoflandandwater?A．PetraandWadiRum.B．Kilimanjaro.C．Quebec.D．GreatSmokyMountain.3、WhatisuniquetoGreatSmokyMountain?A．Specialhistory.B．Nationalpark.C．Virginforests.D．Oceanview.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MagicalNatureReservesB．BestWalkingToursC．ColorfulCulturalTreasuresD．AmazingWildernessAreasText2Oneofthenewest“smart”devicesisanoldfavorite,acamera.Andsmartcamerasaregettingsmarterallthetime.Somearenowbuiltwithmachinelearningtoolstohelpthemthinkforthemselves.Machinelearninginvolvespattinglargeamountofdataintoacomputerforprocessing.GoogleClipsOneofthelatesttolaunchisGoogleClips.Itisthefirstcameradevelopedbythewebsearchgiantthatisnotbuiltintoaphone.Thesmallandlightdeviceisdesignedtobeputsomewhereinaroomtotakepicturesbyitself.Itcanalsobestucktoanobjectoraperson’sclothing.Googlesaysmachinelearninghelpsthecamerachoosethebesttimesandsituationsfortakingpicturesandvideoclips.Itcanalsorecognizethefacesofpeopleorpetschosenbytheuserandtakepicturesoftheminamorenaturalway.Thedeviceisnotyetbeingsold,butinterestedbuyerscanjoinawaitinglisttobeinformedwhenitisavailable.GoProHeroGoProisanothercompanydevelopingmachinelearningtechnology.GoProalsousesmachinelearningtopoweritsQuikStoriesfeature.Thistooltakesexistingphotosandvideosandautomaticallycreatesafinishedvideopiece,completewithmusicandeffects.SnapSpectaclesMessaging

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Snapchatsellsapairofsunglasseswithabuilt-incamerathatcanrecordshortvideoclipswiththepushofabutton.SnapInc.saystheproduct,calledSpectacles,isdesignedto“capturethemoment,withouttakingyououtofit.”Manysmartphonesalreadyhavefacialrecognitiontechnologybuiltintothedevices.SnapInc.hasstartedsellingitsSpectaclessunglassesonlineintheUnitedStates.AppleiPhoneXApple’snewiPhoneXisbeinglaunchedwithitsnewFaceIDsystemthatitsayswillunlockthephonejustbyhavingtheuserlookatit.ThisreplacestheTouchIDonpreviousdevicesthatusedafingerprinttounlockthephone.Applesaysthesystemworksby

projecting

morethan30,000dotsonthefacetocreateakindofmap.AppleclaimsitsfacialrecognitionisevensecureenoughtoallowpaymentsthroughitsApplePayservice.1、Whatcanmachinelearningtoolshelpcamerasdo?A．Getmuchsmarter.B．Processmoreroughly.C．Keepdataforever.D．Storemorenaturalphotos.2、WhatcanweknowaboutGoogleClips?A．Itcanonlybeputinaroom.B．Peoplecanbuyitonlineeasily.C．Itcanbebuiltintoaphone,D．Youcantakephotosautomaticallywithit.3、WhatisthespecialfunctionofGoProHero?A．Ithastousepowertowork.B．Itcanrecordvideosvividly.C．Itprovidesmusicandeffectsforvideos.D．Itusestechnologyofmachinelearning.4、WhichofthefollowingcannowbeboughtsurelyontheInternet?A．GoogleClips.B．GoProHero.C．Spectaclessunglasses.D．AppleiPhoneX.5、HowisAppleiPhoneXunlocked?A．Byafingerprint.B．Byfacialrecognition.C．Bypushingabutton.D．Bymakingamap.Text3“Facts”ThatAreFalseThe$100billisthebiggestbillincirculation.Althoughthefederalgovernmentstoppedprintingthemin1945,currencynotesof$500,$1,000,$5,000,and$10,000arestilllegaltender.Mostofthemhavebeensnatchedupbyprivatecollectors.BetweenDecember18,1934,andJanuary9,1935,thegovernmentputout$100,000notes.However,theywereonlyfortransactionsbetweenFederalReservebanksandneverwentouttothegeneralpublic.TheSaharaistheworld’slargestdesert.Technically,Antarcticais.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveydefinesadesertas“drylandwitharainfallofusuallylessthanteninchesperyearthatsupportsonlysparsevegetationandalimitedpopulationofpeopleandanimals.”Antarcticaaveragesonlysixinchesofrainayear(mostlyassnow)andisalmost5.5millionsquaremiles.TheSaharaisonly3.3millionsquaremiles.Thegreenpasteservedwithyoursushiiswasabi.Wasabiisexpensiveanddifficulttogrow.Sinceit’sinthesamefamily,mostrestaurantsandfoodcompaniesusehorseradish(withfoodcoloring)instead.RealwasabiismorecomplexandsweeterthanwhatyougetinatypicalJapaneserestaurant._______________________________________Theostricheswouldsuffocate(窒息)iftheydid.Ifanenemyisapproaching,afrightenedostrichwilllayitsheadandneckflatagainstthegroundasacamouflage(偽裝)ploy.Somehumanonlookershaveassumedthatthebirds’light-coloredheadswereactuallyinthesand.258、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Asotherbiggerbillsareoutofprint,the$100billisstillthebiggestone.B．Antarcticawithverylittlerainfallisconsideredasthelargestdesert.C．Horseradishcanbesubstitutedwithwasabiforthesimilartasteandcolor.D．Anostrichoftenusesitsheadasaweapontofightagainstitsenemy.1、Whichofthefollowingisthebestfitfortheblank?A．Ostrichescanbreatheinthesand.B．Ostricheshaveverysmartbrains.C．Ostrichesburytheirheadsinthesand.D．Theostrich’sheadisthelightestintheworld.Text4Scientiststhinkthatgrowinggardengrasscouldbethesecrettosolvingourenergyneeds,andwemaysoonbeabletoreplaceourgasolinewith“grassoline”.Theteam,includingexpertsfromCardiffUniversityinWales,hasshownthathydrogencanbetakenfromgrassinusefulamountswiththehelpofsunlightandacheapcatalyst(催化劑)—somethingthatspeedsupachemicalreactionwithoutbeingusedup.Itisthefirsttimethatthishasbeenshownanditcouldleadtoasustainable(可持續(xù)的)wayofmakinghydrogen,reportedAsianNewsInternational.Thiscouldbeanimportantkindofrenewableenergybecauseitishighinenergyanditdoesnotgiveoutharmfulgaseswhenitisburned.Studyco-authorMichaelBowkersaid,“Thisisreallyagreensourceofenergy.Hydrogenisseenasanimportantfutureenergycarrierastheworldmovesfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergy,andourresearchhasshownthatevengardengrasscouldbeagoodwayofgettingit.”Cellulose(纖維素),whichisakeypartofplantsandthebiopolymer(生物聚合物)foundinthelargestnumbersontheearth,couldbeagreatsourceofhydrogen.Initsstudy,theteamlookedatthepossibilityofgettinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingsunlightandasimplecatalyst.Thisiscalledphotocatalysis(光催化作用)andinit,thesunlightstartsthecatalyst,whichthenmakescelluloseandwaterintohydrogen.Theresearchersstudiedtheeffectivenessofthreemetal-basedcatalysts,ofwhichnickel(鎳)especiallyinterestedtheresearchers,asitisamuchmorecommonmetalthangoldandpalladium(鈀)anditsavesmoremoney.AccordingtoBowker,producinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingphotocatalysishasnotbeenstudiedindetail.Theteam’sresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofhydrogencanbeproducedusingthismethodwiththehelpofabitofsunlightandacheapcatalyst.Thestudyshowsthatitiseffectivetouserealgrasstakenfromagarden.“Thisisimportantasitavoidstheneedtoseparateandcleanupcellulose,whichcanbebothdifficultandcostly,”saidBowker.1、Whatareneededtogethydrogenfromgrass?A．Acatalystandpalladium. B．Waterandcellulose.C．Sunlightandabiopolymer. D．Sunlightandacatalyst.2、Whyisthenewwayofmakinghydrogenconsideredsignificant?A．Itischeap,greenandsustainable.B．Itisthebesttoproducetherenewableenergy.C．Itismoreproductiveandefficientthanothermethods.D．Itcanreplacethewaytomakefossilfuelscompletely.3、Whydoesnickelinteresttheresearchersinmakinghydrogenfromcellulose?A．Itcanproducethelargestamountofhydrogen.B．Itcanavoidseparatingandcleaningupcellulose.C．Itismorecommonthanothermetalsandcostsless.D．Itworksquickerthanothermetalsduringphotocatalysis.4、Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusmainlyinthispassage?A．Catalyststhatcouldbetakenfromgrass.B．Anewwayofmakinghydrogenfromcellulose.C．Thepotentialofhydrogenasarenewableenergy.D．Theconnectionbetweenhydrogenandphotocatalysis.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Oneday,whenIwascookingtheeveningmeal,mydaughterstoodbesidemeverystillWhenIturned,Inearlyknockedherdown“Moveoutoftheway,”IsaidimpatientlyShewalkedaway,andherlittleheartwas1．(break)Ididn’trealize2．rudelyI’dspokenWhenI3．(lie)awakeinbed,God’ssmallvoicecametomeandsaid,“While4．(deal)withastranger,youusecommonpoliteness,butthechildrenyoulove,youseemtoabuseLookatthekitchenfloor,andthosearetheflowersshebroughtforyou”Bythistime,mytearsbegantofallIquietlywentandsatbyherbed“Arethesetheflowersyoupicked5．me?I’msosorry”IsaidShesmiled,“Oh,Mom,that’sokayIloveyouanyway”Isaid,“Daughter,Iloveyoutoo,andIdoliketheflowers,6．(especial)theblue”Youshouldbeawarethatifweweretodietomorrow,thefamilyweleftbehindwouldfeelthelossfor7．restoftheirlivesAndcometothinkaboutit,wedevote8．(us)moretoworkthantoourfamily-an9．(wise)decisionindeedSo,whatisbehindthestory?Filllifewithloveand10．(brave),andweshallliveahappylifeTherepresentativesfromsixmajorinternationalfilmfestivalsattendeda1．(week)programmeMariasaysthattheVeniceFilmFestivalistheoldestfilmfestivalintheworld,2．isanannualfestivalthat3．(begin)in4．KathytellstheaudiencethattheSundanceFilmFestivaldeliberatelyboycottsallHollywoodfilmsandthattheydon’tforeseeeverincluding5．IsabelsaysCannesis6．festivalthatcanmakefilmsfamous,atwhichmanyfilms7．(show)tothepublicforthefirsttimeAtBerlinInternationalFilmFestival,Hollywoodfilmsare8．theminority,filmsthatarelikelytobeoverlookedatotherfestivalshavearealchanceof9．(become)championsMikethinkstheTorontoInternationalFilmFestivalisthe10．(two)largestfestivalintheworldXuLisaystheShanghaiInternationalFilmFestivalhasagoodreputationworldwideandtheyhave11．(entry)frommanydifferentcountriesSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Cultureshockisn'taclinicaltermormedicalcondition.It'ssimplyacommonwaytodescribetheconfusingandnervousfeelingsapersonmayhaveafterleavingafamiliarculturetoliveinanewanddifferentculture.1、Thosecanbeexciting,butthosecanalsobeoverwhelming.Youmayfeelsad,anxious,frustratedandwanttogohome.Everyonemayfeelthepressuretochangehimselftofitinatonetimeoranother—whetherthey'velivedintheareafordaysoryears.2、Allofyourexperiencesbeforeyoucometoyournewhomearepartofyouandwhatmakesyouspecial.Thefollowingtipsmayhelpyouliveinanewculturemoreeasilyandmakesurethenewculturedoesn'toverpowertheold.Teachpeopleyourculture.You'retheonewhomeetsthenewculture,butitdoesn'tmeanyoushouldbetheonedoingallthelearning.Taketheopportunitytoteachyourclassmatesandnewfriendsaboutyourculture.3、Invitethemfortraditionaldishesfromyourculture,orshowthemhowyoucelebrateyourholidays.Findasupportgroup.Findpeopleinyourclassorneighborhoodwhohaverecentlymovedhere,too.Youcanshareexperiences,cheereachotherupwhenthingsgetdifficult.Keepintouchwithhome.Youprobablyleftbehindyourgoodfriendsandfamilywhenyoumoved.Ifit'sgoingtobealongtimeuntilyournextvisit,keepintouch.4、Younotonlyleftbehindpeople,butalsootherthings,likeyourfavoritespotstohangout.Keeppicturesaroundtoremindyouofhome.Remember,thekeytogettingoveryourcultureshockistounderstandthenewcultureandfindawaytolivecomfortablywithinitwhilekeepingtruetothepartsofyourownculturethatyouvalue.It'salsoimportanttobeyourself.Trynottoforceyourselftochangetoofastortoomanythingsallatonce.5、Aslongasyoufindagoodcombinationbetweenoldandnewcultures,you'llbefine.A．Makingfriendswhoaren'tnewtotheculturemayhelpyouunderstandthenewculturebetter.B．Butdon'tfeelthatyouneedtochangeeverythingaboutyourselfsoyoucanstandoutless.C．Whenyoumovetoanewplace,you'reboundtofacealotofchanges.D．Writeletters,sendemails,andmakephonecallssothatyoucanlearnaboutthethingshappeningthere.E.Youwillhaveyourownpaceofadjusting.F.Butthegoodnewsisthatcultureshockistemporary.G.Itwillalsohelpthemtolearnmoreaboutyouintheprocess.Manyofustendtocompareourselvestootherpeople.1、Whenyoucompareyourselftoyourfriendorcoworkeroccasionally,there’snothingwrongwithit,assuchacomparisonhelpsyoubecomebetterandstaymotivatedtoreachyourgoals.However,ifyouareconstantlycomparing