虛擬語氣 (3)課件

虛擬語氣Subjunctive虛擬語氣74993何謂“語氣”語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。虛擬語氣74993英語中的語氣

英語中共有三種語氣

陳述語氣(theIndicativeMood)祈使語氣(theImperativeMood)虛擬語氣(theSubjunctiveMood)虛擬語氣74993陳述語氣：用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。虛擬語氣74993虛擬語氣74993Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?I

will

stayathomeifit

rains

tomorrow.虛擬語氣74993祈使語氣：用來表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令、警告或勸告等。虛擬語氣74993虛擬語氣74993虛擬語氣74993虛擬語氣74993虛擬語氣虛擬語氣：是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式。他的作用是：表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑、愿望、要求、命令、建議等。虛擬語氣74993Ihaveacar.我有一部車。（指現(xiàn)在有）Ihadacar.我有一部車。（指過去有）IwishIhadacar.但愿我有一部車。（實(shí)際沒有，表愿望）虛擬語氣74993一、if條件句中的虛擬語氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過去現(xiàn)在將來haddone（過去完成時(shí)）過去式(did)bewere①did/were②should+do③weretodowouldshould+havedonesthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmight虛擬語氣749931.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞if動(dòng)詞過去式(be只用were的形式）should(would/could/might)+do(should只用于第一人稱)如果我有時(shí)間，我就要學(xué)習(xí)英語。IfI____(have)time,I__________(study)English.hadwouldstudy如果我是你，我就會(huì)買這棟房子。IfI_____(be)you,I__________(buy)thehouse.wereWouldbuy如果我能飛，我要飛到空中。IfI________(canfly),I__________（fly)inthesky.couldflywouldfly虛擬語氣749931.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.

A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.IfIhadsomemoney,I_______thepoorboy.AhelpBwillhelpC.wouldhelpD.wouldhavehelp3.IfI_________tenyearsyounger,I_________outtotrymyluck.

A.am,wouldgoB.was,willgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone虛擬語氣74993

2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句的動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞ifhaddone(過去完成時(shí)）should/would(could/might)+havedone如果我采納了你的建議，我就不會(huì)犯這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤了。IfI___________(take)youradvice,I_____________________(make)thismistake.hadtakenwouldn’thavemade如果他當(dāng)時(shí)用功學(xué)習(xí)的話，他可能就得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金了。Ifhe__________(study)hard,he______________(win)thescholarship.Hadstudied如果昨天他見到你，他就可能問你這個(gè)問題。Ifhe_______(see)youyesterday,he_________________(ask)youaboutit.couldhavewinhadseenWouldhaveasked虛擬語氣749931.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet2.Thefire___,ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.A.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothavebeenburntD.wouldnotburnt3.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegotDcD虛擬語氣749933.與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)連詞條件從句動(dòng)詞主句動(dòng)詞if①動(dòng)詞過去式(did/were)②should+動(dòng)詞原形③wereto+動(dòng)詞原形should(would/could/might)+do即使太陽從西邊出來，我也不會(huì)改變我的心意。Ifthesun____________________________(raise)inthewest,I________________(notchange)mymind.raised/shouldraid/weretoraisewouldnotchange虛擬語氣74993如果明天下雨，我們將不去公園了。Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,we___________(go)tothepark.rainedwouldnotgo如果我們?cè)儆辛硗?天假的話，我們都會(huì)感到跟高興的。Ifwe_____(have)another7-dayholiday,allofus________(be)morehappierhadwouldbe虛擬語氣749931.Ifhe____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotable2.Ifit________rainthisevening,IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm.

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might3.Ifit________tosnownextweek,Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage.

A.isB.beC.wereD.are

虛擬語氣74993一、if條件句中的虛擬語氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過去現(xiàn)在將來haddone（過去完成時(shí)）過去式(did)bewere①did/were②should+do③weretodowouldshould+havedonesthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmight虛擬語氣749931.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen;wouldprevent

C.were;wouldprevent

D.were;wouldhaveprevented2.Ifmyfather________herethedayaftertomorrow,he________meatall.

A.came,can’tsee

Bcomes,couldn’tseeC.comes,couldn’thaveseenD.came,couldn’tsee3.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay虛擬語氣74993如果明天下霧，我就不能開車去購物。

Ifit___________foggytomorrow,I______________________mycartogoshopping.2.如果我是一個(gè)男孩，我當(dāng)然會(huì)去參軍.IfI___________aboy,I___________certainlyjointhearmy.3.如果你開車更小心一點(diǎn)，就不會(huì)出這樣的事故.Ifyou______________________yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_________________________________.

werecouldn’tdrive

werewould

haddriven

couldn’thavehappened

虛擬語氣749934.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件條件句。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式。如果你昨天與他交談一下，你就知道現(xiàn)在該做什么了。Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.虛擬語氣74993如果你（那時(shí)）聽從我的建議的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)有事了。（從句說的是過去的事情，而主句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情）Ifyou____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice,you___________(be)allrightnow.

如果氣候再好些，莊稼會(huì)長的更好。Iftheweather________(be)finer,thecrops_________(be)growingstillbetter.

hadfollowedwouldbehadbeenwouldbe虛擬語氣749931.Ifyou____themedicine,you____betternow.A.took;wouldfeelB.hadtaken;feltC.hadtaken;wouldfeelD.took;wouldhavefelt2.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed虛擬語氣749933.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtogoabroadtoday,we____attheairport.A.willseeheroffB.haveseenheroffC.wouldseeheroffD.hadseenheroff4.-----Ishefeelinganybetter?---------No,ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,he___quiteallrightnow.A.willhavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wouldbeD.willbe虛擬語氣749935.條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；

條件從句中含有should，were，had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,并且條件句在句子前面，可以把if省略，然后把相應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞提到句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.虛擬語氣749931.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?_______________aflood,whatshouldwedo?2.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.._______________Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.3.IfIhadtakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow._____________myumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.ShouldtherebeHadIhadtimeHadItaken虛擬語氣749931.HadIknownhername,_____A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.9.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen2._________yourofferofriceandvegetables,wewouldhavegonehungry.

A.Ifithasn’tbeenfor

B.With

C.Hasitnotbeenfor

D.Haditnotbeenfor虛擬語氣74993注：并不是所有的if引導(dǎo)的條件句都用虛擬語氣。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的條件句的假設(shè)非常可能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，就不用虛擬語氣，這種條件句叫做“真實(shí)條件句”。Ifthetemperature(溫度)isupto100℃,thewaterwillboil.Itisraining.Ifwegoout,we’llgetwet.Hurryup!Ifwedon’thurry,we’llbelate.Ifhecomes,tellhimtowait.需要用虛擬的條件句，叫做“虛擬條件句”。虛擬語氣749931.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoff,ifit_____.A.willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israined2.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup,_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.ithadbeen…was B.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…h(huán)adbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeBA虛擬語氣749936.含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以if引導(dǎo)的條件句的形式表現(xiàn)出來。而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，這叫做含蓄虛擬語氣條件句。without,with,butfor(要不是…),undereg.Withoutyourhelp(=ifwehadnohadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)成功的。虛擬語氣74993eg.Withbetterequipment（=Ifwehadhadbetterequipment),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.如果又跟好的設(shè)備，我們也許會(huì)做的更好。eg.Butforelectricity(=iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.要是沒有電，就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。eg.Undersuchcircumstances,Iwouldhavedonethesame.在這樣的情況下，我也會(huì)做同樣的事情。虛擬語氣74993二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句虛擬語氣74993主語從句中的虛擬語氣

(should+do)句型1.Itis+adj.+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句此句型中adj.指的是形容事情重要性，令人吃驚，失望的形容詞。如：important,essential(緊要的),vital(極其重要的)urgent(緊迫的),imperative(迫切的），necessary,appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?,advisable(合理的),natural,proper(合適的),strange虛擬語氣74993重要的是你一定要吃藥。Itisimportantthatyou_____________(take)themedicine.他有必要參加這次考試。Itisnecessarythathe_______________(take)the

exam.她竟然嫁給了這種人，真奇怪/令人驚奇/令人失望。Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatsheshouldmarrysuchaman.(should)take(should)take虛擬語氣74993句型2：Itisapity/shamethat….Itisapity/shamethathe(should)belate.真可惜，他竟然遲到了。句型3：Itis+過去分詞+that….過去分詞指：表示建議，命令，要求的。如：

ordered,suggested,requested,required,recommended,demanded,desired….e.g.Itsuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.有人建議他應(yīng)該參加俱樂部活動(dòng)虛擬語氣749931.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.speak

B.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak2.Itisstrangethathe_____so.A.wouldsay

B.wouldspeakC.shouldsay

D.willspeak3.Itissuggestedthatwe____________(make)aspecialstudyoftheproblem.It’svitaltoherthatshe_________(take)thismedicine.

(Should)maketake虛擬語氣749932.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣（1）常見動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。1.insist

2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire虛擬語氣74993

這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即:從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。虛擬語氣74993我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場。WesuggestedthatTom____________arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.（should）have虛擬語氣74993國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.虛擬語氣74993注意：當(dāng)insist：不表示“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”，而表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為”不用虛擬語氣，用陳述語氣。當(dāng)suggest:

不表示“建議某人做某事”,而表示“暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬，用陳述語氣。他堅(jiān)持說他是對(duì)的。

Heinsistedthathewasright.

他堅(jiān)持要求我們到場。

Heinsistedthatweshouldpresent.虛擬語氣74993（2）她臉上的微笑暗示我做的好。

ThesmileonherfacesuggestedIdidagoodjob.

老師建議我們多讀英語。OurteachersuggestedthatwereadmoreEnglish.虛擬語氣749931.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand_______free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset2.Mary’suncleinsists____inthishotel.A,notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot3.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.has

B.hadC.have

D.willhave虛擬語氣749933.表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。相應(yīng)的名詞insistenceorder，commandsuggestion,advice,

proposaldemand,requirement,request,desire修飾這些名詞時(shí)表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式should+v.虛擬語氣74993我的建議是在村莊周圍多種些樹。

Myadviceisthatmoretrees_______________(plant)aroundthevillage.他們的提議是要我們?yōu)樗麄兂闪⒁凰鶚I(yè)余學(xué)校。

Theirproposalisthatwe____________(setup)asparetimeschoolforthem.他的意見是我們應(yīng)討論一下這個(gè)報(bào)告。

Hisrequirement

isthatwe______________(discuss)thereport.(should)beplantedshouldsetup(should)discuss虛擬語氣74993我們都同意他的意見，去北京觀光。Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.你認(rèn)為我們立即開始第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)的意見怎么樣？Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwe___________(begin)thesecondexperimentatonce?

我們所有的人都贊同關(guān)閉這家化工廠。

Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory________(be)closeddown.(should)goshouldbeginshouldbe虛擬語氣74993

1.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Theorderthattheprisoner______arrivedtoolate.A.issetfree

B.shouldsetfree

C.besetfree

D.willbesetfree3.Hissuggestionthatthemeeting______wasturneddown.A.bedelayed

B.willbedelayed

C.woulddelayed

D.isdelayed虛擬語氣749934.Mydemandisthatshe_______toseemeonceaweek.A.shouldcameB.willcomeC.iscomingD.come5.Theorderisthatyou_________thatpersonasquicklyaspossible.A.foundB.willfindC.shouldfindD.wouldfind虛擬語氣749931.用虛擬語氣的名詞性從句，都是that引導(dǎo)的。2.用虛擬語氣的名詞性從句，其形式都是：

should+do(should可以省略）3.主語從句“itis…that”

賓、表、同位語從句：注意表示一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求的詞?？偨Y(jié)虛擬語氣74993三、其他句型中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣749931.wish的賓語從句wish的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(shí)(did/were)過去完成時(shí)(haddone)would/could/might+V.

不能用shouldIwishIwereabird.(現(xiàn)在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未來)虛擬語氣749931.---Heisaverybraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_____hiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.mayhave2.IwishI_____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldgo3.IwishI___youyesterday.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee4.IwishI____tenyearsyounger.A.amB.wereC.amgoingtoD.be虛擬語氣749935.Iwishthatyou_____.getagoodjobB.willgetagoodjobC.wouldgetagoodjobD.havegotagoodjob6.---Don’tyouwanttogotoakaraokebarwithus?-----IwishI_____,butIhaveanappointment.A.mayB.couldC.canD.should7.---You___havesetasidemoretimetoplaywithourkids.-----IwishI____,butyouknowhowbusyIwas.should;wouldB.could;didC.might;shouldD.should;had虛擬語氣749932.It’stime+that從句中要用虛擬語氣（過去式或

should+do)不可省略should你該走了。(about/high)It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們?cè)撊ニX了。It’stimethatwe______

(go)tobed.It’stimethatwe_________(go)tobed.

wentshouldgo虛擬語氣749931.It’stimewe____ourmeeting.A.mustbeginB.beginC.begunD.began2.----Tommy,isn’tittimeyou____theschoolbus?------Okay,I____mybreakfast.A.shouldcatch;havealmostfinishedB.catch;willalmostfinishingC.caught;amalmostfinishingD.willcatch;almostfinish

24.Everybodyhasarrived.It’stimewe___themeeting.A.wouldstartB.hadstartedC.shallstartD.started

虛擬語氣749933.wouldrather+that

引導(dǎo)賓語從句中（我寧愿…)過去:現(xiàn)在：未來：過去時(shí)(did/were)過去時(shí)(did/were)過去完成時(shí)(haddone)我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就付給我錢。（現(xiàn)在）Iwouldratheryou_____(pay)menow.paid我寧愿你昨天也走了。（過去）Iwouldratheryou_________(go)tooyesterday.hadgone

別來，我寧愿你明天來。(未來)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou_____(come)tomorrow.came虛擬語氣74993回顧：wouldrather+動(dòng)詞原形意謂“寧可……”、“寧愿……”、“最好……”

E.g.：He’dratherworkinthecountryside.

★其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth

E.g.:Mr.Liwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic.

如果表示對(duì)過去的愿望：wouldrather+havedone我寧愿昨天沒有碰到他。Iwouldrathernothavemetyouyesterday.虛擬語氣749931.-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.mustn’t2.----Wouldyouliketoworkinmycompany?----Sorry,I’drather____here,butI’drathermybrother_____toyourcompany.A.staying;goesB.tostay;togoC.stay;wentD.tostay;goes3.----Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?-----Yes,butI’drather_____it.A.notdoB.nottodoC.havenotdoneD.nothavedone

虛擬語氣74993asif和asthough都表示“好像是”，引導(dǎo)的從句只要表示“與事實(shí)相反的”，都要用虛擬語氣。4.asif/though+從句現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時(shí)/were過去完成時(shí)他的說話就像是認(rèn)識(shí)我一樣。Hetalksasifhe_____(know)me.她像愛自己兒子一樣愛這個(gè)孩子。Shelovesthebabyasifit____(be)herownson.wereknew我記得這件事，好像昨天剛發(fā)生一樣。Irememberthewholethingasifit___________(happen)yesterday.hadhappened虛擬語氣74993

：此句型中的“現(xiàn)在”和“過去”指是:asif應(yīng)到的從句動(dòng)詞和主句動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。(1)現(xiàn)在：指從句動(dòng)詞和主句動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生:Helooksasifhewereill.(他現(xiàn)在看起來好像有病。)Helookedasifhewereill.(他那時(shí)看起來好像有病。)(2)過去：指的是從句動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞之前：Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.注意虛擬語氣749931.Franklinlookedasthoughhe____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen2.Kittytalksasifshe____onthespot.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.be3.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.A.know

B.knowsC.known

D.knew虛擬語氣749931.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.brea