Basic Chemistry 基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下天津大學(xué)

BasicChemistry基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下天津大學(xué)天津大學(xué)

第一章測(cè)試

Solidshavea__________shapeandarenotappreciably__________.

A:indefinite,compressibleB:sharp,convertibleC:indefinite,incompressibleD:definite,incompressibleE:definite,compressible

答案:definite,compressible

Thesymbolfortheelementpotassiumis__________.

A:PtB:PC:SD:KE:Ca

答案:K

TheSIunitformassis__________.

A:poundB:troyounceC:gramD:kilogram

答案:kilogram

Thetemperatureof25°Cis__________inkelvins.

A:248B:138C:298D:103E:166

答案:298

Thedensityofsilveris10.5g/cm3.Apieceofsilverwithamassof61.3gwouldoccupyavolumeof__________cm3.

A:5.84B:0.171C:644D:0.00155E:10.5

答案:5.84

ThecorrectresultofthemolecularmasscalculationforH2SO4is________.4×15.9994+32.066+2×1.0079

A:98.838B:98.074C:98.079D:98.84E:98.08

答案:98.079

Thereare__________significantfiguresintheanswertothefollowingcomputation:(29.2-20.0)(1.79×105)/1.39

A:5B:1C:3D:2E:4

答案:2

Ofthefollowing,__________isthesmallestmass.

A:2.5×10-2mgB:2.5×1015pgC:2.5×109fgD:25kgE:2.5×1010ng

答案:2.5×109fg

Accuracyrefersto__________.

A:howcloseameasurednumberistothetruevalueB:howcloseameasurednumberistozeroC:howcloseameasurednumberistoothermeasurednumbersD:howcloseameasurednumberistothecalculatedvalueE:howcloseameasurednumberistoinfinity

答案:howcloseameasurednumberistothetruevalue

Inwhichoneofthefollowingnumbersareallofthezerossignificant?

A:100.09009B:0.003002C:0.05843D:0.14329E:0.1

答案:100.09009

第二章測(cè)試

Acertainmassofcarbonreactswith13.6gofoxygentoformcarbonmonoxide.__________gramsofoxygenwouldreactwiththatsamemassofcarbontoformcarbondioxide,accordingtothelawofmultipleproportions?

A:6.8B:25.6C:136D:27.2E:13.6

答案:27.2

Whichstatementbelowcorrectlydescribestheresponsesofalpha,beta,andgammaradiationtoanelectricfield?

A:Alphaandbetaaredeflectedinoppositedirections,whilegammashowsnoresponseB:Bothalphaandbetaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilegammashowsnoresponseC:Bothalphaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilebetashowsnoresponseD:Bothbetaandgammaaredeflectedinthesamedirection,whilealphashowsnoresponseE:Onlyalphaisdeflected,whilebetaandgammashownoresponse

答案:Alphaandbetaaredeflectedinoppositedirections,whilegammashowsnoresponse

__________and__________resideintheatomicnucleus.

A:Protons,electronsB:Neutrons,onlyneutronsC:Protons,neutronsD:Electrons,neutronsE:noneoftheabove

答案:Protons,neutrons

Whichoneofthefollowingisnottrueconcerningcathoderays?

A:TheyoriginatefromthenegativeelectrodeB:TheytravelinstraightlinesintheabsenceofelectricormagneticfieldsC:TheyaremadeupofelectronsD:TheyimpartanegativechargetometalsexposedtothemE:Thecharacteristicsofcathoderaysdependonthematerialfromwhichtheyareemitted

答案:Thecharacteristicsofcathoderaysdependonthematerialfromwhichtheyareemitted

Thechargeonanelectronwasdeterminedinthe__________.

A:RutherfordgoldfoilexperimentB:cathoderaytube,byJ.J.ThompsonC:atomictheoryofmatterD:MillikanoildropexperimentE:Daltonatomictheory

答案:Millikanoildropexperiment

IntheRutherfordnuclear-atommodel,__________.

A:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemassB:thelightsubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusC:theheavysubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleusD:thethreeprincipalsubatomicparticles(protons,neutrons,andelectrons)allhaveessentiallythesamemassandmassisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatomE:massisspreadessentiallyuniformlythroughouttheatom

答案:theheavysubatomicparticles,protonsandneutrons,resideinthenucleus

Allatomsofagivenelementhavethesame__________.

A:massB:numberofelectronsandneutronsC:numberofneutronsD:numberofprotonsE:density

答案:numberofprotons

Anatomofthemostcommonisotopeofgold,197Au,has__________protons,__________neutrons,and__________electrons.

A:197,79,118B:79,118,118C:79,197,197D:118,79,39E:79,118,79

答案:79,118,79

Whichcombinationofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsiscorrectfortheisotopecopper-63,?

A:29p+,29n°,63e?B:34p+,29n°,34e?C:29p+,34n°,29e?D:34p+,34n°,29e?E:63p+,29n°,63e?

答案:29p+,34n°,29e?

Isotopesareatomsthathavethesamenumberof__________butdifferingnumberof__________.

A:protons,neutronsB:protons,electronsC:neutrons,protonsD:neutrons,electronsE:electrons,protons

答案:protons,neutrons

第三章測(cè)試

__________iscreditedwithdevelopingtheconceptofatomicnumbers.

A:HenryMoseleyB:DmitriMendeleevC:LotharMeyerD:MichaelFaradayE:ErnestRutherford

答案:HenryMoseley

Elementsinthemodernversionoftheperiodictablearearrangedinorderofincreasing__________.

A:averageatomicmassB:atomicnumberC:oxidationnumberD:numberofisotopesE:atomicmass

答案:atomicnumber

Thefirstionizationenergiesoftheelements__________asyougofromlefttorightacrossaperiodoftheperiodictable,and__________asyougofromthebottomtothetopofagroupinthetable.

A:arecompletelyunpredictableB:decrease,decreaseC:increase,increaseD:decrease,increaseE:increase,decrease

答案:increase,increase

Ingeneral,asyougoacrossaperiodintheperiodictablefromlefttoright:(1)theatomicradius__________;(2)theelectronaffinitybecomes__________negative;and(3)thefirstionizationenergy__________.

A:decreases,decreasingly,increasesB:decreases,increasingly,decreasesC:increases,increasingly,decreasesD:decreases,increasingly,increasesE:increases,increasingly,increases

答案:decreases,increasingly,increases

Whichofthefollowingtraitscharacterizesthealkalimetals?

A:veryhighmeltingpointB:existenceasdiatomicmoleculesC:formationofdianionsD:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiodE:thesmallestatomicradiusinaperiod

答案:thelowestfirstionizationenergiesinaperiod

Oxidesoftheactivemetalscombinewithwatertoform__________.

A:hydrogengasB:waterandasaltC:oxygengasD:metalhydridesE:metalhydroxides

答案:metalhydroxides

Analkalineearthmetalformsacompoundwithoxygenwiththeformula__________.(ThesymbolMrepresentsanyoneofthealkalineearthmetals.)

A:MO2B:MO3C:M2OD:MOE:M2O2

答案:MO

Whichnon-metalexistsasadiatomicsolid?

A:antimonyB:phosphorusC:bromineD:boronE:iodine

答案:iodine

Theonlynoblegasthatdoesnothavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationis__________.

A:kryptonB:Allnoblegaseshavethens2np6valenceelectronconfigurationC:heliumD:neonE:radon

答案:helium

Whatistheoxidationnumberofchromiumin[Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl__________?

A:0B:-3C:-2D:3E:2

答案:3

第四章測(cè)試

Thereare__________pairedand__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforaphosphorusatom.

A:2,4B:4,3C:2,3D:4,2E:0,3

答案:2,3

Thereare__________unpairedelectronsintheLewissymbolforanoxygenatom.

A:0B:1C:4D:3E:2

答案:2

Theelectronconfigurationofthephosphideion(P3-)is__________.

A:[Ne]3s23p1B:[Ne]3s2C:[Ne]3s23p3D:[Ne]3s23p6E:[Ne]3p2

答案:[Ne]3s23p6

Elementsfromoppositesidesoftheperiodictabletendtoform__________.

A:ioniccompoundsB:compoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperatureC:homonucleardiatomiccompoundsD:covalentcompoundsE:covalentcompoundsthataregaseousatroomtemperature

答案:ioniccompounds

DetermininglatticeenergyfromBorn-Habercycledatarequirestheuseof__________.

A:

Hess'slawB:Coulomb'slawC:theoctetrule

D:Avogadro'snumberE:Periodiclaw

答案:

Hess'slaw

Howmanyhydrogenatomsmustbondtosilicontogiveitanoctetofvalenceelectrons?

A:3B:2C:4D:5E:1

答案:4

Inthemoleculebelow,whichatomhasthelargestpartialnegativecharge__________?

A:CB:BrC:ID:ClE:F

答案:F

Electronegativity__________fromlefttorightwithinaperiodand__________fromtoptobottomwithinagroup.

A:decreases,increasesB:increases,increasesC:staysthesame,increasesD:increases,decreasesE:increases,staysthesame

答案:increases,decreases

TheLewisstructureofAsH3shows__________nonbondingelectronpair(s)onAs.

A:1B:0C:Thiscannotbedeterminedfromthedatagiven.D:3E:2

答案:1

Theformalchargeoncarboninthemoleculebelowis__________.

A:0B:2C:-1D:3E:1

答案:0

第五章測(cè)試

ThecorrectnameforK2Sis__________.

A:potassiumsulfideB:potassiumsulfateC:dipotassiumsulfateD:potassiumdisulfideE:potassiumbisulfide

答案:potassiumsulfide

ThecorrectnameforH2SO3is__________.

A:hydrosulfuricacidB:hydrosulficacidC:sulfurousacidD:sulfuricacidE:sulfurhydroxide

答案:sulfurousacid

ThecorrectnameofthecompoundNa3Nis__________.

A:sodiumnitrideB:sodium(IX)nitrideC:sodiumtrinitrideD:trisodiumnitrideE:sodiumazide

答案:sodiumnitride

TheionsCa2+andPO43-formasaltwiththeformula__________.

A:Ca3(PO4)2B:Ca2PO4C:Ca(PO4)2D:Ca2(PO4)3E:CaPO4

答案:Ca3(PO4)2

ElementMreactswithfluorinetoformanioniccompoundwiththeformulaMF3.TheM-ionhas18electrons.ElementMis__________.

A:ArB:ScC:CaD:PE:Cr

答案:Sc

TheconjugatebaseofHSO4-is

A:H2SO4B:HSO4+C:H3SO4+D:OH-E:SO42-

答案:SO42-

WhatisthepHofanaqueoussolutionat25.0°Cinwhich[H+]is0.00250M?

A:-3.4B:-2.6C:2.25D:2.6E:3.4

答案:2.6

Whatistheconcentration(inM)ofhydroniumionsinasolutionat25.0°CwithpH=4.282?

A:1.66×104B:1.92×10-10C:9.71D:4.28E:5.22×10-5

答案:5.22×10-5

WhatisthepHofa0.0150Maqueoussolutionofbariumhydroxide?

A:12.5B:12.2C:1.52D:1.82E:10.4

答案:12.5

第六章測(cè)試

Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientsare__________.NH3(g)+O2(g)→NO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:2,3,2,3B:4,3,4,3C:1,3,1,2D:4,7,4,6E:1,1,1,1

答案:4,7,4,6

Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofAlis__________.Al(s)+H2O(l)→Al(OH)3(s)+H2(g)

A:4B:5C:3D:2E:1

答案:2

Whenthefollowingequationisbalanced,thecoefficientofO2is__________.C2H4O(g)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+H2O(g)

A:5B:3C:2D:4E:1

答案:5

Writethebalancedequationforthereactionthatoccurswhenmethanol,CH3CH(l)isburnedinair.Whatisthecoefficientofmethanolinthebalancedequation?

A:3B:1.5C:4D:1E:2

答案:2

Thebalancedequationforthedecompositionofsodiumazideis__________.

A:2NaN3(s)→Na2(s)+3N2(g)B:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)+N(g)C:NaN3(s)→Na(s)+N2(g)D:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)E:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+2N2(g)

答案:2NaN3(s)→2Na(s)+3N2(g)

Thesolubilityofmanganese(II)hydroxide(Mn(OH)2)is2.2×10-5M.WhatistheKspofMn(OH)2?

A:2.2×10-5B:1.1×10-14C:2.1×10-14D:4.3×10-14E:4.8×10-10

答案:4.3×10-14

Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatcontains49.4%K,20.3%S,and30.3%Obymass?

A:K2SO4B:KSO2C:KSO3D:K2SO3E:KSO4

答案:K2SO3

Acompoundcontains40.0%C,6.71%H,and53.29%Obymass.Themolecularweightofthecompoundis60.05amu.Themolecularformulaofthiscompoundis__________.

A:CH2OB:CHO2C:C2H3O4D:C2H2O4E:C2H4O2

答案:C2H4O2

Magnesiumandnitrogenreactinacombinationreactiontoproducemagnesiumnitride:3Mg+N2→Mg3N2Inaparticularexperiment,a9.27gsampleofN2reactscompletely.ThemassofMgconsumedis__________g.

A:16.1B:8.04C:24.1D:0.92E:13.9

答案:24.1

Whichofthefollowingreactionsisaredoxreaction?(a)K2CrO4+BaCl2→BaCrO4+2KCl(b)Pb22++2Br-→PbBr(c)Cu+S→CuS

A:(b)and(c)B:(b)onlyC:(c)onlyD:(a)onlyE:(a)and(c)

答案:(c)only

第七章測(cè)試

Agasatapressureof10.0Paexertsaforceof__________Nonanareaof5.5m2.

A:1.8B:0.55C:18D:55E:5.5

答案:55

Agasvesselisattachedtoanopen-endmanometercontaininganon-volatileliquidofdensity0.791g/mLasshownbelow.Thedifferenceinheightsoftheis755mmHg.Giventhatthedensityofmercuryis13.6g/mL,thepressureoftheenclosedgasis__________atm.liquidinthetwosidesofthemanometeris43.4cmwhentheatmosphericpressure

A:1.03B:0.987C:0.99D:0.96E:0.993

答案:0.96

Asampleofagas(5.0mol)at1.0atmisexpandedatconstanttemperaturefrom10Lto15L.Thefinalpressureis__________atm.

A:15B:0.67C:7.5D:1.5E:3.3

答案:0.67

AsampleofH2gas(12.28g)occupies100.0Lat400.0Kand2.00atm.Asampleweighing9.49goccupies__________Lat353Kand2.00atm.

A:77.3B:54.7C:68.2D:147E:109

答案:68.2

A0.325Lflaskfilledwithgasat0.914atmand19°Ccontains__________molofgas.

A:1.48×10-2B:9.42C:1.24×10-2D:12.4E:80.7

答案:1.24×10-2

Asampleofgas(1.3mol)occupies__________Lat22°Cand2.5atm.

A:0.079B:3.2×10-2C:13D:31E:0.94

答案:13

AflaskcontainsamixtureofHeandNeatatotalpressureof2.6atm.Thereare2.0molofHeand5.0molofNeintheflask.ThepartialpressureofHeis__________atm.

A:1.04B:6.5C:0.74D:1.86E:9.1

答案:0.74

Theroot-mean-squarespeedofCOat113°Cis__________m/s.

A:317B:993C:586D:58.3E:31.5

答案:586

AsampleofN2gas(2.0mmol)effusedthroughapinholein5.5s.Itwilltake__________sforthesameamountofCH4toeffuseunderthesameconditions.

A:4.2B:5.5C:9.6D:7.3E:3.1

答案:4.2

UsingthevanderWaalsequation,thepressureina22.4Lvesselcontaining1.00molofneongasat100°Cis__________atm.(a=0.211L2atm/mol2,b=0.0171L/mol)

A:1.37B:1.21C:0.367D:1E:0.73

答案:1.37

第八章測(cè)試

Asolutionispreparedbydissolving15.0gofNH3in250gofwater.Thedensityoftheresultingsolutionis0.974g/mL.ThemolefractionofNH3inthesolutionis__________.

A:16.8B:0.922C:0.064D:0.0597E:0.94

答案:0.0597

Thevaporpressureofpurewaterat25°Cis23.8torr.Determinethevaporpressure(torr)ofwaterat25°Caboveasolutionpreparedbydissolving35gofurea(anon-volatile,non-electrolyte,MW=60.0g/mol)in75gofwater.

A:27B:3.3C:21D:0.88E:2.9

答案:21

Thefreezingpointofethanol(C2H5OH)is-114.6°C.Themolalfreezingpointdepressionconstantforethanolis2.00°C/m.Whatisthefreezingpoint(°C)ofasolutionpreparedbydissolving50.0gofglycerine(C3H8O3anonelectrolyte)in200gofethanol?

A:-114.6B:-132.3C:-5.42D:-120E:-115

答案:-120

Asolutionispreparedbydisso