湖北省鄂州市華容區(qū)2023年考研《英語一》最后沖刺試題含解析

湖北省鄂州市華容區(qū)2023年考研《英語一》最后沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Idon’ttalkwithpassengersonairplanes.Myflighttimeis1forturningthepagesofagoodbook.Thatchanged,2,onaflightfromTampatoNewarkwhenIsatnexttohertheladyinSeat26B．After3myseat,Iopenedmybook.Thenshe4me.“Andwhereareyoutravelingto?Homeoronvacation?”“Headinghome,”Iclosedmybook.“You?”“Oh,home,too,”shebegan,“Icomefroma(n)5family.Ninekids!I’mtheoldest6aliveeighty-nine!”Andthenshelaughed,joyfully.Iwouldn’thave7shewasnearlyninety,though.“Goodbook?”sheasked,pointingtomypaperback.“Yes.Doyouread?”“Oh,Idon’thave8toread,”shereplied.I’msixtyyearsyoungerthan26B,yetshe’stheonewho’stoobusytoread?Whatonearthcouldshebedoingwithher9?“Well,”shebegan,“IworkatCostco.Thereare10nicepeople.Therearealsothe11ones,butIenjoythem,too!”Shelaughedagain,andI12herabilitytonotletnegativeenergiesaffecther13.IwonderedhowIcould14that,too.“What’syoursecret,”Iasked,“tosoundingso15andhealthy?”“Myhusbanddiedtenyearsago,”shesaid,16.“Ithoughttomyself,I’mnotgoingtojust17!That’swhenIgotmyCostcojob.Ibelieveinbeingactive.”“Lifeissogood,”she18,“I’mjustexcitedeverydaytoliveit!”IwantedthatplaneridetoreroutetoCaliforniasoIwouldhavemoretimetolearnaboutherenergyforlife.Ibecamemore19witheachmileweflew.Itoldmyself,ifsomeonewhoiseighty-nineyearsoldcanchoosetoliveherlifewithsuch20andpassion,Ican,too.Ifyouhavethedrive!1、A．reserved B．a(chǎn)djusted C．squeezed D．limited2、A．thus B．instead C．though D．rather3、A．slippinginto B．searchingfor C．clearingup D．settlinginto4、A．cameto B．bentto C．turnedto D．pointedto5、A．complex B．nuclear C．wealthy D．extended6、A．yet B．even C．still D．ever7、A．predicted B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．guessed D．doubted8、A．time B．patience C．a(chǎn)bilities D．chances9、A．days B．talent C．books D．interest10、A．really B．a(chǎn)ctually C．seemingly D．probably11、A．learned B．weird C．a(chǎn)mbitious D．innocent12、A．weighed B．a(chǎn)dmired C．realized D．identified13、A．a(chǎn)im B．fate C．taste D．mood14、A．obtain B．manage C．control D．imagine15、A．a(chǎn)cademic B．realistic C．positive D．creative16、A．sadly B．coldly C．seriously D．peacefully17、A．hangout B．sitaround C．stepback D．getaway18、A．responded B．continued C．recalled D．declared19、A．a(chǎn)stonished B．satisfied C．delighted D．inspired20、A．desire B．wisdom C．courage D．confidenceSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Thenexttimeyourbrainrefusestorecallasimplefactorname,bethankful.Thatcouldbeasignthatyourbrainisgettingridofunnecessaryinformationsothatitcanoperatemoreefficiently,andhelpyoumakebetterdecisions.Theresearcherssaytherearenumerousneurobiological(神經(jīng)生物學(xué)的)studiesconductedonhowthebrainstoresinformation,aprocesscalledpersistence(暫留).However,scientistsalsoassumedthatouroccasionalinabilitytorecallfactswasduetoaareanthebrain.In2013,scientistsdiscoveredthatasnewneuronscombinewiththehippocampus(海馬區(qū))aregionofthebrainthatplaysasignificantroleinlearningandrememberingtheyoverwriteoldmemories,makingthemhardertoaccess.Thereisalsoevidencethatthebrainweakensorremovesconnectionsbetweenneurons,inwhichmemoriesareencoded.Thescientistshaveatheoryonwhythebrainspendssomuchenergyerasingmemories.Theysaywhatthebraindecidestoforgetisdeterminedbyourdailylife.Anexampleisthatourbrainsrememberphonenumbersaccordingtotheneed.Insteadofstoringthisirrelevantinformationthatourphonescanstoreforus,ourbrainsarefreeduptostorethememoriesthatactuallydomatterforus.Theyalsobelievethatmemorizingtoomuchdetailcouldpreventusfrommakinggooddecisions.Sothenexttimeyouareunabletorecallaseeminglyimportantfact,don’tbehardonyourself.Justthrowittoyourbrain’s“rubbishcan”tomakeroomforinformationthatcancontributetomakingyousmarter!Remember,evenAlbertEinsteinwasabsent-minded!1、Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．PersistenceisnotaprocesstostoreinformationB．Onceinformationisstoredinthebrain,itwilllastforeverC．LearningandmemorizingtakeplaceinthehippocampusD．Newneuronswillstrengthenoldmemories2、Thebrainhastoerasememoriesto__________.A．recallimportantinformationB．storemoreimportantinformationC．storedetailD．rememberphonenumbers3、Ifsomeunimportantinformationisstored,itwillbe_________.A．combinedwiththehippocampusB．processedandmemorizedpermanentlyC．storedanddecodedimmediatelyD．removedandforgottensoon4、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ScientistsencourageustoforgetthingsB．ThewayourbrainsmemorizeandencodeC．ForgettingthingsmaymakeyousmarterD．WhywasAlbertEinsteinabsent-minded?Text2Best

Science

Booksof2017Atitsheart,scienceisaboutcuriosity.Soitstandstoreasonthesebooksaboutscienceshouldmakeyouexamineyourworldmoreclosely,andindoingso,giveyouasenseofwonder.Big

Chicken,

by

Maryn

McKennaInvestigative

journalist

Maryn

McKenna

uses

the

modern

industrialchickenasawindowintohowantibiotics(抗生素)

transformed

modernagriculture—forgoodandill.Shetraceshowanimalantibioticsendangerhumanhealth,

causing

serious

problems

from

antibiotic

resistantstomachinfectionstoUTIs.RecognizingthatAmericansaregoingtocontinuetoeatchickennomatterwhat,McKennasuggestsawayinwhichfactoryfarmingridsitselfofitsdependenceonantibiotics.Why

Time

Flies,

by

Alan

BurdickNew

Yorker

staff

writer

Alan

Burdick

examines

the

greatest

gift

humanity

has

ever

known:

time.

Time,hewrites,appears

to

exist

in

two

distinct

forms.

One

is

the

standardized,objectivekindfoundinclocksandwatches;theother

is

our

internal,

biological

sense

of

time,the

one

we

measure

in

our

cells,

bodies

and

minds.Butthecloserhelooks,the

less

clearer

this

distinction

appears.Paleoart,

by

Zoe

LescazeDinosaurs

have

long

captured

the

imaginations

of

scientists

and

artists

alike,

and

Paleoart

bringsthosevisionstogetherinablendofhumanknowledgeandcreativity.Theseimagesnotonlyshowourchangingunderstandingofdinosaurs,butalsoreflectthedistinctartisticsensibilitiesoftheirtime.Bothartisticandeducational,thesepicturesarecertainlyinfluential.WhatIt’sLiketoBeaDog,byGregoryBernsBerns,aneuroscientists,traineddogstositinamachineinordertolookintothebrainsofconsciousdogsforthefirsttime.Thatpioneeringworkinspiredhimtodigdeeperintothemindsofotheranimals,fromsealionstotheextinctthylacine(袋狼).Bernssays,“Withtheirabilitytothink,chooseandfeel,dogsandotheranimalsdonotdeservethecrueltreatmenthumanssooftendotothem.”1、Which

book

has

something

to

do

with

public

health?A．Big

Chicken.B．Why

Time

Flies.C．Paleoart.D．What

It

’s

Like

to

Be

a

Dog.2、Who

writes

about

time?A．Maryn

Mckenna.B．Alan

Burdick.C．Zoe

Lescaze.D．Gregory

Berns.3、What

was

Berns’

pioneering

work?A．Training

dogs.B．Studying

extinct

animals.C．Observing

dog

brains.D．Fighting

for

animal

rights.Text3Haveyoueverheardofagritourismwhereyoucanexperiencefarmlife?Ifnot,Dr.CindyAyers-ElliottwilltellyoutherealstoryofFootPrintFarms.TheoriginalconceptofbuildingFootPrintFarmswassimple.WhenAyers-Elliottreturnedtoherhometownaftergraduation，shedidn'thavetolookanyfurtherthanherstate'salarminghealthstatisticstofindamission.Everywheresheturned,therewerereportsofhighbloodpressure,diabetes,obesityandheartdisease.“Theproblemwasalreadyidentified."explainsAyers-Elliott.“ToomanyMississippianswereseriouslyunhealthyanditdidn’ttakeresearchtoseethat.Andmanyofthestate'sgreatesthealthchallengescoulddirectlyresultfrompoordiet.”Thesedays，F(xiàn)ootPrintFarms,whichstartedwithafewraisedbedsofherbsandvegetables,ismakingfresh,naturallygrownfood."Whenspeakingofthekeytomysuccess，theco-opmodelworksbecausewesharetheworkandrewards，”notesAyers-Elliott.“AperfectexampleistheWingfieldHighSchoolfootballteam.Toearnthemoneyforequipmentandotheritems,playerscommittedtoworkingfivehoursaweekonthefarm，andbytheendofthesummertheyhadproduced1，000melonsandtheprofitsfromtheirsaleshelpedtobuyweights，T-shirts，sweatsuitsandpregamemeals.Butthelessonstheylearnedabouttherewardsofhardworkandworkingtogethertoaccomplishsomethingwereevenmorevaluableproductsoftheirefforts.”"It'samodelthatcaneasilybelearnedinotherplacesandI'mlookingforwardtoseeingsomeofourcurrentpartnersdojustthat——totakewhattheyhavelearnedhereandspinitoffinothercommunities,"Ayers-Elliottremarks.Sheisnowlookingforwardtodevelopinganagritourismaspecttothefarm,wherevisitorscanexperiencefarmlife,learnnewskillsandtakewiththemseedsofinspirationtheycansowintheirowncommunitieswhentheyreturnhome.1、WhatmadeAyers-ElliottsetupFootPrintFarms?A．Theproblemsfacedbylocalfarmers.B．Herfurtherresearchintoheartdisease.C．Thefailureofhercareeraftergraduation.D．Thehealthstateofpeopleinherhometown.2、Whydoestheauthortakethefootballteamasanexample?A．Toadvocatetheconceptofindependence.B．Tostresstheimportanceofteamwork.C．Tosupporttheideaofco-opmodel.D．Toexplorethekeytosuccess.3、WhatisAyers-Elliott'sattitudetowardsthefutureofFootPrintFarms?A．Optimistic. B．Skeptical.C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous.4、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Naturallygrownfoodbenefitspeople’shealth.B．FoodPrintFarmsismakingadifferenceinMississippi.C．Ayers-ElliottencouragespeopletoexperiencefarmD．AgritourismisbecomingincreasinglypopularinAmerica.Text4Thearmbonesofwomenwholived7,000yearsagoshowasurprisinglevelofstrength--evenhigherthantoday'sprofessionalathletes.That'saccordingtoafirst-everstudycomparingprehistoric(史前的)bonestothoseoflivingpeople.Thefindingsuggestsarevisionofhistory-theeverydaylivesofprehistoricwomenwerefilledwithhardlabor,ratherthanjustsittingathomedoinglightertaskswhilethemenstruggledandfoughtforlife.“Beforethestudy,therearenoclearrecordsdescribinghowourancientancestorslived.Itcanbeeasytoforgetthatboneisalivingtissue,onethatrespondstothedifficultiesweputourbodiesthrough,”saidleadauthorAlisonMacintosh.“Physicalforceandmuscleactivitybothputpressureonthebone.Thebonereactsbychanginginshape,thicknessandotheraspectsovertime.”Previousstudiesonlycomparedfemalebonestocontemporarymalebones,theresearcherssaid-andthat'saproblem,becausetheresponseofmalebonestostressandchangeismuchbiggerthanthatofwomen.Forinstance,ashumansmovedfromahunter-gathererlifestyleconstantlyonthemovetoamoresettledagrarian(農(nóng)耕的)one,changescanbeobservedinthestructureoftheshinbone(脛骨)-andthesechangesweremuchmoreevidentinmen.However,acomparisonofthebonesofprehistoricwomentothebonesoflivingfemaleathletescanhelpusworkoutamoreaccuratepictureofwhatthoseprehistoricwomenweredoing."Byanalyzingthebonesoflivingpeopleandcomparingthemtotheancientbones,wecanstarttoexplainthekindsoflaborourancestorswerereforming,Macintoshsaid.Whattheyfoundwasthatwomen'slegstrengthhasn'tchangedagreatdeal,buttheirarmsusedtobeverypowerful.Prehistoricwomen,theresearchersfound,hadarmstrength11-16percentstrongerthanthoseofmodernrowers(槳手),and30percentstrongerthanthoseofnon-athletes.1、Whatdoesthestudytellaboutprehistoricwomen?A．Theywerestrongerthanmen. B．Theyhadlighterbonesthanmen.C．Theydidtoughtasksasthemen. D．Theyspentmosttimestayingathome.2、Whatproblemdidpreviousstudiesonprehistoricboneshave?A．Theylackedenoughcomparison. B．Theyonlystudiedmen'sbones.C．Theyfocusedlittleonbones. D．Theyignoredthelifestyles.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph3referto?A．Bones’structure. B．Bones'thickness.C．Bones’responsetostress. D．Bones’stressfromhardlabor.4、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．It'sstillhardtoexplainourancestors'lifestyle.B．Prehistoricwomenwentthroughmuchsuffering.C．Women'sarmshavebecomemuchstrongerovertime.D．Prehistoricwomenarestrongerthancontemporaryfemales.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ChinaisabigoldcountryandithasahistoryofmorethanfivethousandyearsWeareproudof1．(it)cultureandpartofthecultureeveninfluencestheworld2．(great),forexample,thethoughtofConfuciusAsChineseeconomydevelopsveryfastandplays3．importantroleintheworld,moreandmore4．(foreign)learnMandarin(普通話)inConfuciusinstitutionsTheChinesetraditionalculturecanbetestedbythetimeItunitesthewholenationandnomatter5．kindofdisastercomes,wewillfighttogetherforthecountry’sfutureToday,manyyoungpeoplelose6．(faithful)intraditionalcultureandtheyarecrazy7．thewesterncultureTheyfollowthewesternfashion,8．(think)wearetheoldstyleButsomeday,they9．(realize)theyarewrong10．(abandon)traditionalculture請用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。OneSundaymorninginAugust,IwenttoalocalmusicfestivalIleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointmentlaterthatdayMyfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme1．thebusarrivedIgotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedanoldwomanwithshabbyclothessittingatthefrontShewaspretendingthatatigertoywasrealandtalkingtoitShe2．besolonelyBehindherwereotherpeopleto3．shewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyedIdidn'twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtoherbutIdidn'tlikeleavingheronherowneitherAfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebusIsatnexttothewomanandintroducedmyselfWehadan4．(amaze)conversationShegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofmywayhomeI'mgladImadethechoiceItmade5．ofusfeelgoodSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Asmilesays,“Ilikeyou.Youmakemehappy.”That'swhydogsmakesuchahit.Theyaresogladtoseeusthattheyalmostjumpoutoftheirskins.1、Ababy'ssmilehasthesameeffect.Haveyoueverbeeninadoctor'swaitingroomandlookedaroundatallthesadfaceswaitingimpatientlytobeseen?Thereweresixorsevenpatientswaitingwhenayoungwomancameinwithanine-month-oldbaby.Shesatdownnexttoagentlemanwhowasmorethanalittleimpatientaboutthelongwaitforservice.Thebabyjustlookedupathimwiththatgreatbigsmilethatissocharacteristicofbabies.2、Soonhestruckupaconversationwiththewomanaboutherbabyandhisgrand-childrenandthentheentirereceptionroomjoinedin,andtheboredomandtensionwerechangedintoapleasantandenjoyableexperience.3、TelephonecompaniesthroughouttheU.Shaveaprogramcalled“phonepowerwhichisofferedtoemployeeswhousethetelephoneforsellingtheirServicesorproducts.Inthisprogramtheysuggestthatyousmilewhentalkingonthephone.Your“smile”comesthroughinyourvoice.Youdon'tfeellikesmiling?4、Ifyouarelone,forceyourselftowhistleorhumatuneorsing.Actasifyouwerealreadyhappy,andthatwilltendtomakeyouhappy.Yoursmileisamessengerofyourgoodwill.5、Tosomeonewhohasseenadozenpeoplefrownorturntheirfacesaway,yoursmileislikethesunbreakingthroughtheclouds.Especiallywhenthatsomeoneisunderpressurefromhisbosses.hiscustomers,histeachersorparentsorchildren,asmilecanhelphimrealizethatallisnothopeless-thatthereisjoyintheworld.A．Hesmiledbackatthebaby.B．Well,forceyours