2022年山東省淄博市甫田中學(xué)高二英語期末試題含解析

2022年山東省淄博市甫田中學(xué)高二英語期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.ThesceneryonTaishanissoattractive,______itaverygoodplaceforpeopleintheworldalltheyearround.A.making

B.makes

C.made

D.tomake參考答案：A【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：臺山的風(fēng)景是如此吸引人，對于全世界的人來說，全年都是一個好地方。Make的邏輯主語是Thescenery，它們之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故選A。2.LittleTomhadhiseyesfixedon

seemedtobeamosquito,notnoticinghismotherwasstandingbesidehim.A.which

B.what

C.where

D.how參考答案：B考察連接詞.what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并且在從句中作主語、賓語，表語。句意：小湯姆把眼睛聚焦在看起來似乎是蚊子的東西上，而沒有注意到他的媽媽正站在他旁邊。3.

Onlywhenhewasrefusedbytheinterviewer________theimportanceofknowingEnglish.A.washefullyawareof

B.hewasfullyawareofC.wasfullyheawareof

D.hefullywasawareof參考答案：A4.--Washe_____whenhegotanA+intheEnglishexam?--Absolutely!Heevenwenttothecinemawithhisclassmatestocelebrateit.A.Oncloudnine

B.hotunderthecollarC.Downinthedumps

D.ascoolasacucumber參考答案：A【詳解】考查習(xí)慣用語。句意：——當(dāng)他在英語考試中得了A+時，他是不是非常高興？——當(dāng)然！他甚至和同學(xué)一起去看電影院慶祝。A.Oncloudnine樂不可支；B.hotunderthecollar憤怒的；C.Downinthedumps氣餒；D.ascoolasacucumber冷靜沉著。故選A。5.______thehonortospeakonthegraduationdayisagreatthrillforme.A.Beinggiven

B.Giving

C.Togive

D.Give參考答案：A6.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wemustlearnandadapt______orwe'llriskbecomingadinosaur.A.instantly

B.properly

C.constantly

D.deliberately參考答案：C7.TheGermanathlete,________severalattemptstobeattheworldrecordinhighjumping,decidedtohaveanothertry.A.tomake B.havingmade C.making D.made

參考答案：B8.AninvestigationisunderwayaftertwoexplosionsnearthefinishinglineoftheBostonMarathonleftthreepeopledeadandatleast140_____.A.injured

B.injuring

C.toinjure

D.havinginjured參考答案：A9.Tompretended________whentheteachercame.（

）

A．toread B．tobereadingC．tohaveread D．reading參考答案：B試題解析：pretendtodosth假裝在做某事，由于本句中有whentheteachercame，故此處要用假裝正在做某事。10.Sometimesweneedto__________ourweaknessesinordertolearnfromthemandgrowasaresult.A.expose

B.challenge

C.conclude

D.threat

參考答案：B11.Theinnerthoughtofthetwoyoungpersonsarerevealedinthebook,_________bothofthemfailtoexpress.A.where

B.when

C.what

D.which參考答案：D【詳解】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：這兩個年輕人的想法在書中得到了提示，但他們都沒有表達出來。此處為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為Theinnerthought，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作express的賓語，故D項正確。12.—OK.Isee.It’sfoolishofmetosliponsomedampleavesandscratchmyarms.

—Oh,_______.Iwasonlytryingtoadviseyoutobemorecautiousoutinthewild.A.Icouldn’tagreemore

B.youputyourmouthinyourfootC.it’smyprivilege

D.you’remissingthepoint參考答案：D13.----Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboardclearly.

----Why,youreyesneed_____.Perhapsyouneed______glasses.

A.examining;wearing

B.toexamine;wearing

C.tobeexamined;towear

D.examined;wearing參考答案：C略14.Ican’t_________theplanwillwork,butI’llgiveitatry.A.protest

B.requireC.guarantee

D.forbid參考答案：C【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我無法保證這個計劃會有效，但我會試一下的。A.protest抗議，反對；B.require要求；C.guarantee保證；D.forbid禁止；根據(jù)句意可知“guarantee保證”符合上下文語境，故選擇C項。15.－Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

－Onlyaboutfiveminutes.HenryandSimon________herewithme.

A.havewalked

B.werewalking

C.hadwalked

D.walked參考答案：D16.______acupuncturedeveloped,thesimple“bianstones”werereplacedfirstbystoneandpotteryneedles,and________bymetalneedles.A.As,

eventually

B.With,

eventually

C.With,

accidentally

D.As,

accidentally參考答案：A17.Thepassengerswereangryforthetrainbeing______withoutanoticeinadvance.A.calledin

B.calledupC.calledfor

D.calledoff參考答案：D【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：乘客們因事先未接到通知而被取消列車而生氣。calledin召集，召來；calledup打電話；calledfor要求，提倡，為叫喊；calledoff取消。分析句子可知選D項。二、新的題型18.

16

.Still,allflavorsarebasedonjustfourbasictastes:sweet,bitter,salty,andsour.Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami（aJapanesewordthatcanbetranslatedroughlyas"tasty"or"savory"）,butthistheoryremainscontroversial.

17

Howcansofewbasictastesgiverisetotheenormousnumberofflavorsweexperience?18Comparethistocolor1s.Thereareonlythreebasiccolor1s—yellow,red,andblue—butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions,thesethreebasiccolor1saresufficienttocreatethevastarrayofcolor1sthatweseeeveryday.Apartfrombeinginfluencedbydifferentcombinationsofthebasictastes,theexperienceoftasteisalsoenrichedbyothersensations,suchasodor(氣味)andtemperature.Thesefunctionstogetherproducewhatwerecognizeasuniquetastes.Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.

19

Forexample,cinnamontastesquitemildtopeoplewhocannotenjoyitsfragrantsmell.Thesameistrueofdrinks,likehotcoffeeortea,whichtastebestwhentheycanbesmelledandtasted.

20

Thereasonwhyhot,spicyfoodslikechilipeppersaretastyisthattheyaffectthelingualnociceptors.Nociceptorsaresmallareasonthesurfaceofthebodythathelpprotectusagainstinjury.Nociceptorsontheskinwarnusofpotentialdamagetothebody.Whenweareprickedwithaneedle,forexample,nociceptorsrepresentthatsensationaspain.Aspecialkindofnociceptorcalledalingualnociceptorisfoundonthetongueand,alongwiththeothersenses,helpsusenjoycertainfoods.A.Thesearebasictastesthatwearefamiliarwith.B.Thisispossiblebecausethebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.C.Eachfoodweeattastesdifferent,andthereareuntoldnumbersofdifferenttastes.D.Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemunattractivetopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.E.Whatcanalsocontributetothesensationoftasteisourabilitytofeelpain.F.Sothereareasmallnumberofbasictastesthataffectabignumberofflavors.G.Regardlessofwhethertherearefourorfivebasictastes,thenumberissmall.參考答案：16.C

17.G

18.B

19.D

20.E17.G根據(jù)橫線前句Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami，butthistheoryremainscontroversial.可知有些專家認為還有第五種味道，但是這一理論還存在爭議。但是無論基本的味道是四種還是五種，數(shù)量都不算多。故G項符合上下文串聯(lián)。18.B根據(jù)后半句Comparethistocolor1s.Thereareonlythreebasiccolor1s—yellow,red,andblue—butwhenmixedindifferentwaysandproportions.可知三種基本的顏色黃、紅、藍可以組合成不同的顏色。那么味道也是一樣的，四種基本味道可以組合成不同的味道。故B項“Thisispossiblebecausethebasictastescombineindifferentproportions.不同的味道也許是因為基本的味道以不同的比例組合在一起的”符合上下文串聯(lián)。19.D根據(jù)橫線前句Infact,whatweperceiveastasteofteninvolvessmellmorethanthetasteexperiencedthroughthetongue.實際上我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的味道通常涉及到通過舌頭體驗到的氣味。說明橫線句應(yīng)該與氣味有關(guān)，故D項“Thisiswhyfoodswithstrongtastesoftenseemunattractivetopeoplewho,duetoastuffynose,cannotsmellthem.”介紹的恰好是與氣味有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，符合上下文串聯(lián)。20.E根據(jù)橫線后句Thereasonwhyhot,spicyfoodslikechilipeppersaretastyisthattheyaffectthelingualnociceptors.中的辛辣食物會對我們的語言器官有傷害。說明味覺還和我們對于疼痛的感覺有關(guān)。故E項正確?！久麕燑c睛】

本文的問題設(shè)在段尾，解題的關(guān)鍵在于充分理解空前這一句：Somefoodexpertsarguethereisafifthbasictastecalledumami，butthistheoryremainscontroversial.可知有些專家認為還有第五種味道，但是這一理論還存在爭議。但是無論基本的味道是四種還是五種，數(shù)量都不算多。故G項符合上下文串聯(lián)。1.空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。

2.通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如therefore,

as

a

result,

thus,

hence,

in

short,

to

sum

up,

to

conclude,

in

a

word等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。

3.與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關(guān)系。

4.與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。

5.所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。

6.如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。

三、閱讀理解19.Oneday,“superchargedplants”mayhelpfeedpeoplearoundtheworld.Superchargedplantsareonesthatgrowfasterthannormalplantlife.Scientistscanspeedupthegrowthbymodifying,orchanging,thestructureofplants'genes.Themodificationsmakethemreactquicklytochangesinlight.Thisallhastodowithphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessinwhichplantsturnsunlight,carbondioxideandwaterintofood.Plantsgrowfastestinthesun.Thatiswhentheymakethemostfoodforthemselves.Buttheirrateofgrowthcanslowwhenthingslikecloudsortreesblocksunlight.Butwhenthesunreturns,itcantakemanyminutesforgrowthtospeedupagain.Thiscanbeaproblembecauseitmeanssomeofourmostimportantcropplantsarenotasproductiveastheycouldbe.Researcherssaydemandforfoodisexpectedtoincreaseupto70percentbythemiddleofthecentury.TheyalsonoterisingtemperaturesonEarth'ssurface.Thatiswhytheyarelookingforwaystoimprovephotosynthesisandmakeplantsmoreproductive.SteveLongisaplantbiologistattheUniversityofIllinois.Hewantedtofindawaytohelpplantsgetbackuptospeedquicklyafteraperiodofdarkness.Soheandhisteamaddedgenesthatshortenedtherecoverytime.Italsoincreasedthespeedatwhichtheplantsgrew.Hismodifiedplantsgrewupto20percentmorethanuntreatedones.InLong'sstudy,hisgroupusedaformofgeneticengineeringcalledtransgenics(轉(zhuǎn)基因).Itmeanstakinggenesfromoneplant,thenputtingthemintoanother.Nowtheyareexperimentingsoybeans,rice,cowpeasandcassavas.32.Whatistheadvantageofsuperchargedplants?A.Theycangrowmorequickly.B.Theycangrowinsevereconditions.C.Theycanofferhigh-qualitygrains.D.Theycanreplacenormalplants.33.Whatcanmakeplantgrowthslowdown?A.Toohotweather. B.Oldfarmingmethods.C.Lackofsunlight. D.Toomuchsun