Module 4 Section Ⅲ 　Grammar-復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)和by＋v.ing形式

SectionKIGrammar復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)和by+v.-ing形式「語境自主領(lǐng)悟1先視察原句后自主感悟①RiceisalsogrowninmanyotherAsiancountries.?ResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsystem.③Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.@InPakistanricewillbegrowninmanypartsofthecountry.@ThcnewhybridricehasbeendevelopedbytheYuanLongpingHigh-techAgriculturalCompanyofChina.?Theshopclosesat6：00pmeveryday.?Theappletastesgood.@Thenewproductbythecompanysellswell.⑨Openthedoorbywindingthehandle.(10)Peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands..①句接受了一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：am/is/are+done。.②③句接受了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成形式為：was/weci+done。.④⑤句分別用了一般將來時和現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。.⑥⑦⑧句中謂語動詞以主動形式表示被動意義。.⑨⑩句中，by+o.-ing形式表示通過 方式。［語法精要點撥］i.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)由“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+doneBeforeyouleavethelab,makesuretheelectricityisturnedoffandthewindowsareshut.在你離開試驗室之前，要確保電源被切斷，窗戶被關(guān)好。(2)一般過去時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were+doneTheforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.孩子們熱忱地歡迎外賓。(3)一般將來時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：shall/will+be+doneMorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中國人民在將來將進行更多的太空探究。(4)現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+doneTheyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseisbeingrebuilt.他們現(xiàn)在短暫和父母一起居住，因為他們自己的房子正在重建。(5)過去進行時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were+being+doneAfterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated.放學(xué)后，我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書，結(jié)果卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。(6)現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：has/havebeen+doneLiHuahasbeenelectedmonitorofourclasstotaketheplaceofMaLi.李華已取代馬麗，被選為我班班長。(7)過去完成時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：hadbeen+doneWhenwegotonthespotoftheaccident,weweretoldthattheinjuredhadbeensenttothenearesthospital.當(dāng)我們到達事故現(xiàn)場時，我們被告知傷員已經(jīng)被送往最近的醫(yī)院。(8)將來完成時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：win/shall+havebeen+doneOnhernextbirthday,Annwillhavebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.到下一次過生日的時候，安結(jié)婚就要滿二十年了。(9)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+bc+doneTheboyfeelshotontheforehead,sohemustbesenttohospitalatonce.這個男孩的額頭摸起來發(fā)熱，所以必需被馬上送往醫(yī)院。[即時訓(xùn)練I]用所給詞的被動語態(tài)填空①Moreefforts,asreported,willbemade(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructurereform.②一Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes,weweretreated(treat)wellbyourhosts.?Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenreached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：12112030】.運用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)留意的狀況(1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)(takeplace,breakout,cometrue,belongto?datefrom,happen等)。Afirebrokeoutinhishouseyesterday.昨天他家著火了。(2)含有介詞或副詞的及物動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不行省略(lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,putoff,breakinto等)。Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.孩子們在幼兒園里被照看得很好。(3)帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，一般把復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語變成主語，而把賓語補足語(在被動語態(tài)中叫作主語補足語)放在動詞之后。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.fTheclassroomisalwayskeptcleanandtidybyus.我們總是保持教室干凈而且整齊。［名師點津］see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make等感官動詞或使役動詞后作賓補的不定式不帶t。，但當(dāng)主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號t。必需加上。Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.fMywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.一個姑娘路過時看到我的錢包掉了。［即時訓(xùn)練2］完成句子①這種活動每四年在不同的國家實行一次。Thegametakesplaceeveryfouryearsinadifferentcountry.②我們在試驗室做了許多好玩的試驗。Manyinterestingexperimentsarecarriedoutinourlaboratory.③我們經(jīng)常聽到他彈吉他。Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.④那座古廟起源于明朝。TheoldtempledatesfromtheMingDynasty..主動形式表示被動意義的用法(1)某些連系動詞，如look,sound,smell,feeLtaste,prove等，可用主動形式表示被動意義，因為連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態(tài)形式。Thatdoglooksdangerous.那只狗看起來很緊急。(2)某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”的及物動詞，如:lock,shut,open,move,read,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw,cut,drink,eat等常用主動形式表示被動意義。這些詞后常有副詞修飾，如well,easily等。Theclothwasheswellandiscomfortabletowear.這種布很簡潔洗而旦穿起來很舒適。(3)need,require,want,deserve等詞，當(dāng)主語為物時，接動名詞的主動形式，表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。Theflowersneedwateringortheywilldie.=Theflowersneedtobewateredortheywilldie.這些花須要澆水，否則它們會死。(4)形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.這本圖畫書很值得一讀。(5)在“主語+bc+形容詞(+forsb.)+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語與構(gòu)成不定式的動詞存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。常見的形容詞有：easy,hard,difficult,important,interesting,strange,impossible,comfortable,dangerous等。Thisarticleisdifficulttoread.Ineedsomeonetoexplainittome.這篇文章很難讀懂。我須要一個人給我說明一下。(6)不定式作定語修飾名詞，與前面的名詞有動賓關(guān)系，且句中有不定式的邏輯主語時，用動詞不定式主動形式表示被動意義。Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisafternoon.今日下午我有許多的家庭作業(yè)要做。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.請給我些東西吃。(7)某些動詞不定式如toblame,tolet等，作表語時用主動形式表示被動意義。Theboywastoblameforwhathehaddone.這個男孩為他的所作所為受到了指責(zé)(指責(zé))。［即時訓(xùn)練3］用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①AMidsummerNight'sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.②Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedrepairing(repair).③Thestoneisheavyfortheboytolift(lift)..by+也?ing形式(l)by+u.?ing形式，表示以某種方式來達到某種目的Hepassedtheexambyworkinghard.通過努力學(xué)習(xí)，他通過了考試。(2)by表示“方式”的其他用法①by+交通工具，如：bycar/bus/bike/plane等。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.我每天騎自行車去上學(xué)。②by+the+具體的時間或度量名詞,如bytheday/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen(按打)等。Heispaidbythehour.他按小時得到酬勞。［即時訓(xùn)練4］用bydoing形式改寫下列句子①Youcanreachthereifyoutakeabus.fYoucanreachtherebytakingabus.?Studentslearnthingswhentheydoexercisesafterschool.-*Studentslearnthingsbydoingexercisesafterschool.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：12112031】［語法應(yīng)用落實］.單句語法填空Hehopedthathewouldbegiven(give)amoresuitablejob.Havingbeentrapped(trap)intheminefortwodays,theminersfinallywererescued.Everyonedislikesbeingmade(make)funofbyothers.Don'tloseheart!Theproblemcanbeprevented(prevent)fromgettingworse.AboutthirtyvolunteerswillhavebeenselectedtotheMarsthroughouttheworldby2023.Shakespeare'splayHamlethasbeenmade(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.—Sowhatistheprocedure?一Alltheapplicantsareinterviewed(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwillb