劍11聽力test3文本資料

劍11聽力test3文本

Section1

Goodmorning.ThisisBurnhamtouristoffice,Martinspeaking.

Oh,hello.Isawaposteraboutfreethingstodointhearea,

anditsaidpeopleshouldphoneyouforinformation.

I'mcomingtoBurnhamwithmyhusbandandtwochildrenforafewdaysonJune27th,orpossibly28th,

andI'dlikesomeideasforthingstodoon29th.

Yes,ofcourse.OK.Thenlet'sstartwithacoupleofeventsespeciallyforchildren.

Theartgalleryisholdinganeventcalled'FamilyWelcome'thatday,

whenthereareactivitiesandtrailstousethroughoutthegallery.

Thatsoundsinteresting.Whattimedoesitstart?

Thegalleryopensat10,andthe'FamilyWelcome'eventrunsfrom10.30until2o'clock.

Thegallerystaysopenuntil5.

Andseveraltimesduringtheday,they'regoingtoshowashortfilmthatthegalleryhasproduced.

Itdemonstrateshowceramicsaremade,andthere'llbeequipmentandmaterialsforchildrentohaveagothemselves.

Lasttimetheyrantheevent,therewasafilmaboutpainting,

whichwentdownverywellwiththechildren,andthey'renowworkingononeaboutsculpture.

Ilikethesoundofthat.AndwhatothereventshappeninBurnham?

Well,doyouallenjoylisteningtomusic?-Oh,yes.

Well,thereareseveralfreeconcertstakingplaceatdifferenttimes

oneortwointhemorning,themajorityatlunchtime,andacoupleintheevening.

AndtheyrangefrompopmusictoLatinAmerican.

TheLatinAmericancouldbefun.Whattimeisthat?

It'sbeingrepeatedseveraltimes,indifferentplaces.

They'reperforminginthecentrallibraryat1o'clock,thenat4it'sintheCityMuseum,

andintheevening,at7.30,there'salongerconcert,inthetheatre.

Right.I'llsuggestthattotherestofthefamily.

Somethingelseyoumightbeinterestedinistheboatracealongtheriver.

Oh,yes,dotellmeaboutthat.

TheracestartsatOffordMarina,tothenorthofBurnham,andgoesasfarasSummerPool.

ThebestplacetowatchitfromisCharlesworthBridge,thoughthatdoesgetrathercrowded.

Andwho'stakingpart?

Well,localboatclubs,butthestandardisveryhigh.

OneofthemcamefirstintheWestofEnglandregionalchampionshipinMaythisyear

itwasthefirsttimeateamfromBurnhamhaswon.

Itmeansthatnextyearthey'llberepresentingtheregioninthenationalchampionship.

NowI'veheardsomethingaboutPaxtonNatureReserve.

It'sagoodplaceforspottingunusualbirds,isn'tit'?

That'sright—throughouttheyear.

Thereisalakethereaswellasariver,andtheyprovideaveryattractivehabitat.

Soit'sagoodideatobringbinocularsifyouhavethem.

Andjustatthemomentyoucanseevariousflowersthatareprettyunusual

thesoilatPaxtonisn'tverycommon.They'relookinggoodrightnow.

Right.Myhusbandwillbeparticularlyinterestedinthat.

Andthere'sgoingtobeatalkandslideshowaboutmushrooms

andyou'llbeabletogooutandpicksomeafterwardsandstudythedifferentvarieties.

Uhuh.Andisitpossibleforchildrentoswimintheriver?

Yes.Partofithasbeenfencedofftomakeitsafeforchildrentoswimin.

It'sveryshallow,andthere'salifeguardondutywheneverit'sopen.

Thelakeistoodeep,soswimmingisn'tallowedthere.

OK,wemustremembertobringtheirswimmingthings,incasewegotoPaxton.

HowlongdoesittaketogettherebycarfromBurnham?

About20minutes,butparkingisverylimited,

soit'susuallymucheasiertogobybus—andittakesaboutthesametime.

Right.Well,I'lldiscusstheoptionswiththerestofthefamily.Thanksverymuchforallyourhelp.

You'rewelcome.

Goodbye.

Wewouldliketoenlargethebuildinginthenot-too-distantfuture,butthisisbynomeansdefinite.

There'snolimitonaccesstothenaturereserveontheedgeoftown,andthiswillcontinuetobethecase.

Whatwillchange,though,isthatthecouncilwillnolongerbeinchargeofthearea.

Insteaditwillbecometheresponsibilityofanationalbodythatadministersmostnaturereservesinthecountry.

OK,nowletmeaskyou...

Section3

Hello,

Helen.

Sorry

I'm

late.

Hi,

Jeremy,

no

problem.

Well

we'd

better

work

outwhere

we

are

on

our

project,

I

suppose.

Yeah.

I've

looked

at

the

drawings

you've

done

for

mystory,

'The

Forest',

and

I

think

they're

brilliant

—

they

really

createthe

atmosphere

I

had

in

mind

when

I

was

writing

it.

I'm

glad

you

like

them.

There

are

just

a

few

suggestions

I'd

like

to

make.

Go

ahead.

Now,

I'm

not

sure

about

the

drawing

of

the

cave

—it's

got

trees

all

around

it,

which

is

great,

but

the

drawing's

a

bit

too

static,

isn't

it?

I

think

it

needs

some

action.

Yes,

there's

nothing

happening.

Perhaps

I

should

add

the

boy

—

Malcolm,

isn't

it?

He

would

be

walking

up

to

it.

Yes,

let's

have

Malcolm

in

the

drawing.

And

what

about

putting

in

a

tiger—the

one

that

he

makes

friends

with

a

bit

later?

Maybe

it

could

be

sitting

under

a

tree

washing

itself.

And

the

tiger

stops

in

the

middle

of

what

it's

doing

when

it

sees

Malcolm

walking

past.

That's

a

good

idea.

OK,

I'll

have

a

go

at

that.

Then

there's

the

drawing

of

the

crowd

of

men

and

women

dancing.

They're

just

outside

the

forest,

and

there's

a

lot

going

on.

That's

right,

you

wanted

them

to

be

watching

a

carnival

procession,

but

I

thought

it

would

betoo

crowded.

Do

you

think

it

works

like

this?

Yes,

I

like

what

you've

done.

The

only

thing

is,

could

you

add

Malcolm

to

it,

without

changing

what's

already

there.

What

about

having

him

sitting

on

the

tree

trunk

on

the

right

of

the

picture?

Yes,

that

would

be

fine.

And

do

you

want

him

watching

the

other

people?

No,

he's

been

left

out

of

all

the

fun,

so

I'd

like

him

to

be

crying

that'll

contrast

nicely

with

the

next

picture,

where

he's

laughing

at

the

clowns

in

thecarnival.

Right,

I'll

do

that.

And

then

the

drawing

of

the

people

ice

skating

in

the

forest.

I

wasn't

too

happy

with

that

one.

Because

they're

supposed

to

be

skating

on

grass,

aren't

they?

That's

right,

and

it's

frozen

over.

At

the

moment

it

doesn't

look

quite

right.

Mm,

I

see

what

you

mean.

I'll

have

another

go

at

that.

And

I

like

the

wool

hats

they're

wearing.

Maybe

you

could

give

each

of

them

a

scarf

as

well.

Yeah,

that's

easy

enough.

They

can

be

streaming

out

behind

the

people

to

suggest

they're

skating

really

fast.

Mm,

great.

Well

that's

all

on

the

drawings.

Right.

So

you've

finished

writing

your

story

and

I

just

need

to

finish

illustrating

it,

and

my

story

and

your

drawings

are

done.

Sothenextthingistodecidewhatexactlyweneedtowriteaboutinthereportthatgoeswiththestories,andhowwe'regoingtodividethework.

Right,Helen.

Whatdoyouthinkaboutincludingasectiononhowweplannedtheprojectasawhole,Jeremy?

That'sprobablyquiteimportant.

Yeah.Well,you'vehadmostofthegoodideassofar.

Howdoyoufeelaboutdraftingsomething,thenwecangothroughittogetheranddiscussit?

OK,thatseemsreasonable.

AndIcouldincludesomethingonhowwecameupwiththeideasforourtwostories,couldn'tI?

WeIII'vestartedwritingsomethingaboutthatsowhydon'tyoudothesameandwecanincludethetwothings.

Right.Sowhataboutourinterpretationofthestories?

Doweneedtowriteaboutwhatwethinktheyshow,

likethevalueofhelpingotherpeople,allthatsortofthing?

That'sgonnacomeuplaterisn'tit?

Ithinkeveryoneintheclassisgoingtoreadeachother'sstories

andcomeupwiththeirowninterpretationswhichwe'regoingtodiscuss.

Oh,Imissedthat.

Soitisn'tgoingtobepartofthereportatall?

No.Butweneedtowriteabouttheillustrations,

becausethey'reanessentialelementofchildren'sexperienceofreadingthestories.

It'sprobablyeasiestforyoutowritethatsection,asyouknowmoreaboutdrawingthanIdo.

Maybe,butIfinditquitehardtowriteabout.

I'dbehappierifyoudidit.

OK.Sowhendoyouthink...

Section4

SowhatI'mgoingtotalkabouttoyoutodayissomethingcalledEthnography.

Thisisatypeofresearchaimedatexploringthewayhumancultureswork.

Itwasfirstdevelopedforuseinanthropology,andit'salsobeenusedinsociologyandcommunicationstudies.

Sowhat'sitgottodowithbusiness,youmayask.

Well,businessesarefindingthatethnographycanofferthemdeeperinsightintothepossibleneedsofcustomerseitherpresentorfuture

aswellasprovidingvaluableinformationabouttheirattitudestowardsexistingproducts.

Andethnographycanalsohelpcompaniestodesignnewproductsorservicesthatcustomersreallywant.

Let'slookatsomeexamplesofhowethnographicresearchworksinbusiness.

Oneteamofresearchersdidaprojectforacompanymanufacturingkitchenequipment.

Theywatchedhowcooksusedmeasuringcupstomeasureoutthingslikesugarandflour.

Theysawthatthecookshadtocheckandrecheckthecontents,

becausealthoughthemeasuringcupshadnumbersinsidethemthecookscouldn'tseetheseeasily.

Soanewdesignofcupwasdevelopedtoovercomethisproblem,anditwasatopseller.

AnotherteamofethnographicresearcherslookedathowcellphoneswereusedinUganda,inAfrica.

Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodidn'thavetheirownphonescouldpaytousethephonesoflocalentrepreneurs.

Becausethesecustomerspaidinadvancefortheircalls,theywereeagertoknowhowmuchtimethey'dspentonthecallsofar.

Sothephonecompanydesignedphonesforusegloballywiththisaddedfeature.

Ethnographicresearchhasalsobeencarriedoutincomputercompanies.

Inonecompany,ITsystemsadministratorswereobservedforseveralweeks.

Itwasfoundthatalargeamountoftheirworkinvolvedcommunicatingwithcolleaguesinordertosolveproblems,

butthattheydidn'thaveastandardwayofexchanginginformationfromspreadsheetsandsoon.

Sotheteamcameupwithanideaforsoftwarethatwouldhelpthemtodothis.

Inanotherpieceofresearch,ateamobservedandtalkedtonursesworkinginhospitals.

Thisledtotherecognitionthatthenursesneededtoaccessthecomputerrecordsoftheirpatientsnomatterwheretheywere.

Thisledtothedevelopmentofaportablecomputertabletthatallowedthenursestocheckrecordsinlocationsthroughoutthehospital.

Occasionally,researchcanbedoneeveninenvironmentswheretheresearcherscan'tbepresent.

Forexample,inoneprojectdoneforanairline,

respondentsusedtheirsmartphonestorecordinformationduringairlinetripsinastudyaimingattrackingtheemotionsofpassengersduringaflight.

Sowhatmakesstudieslikethesedifferentfromordinaryresearch?

Let'slookatsomeofthegeneralprinciplesbehindethnographicresearchinbusiness.

Firstofall,theresearcherhastobecompletelyopen-minded

heorshehasn'tthoughtupahypothesistobetested,asisthecaseinothertypesofresearch.

Insteadtheywaitfortheparticipantsintheresearchtoinformthem.

Asfaraschoosingtheparticipantsthemselvesisconcerned,that'snotreallyallthatdifferentfromordinaryresearch

thecriteriaaccordingtowhichtheparticipantsarechosenmaybesomethingassimpleastheagebrackettheyfallinto,

ortheresearchersmayselectthemaccordingtotheirincome,

ortheymighttrytofindasetofpeoplewhoalluseaparticularproduct,forexample.

Butit'sabsolutelycrucialtorecruittherightpeopleasparticipants.

AswellasthecriteriaI'vementioned,theyhavetobecomfortabletalkingaboutthemselvesandbeingwatchedastheygoabouttheiractivities.

Actually,mostresearcherssaythatpeopleopenupprettyeasily,maybebecausethey'r