新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語（第三版）綜合教程3（智慧版）課件 Unit6 Path to prosperity

Aftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeabletodescribethemultipledimensionsofpovertyandexplainwhyweshouldalleviateitintroducestrategiesforpovertyalleviationgiveatalkonthebattleagainstpovertyandanswerlisteners’questionsLearningobjectivesPathtoprosperityYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionUNIT6

ScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopActivereadingFurtherexplorationAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationText:GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertyMeetingpovertyhead-onSelf-reflectionSpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationUnitmapActivereadingMeetingpovertyhead-onFurtherexplorationText:

GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveScenario1Tryitout2Self-assessment3Self-reflectionAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertySpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationDoyouthinkpovertyisaglobalissuethatmustbetackledasamatterofurgency?ScenarioScenarioYouareacollegestudentdoingasummerinternshipinavillage.Thevillageusedtobepoor,butnowithasshakenoffabsolutepoverty.ThevillageisexpectingagroupofinternationalvisitorswhoareinterestedinlearningaboutpovertyalleviationmeasuresinChina.Thevisitorswillparticipateinaregularworkshoponpovertyalleviationheldbythevillage.ScenarioYouwillhelpgiveanintroductorytalkatthebeginningoftheworkshop.YouneedtotalkaboutthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpoverty,andanswervisitors’questionseffectively.ScenarioAworkshoponpovertyalleviationheldbyaChinesevillageThesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpovertyTopicSettingThescenariointhisunitcanbeanalyzedfromthefollowingaspects:ScenarioIdentitySpeaker–InternsAudience–InternationalvisitorsToexplainthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationinthesustainabledevelopmentofhumankind,informtheaudienceaboutChina’ssolutionstotheissue,andinvitethemtoaskquestionsPurposeTryitoutYouwillgiveanintroductorytalkatthebeginningoftheworkshop.YouneedtotalkaboutthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpoverty,andanswervisitors’questionseffectively.Whatdifficultiesdidyouexperiencewhiledoingthetask?ListtwoorthreemajoronesinEnglishorChineseinthefollowingtable.Self-assessmentContentExplainingthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationIntroducingChina’spovertyalleviationmeasuresandachievementsLanguage

Vocabulary/Sentence/StyleStructureOrganizingmytalkinaclearandlogicalwayCommunicationHandlinglisteners’questionseffectivelyAspectsDifficultiesSelf-assessmentActivereadingMeetingpovertyhead-onFurtherexplorationText:

GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveSelf-reflectionAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertySpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationOverview1Readingindetail2Gettingtheidea3Analyzingwritingtechniques4Buildingyourlanguage5Sharingyourideas6ScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopOverviewInthispart,youwill12Readabouttheglobalproblemofpoverty,itssignificance,anditscurrentstatusworldwideLearntouseauthoritativesourcesinwritingtoimprovecredibilityLearntotalkaboutthesignificanceofalleviatingandultimatelyeliminatingpoverty3BeforeyoureadTherearemanywaystoidentifypoverty.Readthefollowingfactorsandcheck(?)theonesthatyouthinkshouldbeconsideredformeasuringpoverty.ReadingindetailBeforeyoureadReadingindetailNutritionChildmortalityYearsofschoolingSchoolattendanceCookingfuelSanitationDrinkingwaterElectricityHousingAssetsReadingindetailAllthetenindicatorsshouldbeincludedbecauseeachofthemconcernstheverybasicneedsoflifeinmoderntimes.However,theseneedsmightenjoydifferentordersofpriority.Forexample,giventhatlifeisthemostimportantissue,nutritionandchildmortalityshouldbeatthetopofthelist,andassetsareslightlylessessentialthansanitationanddrinkingwater.BeforeyoureadReferenceanswersTextReadingindetailPovertyisalong-existingproblemaroundtheglobe,andnegativelyaffectspeople’swell-beinginmanyways.Manycountriesarefightingacriticalbattleagainstpoverty.Toalleviateandeventuallyeliminatepoverty,weneedtounderstandwhatpovertymeans,whatformsittakes,andhowitcanbeaddressed.Readthetextandfindouttheanswers.TextReadingindetailMeetingpovertyhead-on1

“Thebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain;andwhentheyhadperformedthisoperation,theywouldsitstaringatthecopper,withsucheagereyes,asiftheycouldhavedevouredtheverybricksofwhichitwascomposed.”Thisisascenefroma19th-centuryorphanageinthenovelOliverTwistbyCharlesDickens.TextReadingindetailThevividdescriptionportrayswellthetragiclivingconditionsofchildrenstrickenbypovertyinthepast.Wetendtoacceptsceneslikethismorenaturallybecausetheyarefromanagewhenpeopledependedonthehorseandcarriagetogetaround,andthesteamenginewasstillacutting-edgetechnology.TextReadingindetailHowever,almost200yearslater,despitesocialdevelopmentandtheexistenceoftechnologieslikeartificialintelligenceandmannedspacecraft,povertystillremainsawidespreadproblem,aspovertyalleviationdemandsfarmoreeffortthanimagined.TextReadingindetail2Today,accordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),1.2billionpeoplestillliveinacutemultidimensionalpoverty,andabouthalfofthesepeoplearechildrenandadolescentsunder18.Theproblemisrelatedtomanyotherissuesaffectinghumanwell-being.Thisiswhy“endingpovertyinallitsformseverywhere”tops

the2030Agenda

forSustainableDevelopment.Thatistosay,tobuildamorejustfutureforhumanity,tacklingpovertyisanessentialstartingpoint.TextReadingindetail3Beforefiguringoutthesolution,letusfirstdefinetheconceptofpovertyandmaptherealityonaglobalscale.TheUNhascreatedtheglobalMultidimensionalPovertyIndex(MPI),whichaimstoassessashortageofresourcesusing10indicatorsinthreedimensions:health,education,andstandardofliving.Thethreedimensionsareequallyweighted,sothateachofthemreceivesa1/3weight.TextReadingindetailAllindicatorsarealsoequallyweightedwithineachdimension.Forhealth,nutritionandchildmortalityarethemajorconsiderations,andeachofthemreceivesa1/6weight.Foreducation,yearsofschoolingandschoolattendancearemeasured,andeachofthemreceivesa1/6weight.Forstandardofliving,thefactorsforassessmentarecookingfuel,sanitation,drinkingwater,electricity,housing,andassets,andeachofthemreceivesa1/18weight.TextReadingindetailInotherwords,multidimensionalpovertyisnotsimplyaboutlivingonlowincomes,butaboutbeingunabletohavewhatareconsideredthebasicnecessitiesoflife.Aperson’sdeprivationscoreisthesumoftheweighteddeprivationstheyexperience.TheglobalMPIidentifiespeopleasmultidimensionallypooriftheirdeprivationscoreis1/3(33.3percent)orhigher.TextReadingindetail4Alookatanindividualcasemayhelpusbetterunderstandtheissue.Nyawala,52,isarefugeewhofledacrisisinsouthernSudanandcametoliveinacampinnorthernUganda.Sheandhernine-yearoldgranddaughternowliveinhousingwithadirtfloor,twobeds,asolarlamp,andapoweroutletchargedbyalow-costsolarpanel.Everyday,thewomenatthesettlementwalk15minutestoacommonboreholewelltofetchwater.TextReadingindetailToiletsaresharedwitheightotherfamilies.Forcooking,theyusefirewood.Althoughtheyaresometimesfoodinsecure,theyarenotdeprivedofnutrition.Nyawalaandhergranddaughterhavefewbelongings,buttheyareproudtohaveacellphoneandasolarlamp.Theyounggirlhasmissedseveralyearsofschoolbecauseofthecrisis.Nyawalahopestoenrollherinaprimaryschoolsoon,soshecancatchupandachievethelevelofeducationthatNyawalawasnotabletocomplete.TextReadingindetailBasedontheconditionsabove,Nyawalaandhergranddaughterareconsideredmultidimensionallypoorbecausetheyaredeprivedinsevenofthe10indicators,whichinthiscasetranslatesintoadeprivationscoreof61.1percent.TextReadingindetail5Basedonanunderstandingofthemultipledimensionsofpoverty,developmentprojectsallovertheworldaimtohelpthepoorinmanydifferentways.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,withaccesstoaffordableinterventionsinhealthandsanitation,childmortalityinunder-fivesworldwidehasbeenreduceddramatically,from12.6milliondeathsperyearto5millionperyearinthe30yearsfrom1990to2020.TextReadingindetailAsforschoolattendance,compulsoryeducationlawsplayanimportantroleinvariouscountries.Suchpoliciesservetominimizedifferencesineducationbetweencitiesandruralareas,reducethenumberofchildrenwhodropoutofschoolduetoeconomicpressures,andimprovethegenerallevelofeducationinapopulation.TextReadingindetailRegardinghousing,whichhasasignificantinfluenceonaperson’sstandardofliving,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.Resettledinnewhomes,theyoftengetbetteraccesstonecessitiessuchasrunningwater,flushtoilets,andmanyotherfacilities.TextReadingindetail6Despitethesuccessofthestrategiesmentionedabove,theissueofpovertycanbefurthercomplicatedbyclimatechange,worldevents,andissuesrelatingtoraceandgender.Theglobalcommunityunderstandsthatforittobesuccessful,thefightagainstpovertymustbeintegratedwithstrategiesthatbuildeconomicgrowthandaddresssocialneeds.

TextReadingindetailIttakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts.Thisisnoeasytask,butitisacausethatwe,withtheaimofbuildingahumancommunitywithasharedfuture,needtofightfor.head-on:ad.ifsb.dealswithaproblemhead-on,theydonottrytoavoidit,butdealwithitinadirectanddeterminedway面對面地；毫不回避地（應(yīng)對問題）例：Wehavedevelopednewpolicieswhichaddresstheissuehead-on.譯：我們已經(jīng)制定了新的政策來正面解決這個問題。vExpressionswith“head-on”include“tackleaproblemhead-on,”“meet(orface)somethinghead-on,”etc.Forexample:Despitethecomplexityofthesituation,theteamdecidedtotackletheproblemhead-on,demonstratingtheircommitmentanddetermination.Whenthecompanyfacedunprecedentedfinancialdifficulties,theCEOchosetomeetthechallengehead-on,implementingrigorouscost-cuttingmeasureswhileseekingnewgrowthopportunities.NotesThebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain…(Para.1)vTherewasnoneedtowashthebowls.Theboysweresohungrythattheywouldfinisheverybitoffood,andthereforethebowlswouldlookverycleanandshiny…MeaningvBackgroundinformationCharlesDickens(1812–1870)CharlesDickenswasanEnglishnovelist,generallyconsideredthegreatestoftheVictorianera.HismanyvolumesincludesuchworksasOliverTwist,AChristmasCarol,DavidCopperfield,BleakHouse,ATaleofTwoCities,GreatExpectations,andOurMutualFriend.Dickensenjoyedawiderpopularityduringhislifetimethananypreviousauthor.…,aspovertyalleviationdemandsfarmoreeffortthanimagined.(Para.1)vIttakesmoreeffortthanwemighthaveimaginedtoreducepoverty.MeaningvBackgroundinformationThe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentOfficiallyknownastheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)orGlobalGoals,the2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentisacollectionof17interlinkedobjectivesdesignedtoserveasa“sharedblueprintforpeaceandprosperityforpeopleandtheplanetnowandintothefuture.”vBackgroundinformationTheSDGsemphasizetheinterconnectedenvironmental,social,andeconomicaspectsofdevelopmentbyputtingsustainabilityattheircenter.TheSDGswereformulatedin2015bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly(UNGA).Mosttargetsaretobeachievedby2030.toptheagenda/list/chart,etc.:comefirstinalistorinanorderofthings在議程、名單、列表等上面排第一位例：Theurgentmatterofcost-cuttinghastoppedtheagenda,promptingthemanagementtobrainstorminnovativewaystostreamlineexpenses.譯：當(dāng)務(wù)之急是削減成本，這促使管理層集思廣益，想出新辦法來精簡開支。例：Therehavebeenleaderspushingtomakehealthcareamorejustspace.just:a.morallyrightandfair公正的；正義的譯：一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人努力讓醫(yī)療保健更加公正。vSynonymsfor“humanity”include“mankind,”“humankind,”“thehumanrace,”etc.Notes例：It’snownecessarytomapthefuturewithflexibilityandforesight.map:vt.discoverorshowinformationaboutsth.,esp.aboutitsshapeorarrangement,orhowitmovesorworks描述；呈現(xiàn)譯：現(xiàn)在有必要以靈活性和遠(yuǎn)見來規(guī)劃未來。例：Thevirusledtoanappallinghighinfantmortality.mortality:n.[U](also~rate)thenumberofdeathsduringaparticularperiodoftimeamongaparticulartypeorgroupofpeople死亡數(shù)；死亡率譯：這種病毒導(dǎo)致嬰兒死亡率高得驚人。vTheadjectiveformof“mortality”is“mortal,”whichmeans“notabletoliveforever.”Theantonymof“mortal”is“immortal,”meaning“l(fā)ivingorcontinuingforever.”Notes例：Researchhasshownthatsleepdeprivationcanresultinmentaldisorders.deprivation:n.[C,usu.pl.,U]thelackofsth.thatyouneedinordertobehealthy,comfortable,orhappy缺少；匱乏；貧困譯：研究表明，睡眠不足會引發(fā)精神障礙。vWordsthatcollocatewith“deprivation”oftenreflectthenecessaryaspectsoflifethatsomeonemightbelackingordenied.Forexample,“sleepdeprivation,”“nutrientdeprivation,”“deprivationofrights,”and“economicdeprivation.”Notes例：Manyfamiliesinthepoverty-strickenregionarefoodinsecure,strugglingtoaccessandaffordadequatenutritiousfood.insecure:1)a.capableofbeinglostortakenfromyouatanytime無保障的；不可靠的；不穩(wěn)定的譯：貧困地區(qū)的許多家庭糧食沒有保障，難以獲得和負(fù)擔(dān)足夠的營養(yǎng)食品。例：Despitethesuccesshisbusinesswasexperiencing,Johnfeltinsecureaboutitsfuture,knowingthatitcouldpotentiallybelostintheever-changingmarkettrends.insecure:2)a.notconfidentaboutyourself無把握的；不自信的譯：盡管約翰的生意取得了成功，但他知道有可能會在不斷變化的市場趨勢中迷失方向，因而他對生意的未來有不安全感。vThenounformof“insecure”is“insecurity.”Adjectivesthatoftengobefore“insecurity”are“deep,”“great,”“growing,”“increased,”“general,”“financial,”etc.Theprepositionoftenusedbefore“insecurity”is“about”.Thewordisalsooftenusedinphrases,e.g.“afeeling/senseofinsecurity.”Notes...,withaccesstoaffordableinterventionsinhealthandsanitation,childmortalityinunder-fivesworldwidehasbeenreduceddramatically,...(Para.5)vThankstothepracticalmeasures,whicharenottoocostly,toimprovehealthandsanitationconditions,theglobalchildmortalityrateforchildrenundertheageoffivehasgreatlydecreased.Meaning

例：Accordingtothedoctors,surgicalinterventionsareneededinthistypeofemergency.intervention:n.[C,U]theactofbecominginvolvedinanargument,fight,orotherdifficultsituationinordertochangewhathappens干涉；干預(yù)；介入（某種困難處境）譯：據(jù)醫(yī)生說，在這種緊急情況下需要手術(shù)干預(yù)?！?relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.(Para.5)vMovingpeoplewhoarelivinginextremepovertyawayfromareasthatarenotconducivetohumanlife(forinstance,areaswithharshclimates,foodscarcity,ordeficientbasicservicessuchaswater,healthcare,andeducation)couldimprovetheirlivingconditionsandoverallwell-being.Meaning例：TheSaharaisoneoftheworld’smostinhospitableregions.inhospitable:a.aninhospitableplaceisunpleasantordifficulttovisitorlivein不適宜居住的；荒涼的譯：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最荒涼的地區(qū)之一。vNotesTheantonymoftheword“inhospitable”is“hospitable”,whichisusedtodescribeanenvironmentinwhichthingscangrow.Forexample:Thecoastaltown’shospitableclimateandwelcomingcommunitymakeitanidealplacetoretire.Theword“hospitable”alsomeans“friendly,welcoming,andgeneroustovisitors.”Forexample:ThehotelisrunbyahospitablecouplewhoarefromSichuan.…thefightagainstpovertymustbeintegratedwithstrategiesthatbuildeconomicgrowthandaddresssocialneeds.(Para.6)vEffortstocombatpovertyshouldbecombinedwithapproachesthatfostereconomicdevelopmentandmeetsocietalrequirements.Societyshouldnotonlyfocusonhelpingthepoorfinanciallyintheshort-termbutalsocreatelong-termsolutionssuchasjobopportunities,education,healthcare,etc.,thatwouldnourisheconomicprosperityandsocialwelfare,whichcansustainablyliftpeopleoutofpoverty.Meaning

Thisisnoeasytask,butitisacausethatwe,withtheaimofbuildingahumancommunitywithasharedfuture,needtofightfor.(Para.6)vThegoalofalleviatingpoverty,promotingeconomicgrowth,andaddressingsocialneedsisdifficulttoachieve,butit’sanimportantendeavorwemustundertakeinordertobuildashared,inclusive,andprosperousfuturefortheentirehumancommunity.MeaningvInthissentence,“Thisisnoeasytask”isacommonwayofexpressingthatsomethingisdifficultorchallenging.Forexample:Implementingsolutionsforclimatechangeisnoeasytask,butit’sacrucialresponsibilityweowetofuturegenerations.Notes1

“這些碗從來不用洗。孩子們用湯匙把它們刮得閃閃發(fā)亮；刮完碗，他們?nèi)宰谀抢?，眼巴巴地盯著那口銅鍋，恨不得把砌鍋灶的磚頭也吞下去?！边@是查爾斯·狄更斯的小說《霧都孤兒》中，19世紀(jì)一所孤兒院里的情景。直面全球貧困問題這段文字生動地描述了舊時代貧困兒童的悲慘生活。這樣的場景比較符合我們的心理預(yù)期，因為它來自一個人們依靠馬和馬車出行的時代，那時蒸汽機仍是一種尖端技術(shù)。然而，差不多過去了200年，盡管社會不斷發(fā)展，人類已經(jīng)擁有了人工智能和載人航天等技術(shù)，但貧困仍然是一個普遍存在的問題，因為扶貧所需要的努力遠(yuǎn)超普通人的想象。2目前，根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的數(shù)據(jù)，全球仍有12億人生活在嚴(yán)重的、不同形式的貧困中，其中大約一半是兒童及18歲以下的青少年。這個問題與影響人類福祉的許多其他問題相關(guān)。這就是為什么在聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程中，“終止全世界一切形式的貧困”被列為首要任務(wù)。也就是說，想要為人類建立一個更公正的未來，解決貧困問題是首要的出發(fā)點。3在找到解決方案之前，讓我們首先定義貧困的概念，并描繪全球范圍內(nèi)的貧困現(xiàn)狀。聯(lián)合國創(chuàng)建了全球多維貧困指數(shù)（MPI），旨在通過健康、教育和生活水平三個維度的10個指標(biāo)來評估資源的短缺情況。這三個維度的權(quán)重相同，因此每個維度的權(quán)重為1/3。在每個維度中，所有指標(biāo)的權(quán)重也是相等的。在健康方面，營養(yǎng)和兒童死亡率是主要的考慮因素，每個因素的權(quán)重為1/6。在教育方面，受教育年數(shù)和入學(xué)率作為衡量指標(biāo)各獲得1/6的權(quán)重。對于生活水平，評估的因素為烹飪?nèi)剂稀⑿l(wèi)生設(shè)施、飲用水、電力、住房和資產(chǎn)，每一項均得到1/18的權(quán)重。換句話說，多維貧困不僅僅是指生活在低收入中，而是指無法擁有被認(rèn)為是基本生活必需品的東西。一個人的貧困得分是指他所經(jīng)歷的各種資源匱乏的權(quán)重總和。在全球多維貧困指數(shù)框架中，如果一個人的貧困得分達(dá)到或超過1/3（33.3%），那么他就被認(rèn)定為遭受著多方面的貧困。4通過觀察一個個體案例，我們可以更好地理解這個問題。52歲的納瓦拉是一名從南蘇丹一次危機中逃離的難民，她居住在烏干達(dá)北部的一個難民營中。納瓦拉和她9歲的孫女現(xiàn)在住在一間沒有鋪地板的房子里，有兩張床、一盞太陽能燈和一個由低成本太陽能板充電的電源插座。每天，安置點的婦女都要步行15分鐘到一個公用的自流井取水。廁所是與其他八個家庭共用的。她們用柴火燒飯。雖然她們偶爾會遇到食物短缺，但沒有發(fā)生營養(yǎng)不良。納瓦拉祖孫倆沒有什么財物，但她們很慶幸能有一部手機和一盞太陽能燈。由于動蕩，小姑娘錯過了幾年的學(xué)業(yè)。納瓦拉希望能夠盡快讓孩子進(jìn)入小學(xué)，這樣孫女就能趕上并達(dá)到她自己沒有機會享受的教育水平。根據(jù)上述條件，納瓦拉和孫女被認(rèn)為符合多維度貧困的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因為在10個指標(biāo)中她們有7個都未達(dá)標(biāo)，在本案例中這相當(dāng)于61.1%的貧困得分。5

基于對貧困的多個維度的理解，世界各地的發(fā)展項目旨在以多種不同方式幫助窮人。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠承擔(dān)的情況下，實施健康、衛(wèi)生干預(yù)措施后，全世界五歲以下兒童的死亡率已大幅下降，從1990年到2020年的30年間，每年的死亡人數(shù)從1260萬下降到了500萬。至于入學(xué)率，義務(wù)教育法在各個國家都發(fā)揮著重要作用。這些政策有助于最大限度地減少城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)之間的教育差異，減少因經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力而輟學(xué)的兒童人數(shù)，并提高人口的總體教育水平。關(guān)于對一個人的生活水平有重大影響的住房問題，將貧困人口遷離荒涼地區(qū)可以成為改善他們生活的有效途徑。易地搬遷后，他們往往可以獲得自來水、沖水馬桶和許多其他必要的生活設(shè)施。6盡管上述扶貧策略取得了成功，但氣候變化、國際關(guān)系以及與種族和性別有關(guān)的問題會使貧困問題進(jìn)一步復(fù)雜化。全球社會有所共識，要想取得消除貧困的勝利，必須將其與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、解決社會需求的戰(zhàn)略相結(jié)合。想要針對具體情境，找到解決方案，人類既需要勇氣也需要智慧。這不是一項簡單的任務(wù)，而是我們?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)人類命運共同體而為之奮斗的事業(yè)。

Povertyisaprimaryconcernforsustainabledevelopment.Para._____21.Matchthefollowingstatementswiththeparagraphstheysummarize.aGettingtheidea

Thepovertyproblemportrayedinliteraryworksabouttheolddayshasnotdisappeared,evenwiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnologies.

Para._____bAvarietyofmeasureshavebeentakentotacklepovertyworldwide.

Para._____c15Gettingtheidea

Anindividualcaseisusedtohelpunderstandhowamultidimensionallypoorfamilyismeasured.

Para._____dPovertycanbeassessedusing10indicators.

Para._____e43Gettingtheidead

Wemusttakespecificcontextsintoconsiderationwhendesigningstrategiesforpovertyalleviation.

Para._____f6Gettingtheidea2.Answerthefollowingquestionsbyfillingintheblanks.?Health:1)________________________________?Education:2)______________________________________________?Standardofliving:3)____________________________________________________________________________

Whataretheindicatorsofpoverty?1nutritionandchildmortalityyearsofschoolingandschoolattendancecookingfuel,sanitation,drinkingwaterelectricity,housing,andassetsGettingtheidea?Housing:Theyliveinhousingwithadirt4)________________________________________________________________________________________.?Drinkingwater:Everyday,theywalk5)_____________toacommonwellforwater.?Sanitation:Theyshare6)__________witheightotherfamilies.

WhyareNyawalaandhergranddaughterconsideredmultidimensionallypoor?2floor,twobeds,asolarlamp,andapoweroutletchargedbyalow-costsolarpanel15minutestoiletsGettingtheidea?Cookingfuel:Theyuse7)____________forcooking.?8)_________:Theyhavefewbelongings,butforacellphoneandasolarlamp.?Yearsofschooling:Nyawala’sgranddaughterhasmissed9)__________________________becauseofthecrisis.?Schoolattendance:Nyawalahopestoenrollhergranddaughterina10)_________________soon,sothattheyounggirlcancatchupthelevelofeducationthatNyawaladidn’tcomplete.firewoodAssetsseveralyearsofschoolprimaryschoolGettingtheidea?Withaccesstoaffordable11)________________________________________,childmortalityinunder-fiveswasreducedworldwideover30years.?12)_______________________________playanimportantroleinreducingthenumberofchildrenwhodropoutofschool.?Relocating13)____________________________awayfrominhospitableareashelpsthesepeoplegetbetteraccesstonecessities.

Whateffortshavebeenmadetohelpthepoorallovertheworld?3interventionsinhealthandsanitationCompulsoryeducationlawspoverty-strickenpeopleGettingtheidea3.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Gettingtheidea1Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Ittakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts”inParagraph6?2AsmentionedinParagraph5,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.ThepictureonPage146showsYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,amodelforpoverty-alleviationwork,whichwelcomedmanyrelocatedfamilies.Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkrelocationcanhelppovertyalleviation?1Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Ittakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts”inParagraph6?Addressingpovertyrequiresindividualsandpolicymakerstopossessbothcourageandwisdom.Tofigureouteffectivesolutions,theyneedthecouragetofacethechallengingissuesrelatedtohealth,education,andlivingstandards,aswellasthefactorsthatcomplicatetheissueofpoverty,suchasclimatechange,worldevents,andissuesrelatingtoraceandgender.GettingtheideaReferenceanswersThismayinvolvetakingboldactionandmakingtoughdecisions.Additionally,wisdomisneededtomakeinformedandwell-thought-outchoicesthatconsiderthespecificfactorsinfluencingpovertyinaspecificcontext,suchasnutrition,childmortality,schooling,accesstobasicnecessities,andoveralllivingconditions.Thecombinationofcourageandwisdomenablesacomprehensiveunderstandingofthecomplexfactorscontributingtopovertyandhelpsinformulatingappropriatestrategiestocombatit.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers2

AsmentionedinParagraph5,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.ThepictureonPage146showsYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,amodelforpoverty-alleviationwork,whichwelcomedmanyrelocatedfamilies.Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkrelocationcanhelppovertyalleviation?GettingtheideaRelocationcancontributetopovertyalleviationinseveralways:?Accesstobetteropportunities:Relocationoftenmeansmovingfromruralareastourbanorsemi-urbanregionswherethereareoftenmorejobopportunities.Thiscanassistindividualstosecuresteadyemploymentandincreasetheirincome.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers?Improvedinfrastructure:Relocatingtoareaswithbetterpublicinfrastructurecanyieldaccesstoqualityhealthcare,education,sanitationfacilities,andhousing,allofwhichcansignificantlyimproveone’squalityoflife.?Skilldevelopment:Moredevelopedareascanprovideaccesstoinstitutionsforskilldevelopment.Peoplecantherebyimprovetheiremploymentprospectsandabilitytoearnabetterincome.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers?Accesstosocialservices:Inmanycases,socialservicesaremorereadilyavailableoraccessibleinurbanareasorregionsbeingtargetedforpovertyalleviation.Thiscanincludethingslikefoodassistance,childcareassistance,educationalgrants,andmore.

GettingtheideaReferenceanswersWhenexplainingaconceptoranalyzinganissue,itisgoodpracticetouseau