英語課后習題答案

Unit1DevelopingLanguageSkillsFurtherReading.2.UsingDictionariesExIslang6.prefixabbreviation7.suffixgeographicalname8.illustrativequotationtechnicalword9.synonymderivation10.antonym1.Many“good”DefinitionsⅠa)1b)6c)5d)3e)8f)2Ⅱa)Goodgrief!b)Ohgood!c)Goodluck!2.SQ3R1.A2.A3.B4.C5.B6.D7.D8.C3.LearningForeignLanguages1.A2.C3.C4.B5.AUnit2SightseeingHomeandAbroadFundamentalReadingBeijingExIpalace11.theImperialtemple12.theresidencesofleadersMongol13.theGateofHeavenlyPeaceemperor14.squareManchu15.paradethecentralcity16.fireworksdisplaysuburb17.commercialareafarmland18.residentialareatheemperor’shousehold19.theTempletheForbiddenCity20.tombsofMingemperorsExIIIAttheendofthe12thandthebeginningofthe13thcenturies,GenghisKhan,thefirstemperoroftheYuanDynasty,establishedtheMongolEmpire,alsoknownasChina’sYuanDynasty.ManchuguowasthepuppetregimeestablishedafterJapaneseinvasionofthethreeprovincesinnortheastChina.ConstructionontheForbiddenCitystartedfrom1406A.D,andendedin1420A.D.(the18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone).RestinthecenterofBeijing,thepalacecoversanareaof720,000squaremeters,extending961metersfromsouthtonorthand753metersfromeasttowest.Withmorethan9,000royalchambers,theForbiddenCityservedasthepalaceof24emperorsoveraperiodofmorethan500yearsfromtheMingtoQingDynasties.It’sthelargestandmostwell-preservedimperialpalaceandancientarchitectureinexistenceinChinaandtheworldaswell.TheGateofHeavenlyPeace,formerlyknownastheChengtianGate,servedasthemaingatetotheimperialcity.Itsconstructionwascompletedinthe18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone.Builtin1420A.D.,theTempleof1.ArrangingJourneys1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B2.Australia 1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D3.TourismTipsforEveryPartofChina1.A2.D3.D4.A5.A4.TheAcropolisofAthens1.A2.C3.C4.A5.DUnit5FolkloreandFolkArtFundamentalReadingFolkAreExI1.民謠ballad童話故事fairytale傳奇故事legend神話故事myth民間故事folktale諺語/箴言proverb童謠nurseryrhyme謎語riddle迷信superstition灰姑娘CinderellaExIIFolkloreisanyofthecustomsandtraditionsthatdevelopfromanationoveralongperiodoftime.Itconsistsofcustoms,traditions,beliefsandsuchformsoforalliteratureasfairytales,folktales,riddles,proverbs,ballads,songsandsuperstitions.Italsoincludesartsandcrafts,traditionalgames,holidaycelebrationsandsoon.Proverbsaresomesayingsfrequentlyusedinoureverydaylife.Althoughproverbsaresimilartoidioms,theyarepopularandeasytounderstandwiththecharacteristicsofthespokenlanguage,completedideasintheformofoneortwoshortsentences.Chineseproverbsinvolvealargecontent.Theycanbedividedintovariouscategorieswithnumerousgoodexamples,ofwhichsomeconcernfarming,forexample,“ItistimetosowbeforeandaftertheFestivalofPureBrightness”,someothersconcernlogic,forexample,“Asyousow,sowillyoureap”,stillsomeothersconcernthegeneralknowledgeinourlife,forexample,“Walkaftereatingtoliveafitandlonglife”.Proverbs,likeidioms,asapartofthewholevocabularyofalanguage,canaddtofreshnessandvividnessoflanguage.3.ChineseFolkArtExI藝術創(chuàng)作artisticcreation種桑plantmulberrytrees養(yǎng)蠶toraisesilkworms刺繡embroidery染dye壁畫mural（painting）陶器pottery捏面人doughsculpture剪紙papercut黃土高原LoessPlateau窯洞cavedwellings長壽longevity龍dragon鳳phoenix向往美妙生活yearnforabetterlife結婚禮服weddingdress洞房bridalchamber代代相傳tohanddownfromgenerationtogeneration中國少數(shù)民族Chineseethnicminorities未婚夫fianceFurtherReading2.MonkeyKingOnlineExI多媒體multimedia光盤驅動器CD-ROM西游記JourneytotheWest.妖魔鬼怪demonsandmonsters唐僧theTangPriestXuanzang取經(jīng)fetchingBuddhistscriptures花果山theMountainofFlowersandFruit水簾洞awaterfallinfrontofacliff美猴王theHandsomeMonkeyKing天兵天將troopsfromheaven/theheavenlygeneralsandsoldiers翻筋斗somersault大鬧天宮makeHavocinHeaven金箍棒goldencudgel仙丹，長生不老藥thepillsofimmortality玉皇大帝theJadeEmperorintheHeaven如來佛theBuddhaExIIThestoriesof“JourneytotheWest”arewidelyknownbyalmosteveryoneinChina.“JourneytotheWest”isaChinesefull-lengthfantasynovelinMingDynasty.IttellsofthehistoricalfactoftheTangPriestXuanzang’smissiontoancientIndiaforfetchingBuddhistscripturesescortedbySunWukongandhisotherdisciples,bearingthecharacteristicsoffairytales.MonkeyKingislovedbyeveryoneasaresourcefulandbraveherowhoscornsimperialpower,daretorebelandhavethesenseofhumor.“JourneytotheWest”includesthreeparts.ThesubjectofpartoneistheoriginofMonkeyKingandhowhemadehavocintheheaven.ParttwocontinueswiththeoriginoftheTangPriestXuanzangandthereasonsforhisjourneytothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.PartthreenarrateshowMonkeyKingwasconvertedtoBuddhismtoescorttheTangPriesttothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.Aftertheyhadexperiencedeighty-oneadversitiesontheirway,subduingvariousdemonsandmonstersandstrugglingagainstsinisternaturalconditions,theysucceededingettingtheBuddhistscripturesatlastandreachedtheBuddhistspiritualstateofanimmortal.3.What’sSoSpecialAboutDragon?ExI長壽longevity子孫(后裔)descendants圖騰totem祖先forefather/ancestor吉祥物mascot大禹YutheGreat巫峽WuxiaGorge洪澇flood干旱drought(供奉豬、羊)祭祀tooffersacrificesofpigsandgoats11.龍王廟dragonkingtempleExIIIThedragon,springingfromtheancientChinesetotem,isconsideredthesymbolofChinesenationality.ItissaidthattheYellowEmperorandEmperorYanweresonsofdragons,soChinesealwayssaytheyare“descendantsofdragons”or“descendantsoftheYellowEmperorandEmperorYan”.Thedragondances,oneofthefolkdancesoftheChineseHannationality,havealonghistoryoftwothousandyears.Theygotthenamebecauseofthepatternsofdragonsthatthedancerscarryasprops.DragondancesarethemostpopularfolkdancesintheChinesetraditionalfestivals.Chinesecommunitiesintheworldshowtheirculturaltraditionsoftheircommunitiesthroughdragondances.1.

ClothProducts1.B2.C3.D4.A2.

AmericanFolkArt1.

F2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T3.DragoninDifferentCultures1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B4.

Beowulf1.Mostscholarsdatethepoemfromthe700’s,butsomedateitmuchclosertotheendoftheOldEnglishperiod.2.InalloldEnglishpoetry,accent(theemphasiswithwhichasyllableispronounced)andalliteration(wordsthatbeginwiththesamesound)areused.3.Beowulfisamightywarrior.4.Theyadmiredthequalitiesofstrength,courage,loyalty,andgenerosity.5.Beowulf,amedievalpoem,isthefirstgreatworkofEnglishLiterature.Unit6WaysofLifeFundamentalReading2.FoodGuidePyramidExI1.乳制品dairyproducts2.維生素vitamin3.碳水化合物carbohydrate4.營養(yǎng)nutrient5.纖維素fiber6.蛋白質protein7.礦物質mineral8.熱量（卡）calorie9.消化系統(tǒng)digestivesystem10.家禽poultry11.鈣calcium12.磷phosphorus13.鋅zinc14.谷類食物cereal15.脂肪fat16.小吃，快餐snack1.BeautyContests1.C2.B3.A4.D2.AutomobilesChangethePatternofLiving1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A3.DesignersStruttingNewIdeas1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.D4.GettinginShape1.C2.C3.B4.B5.DUnit7PerceivingPlanetEarthFundamentalReading2.TheEcosystemExI1.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecologicalsystem2.生物圈biosphere1.食物鏈foodchain2.資源resource3.昆蟲insect4.物種species5.微生物microbe6.藻類algae7.有機物organism8.光合作用photosynthesis9.菌類fungi10.草食動物herbivore3.ATheoryofEarth'sStructureExI1.火山暴發(fā)volcaniceruption2.巖漿magma3.地殼thecrust4.北冰洋theArcticOcean5.斷裂帶crack/fault6.板塊漂移themovementoftheplates7.次大陸subcontinent8.喜馬拉雅山脈theHimalayarange9.阿爾卑斯山theAlps10.安第斯山theAndes3.ThebalanceofNature大自然的平衡是一種精細而微妙的、克制與反克制的系統(tǒng)。氣候的變化，新生命體的演變，動植物擴展到新的地區(qū)都會使這一系統(tǒng)不停地發(fā)生變化。誰曾料到扔掉一棵加拿大水蘊草會使英國二分之一的水運通道阻塞十年？誰曾料到把仙人掌送給移民的孤單的妻子會使澳大利亞東部一片片仙人掌泛濫成災？誰會預言砍倒亞得里亞海岸或中非地區(qū)的森林會沖走裸露巖石上的土壤，使這些土地半沙漠化？誰能料到交通手段的進步會變化歷史，使昏睡病傳輸?shù)綎|非，麻疹傳輸?shù)酱笱笾蓿懠矀鬏數(shù)焦爬系南ＥD？（譯文）自然界的平衡ThebalanceofNature朱利安赫胥黎自然界的平衡是一種十分精密復雜而又敏感脆弱的克制與反克制體系，它總是隨著氣候條件的變化，隨著新的生物體的形成，和隨著動植物蔓延入新的地區(qū)而持續(xù)不停地變化著。可是，在過去，這些變化大部分是很緩慢的，而自從文明人出現(xiàn)后來，變化的速度便增大了諸多倍。用以測量它們的時間標度；已經(jīng)從合用于自然演化過程的、以一萬年或十萬年為計量單位的時間標度，轉變成人類所使用的、以幾百年甚至幾十年為計量單位的時間標度。人類到處都在變化著自然界的平衡。他協(xié)助動植物進入新的地區(qū)，有時是故意的，有時是無意的。他正在用新的植物種類，或者用房屋、工廠、爐渣堆或其它的文明產(chǎn)物覆蓋大片的土地。他使有些物種大批消亡，卻造成有利條件使另外某些物種成倍地增加?？傊祟愒谖迩陜缺却笞匀辉谖灏偃f年內做了更多的事來變化地球的生態(tài)。他所造成的許多變化已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了沒有預料到的后果。誰能料到，扔掉一株加拿大水草會使英國的二分之一水路阻塞十年之久？誰又能料到，為那些移民們的寂寞的妻子提供一盆仙人掌會使澳大利亞東部的霸王樹林蔓延成災?誰能預示，砍去亞德里亞海濱或中非某些地區(qū)的森林會使泥土流失，剩余光禿禿的巖石，使“良田變成半沙漠?誰想得到，改善交通競也會傳輸疾病——使昏睡癥傳入了東非，麻疹傳入了大洋洲，古希臘的瘧疾很可能也是別處傳入的——從而變化了歷史的發(fā)展。這都是些令人矚目的例子，規(guī)模較小的例子則到處可見。我們?yōu)槟承┫∮续B類設立了自然保護區(qū)，規(guī)定保障全部物種的絕對安全；其成果卻可能是某些普通而又易生存的鳥類大量繁殖，逐出了我們直正感愛好的貴重品種。我們看到，由于當代文明帶來的某些小變化，使英國到處出現(xiàn)了成群結隊的燕八哥。我們提高了牛的生育能力，現(xiàn)在卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它們耗竭了過去足以養(yǎng)活那些對生存條件不那么苛求的牲畜的牧場。，我們得意地著手捕殺危害家畜的食肉動物，攫食家禽及野味的蒼鷹，但發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做卻使啃噬農(nóng)民收益的老鼠和其它嚙齒動物無限制地繁殖起來。1.EarthDay1.TheEarthSiteinInternet.2.TogetattentionfortheEarthDayidea.3.AllindividualsandinstitutionshaveamutualresponsibilitytonowactasTrusteesofEarth,seekingthechoicesinecology,economicsandethicsthatwilleliminatepollution,povertyandviolence,fosterpeacefulprogress,awakenthewonderoflife,andrealizethebestpotentialforthefutureofthehumanadventure.4.TakeactionfortheEarthDayidea.5.JohnMcConnell.6.OnMarch20.2.VolcanoesandtheirBenefits1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A3.Earth’sInterior1.C2.C3.A4.C5.C6.B7.C8.D4.VolcanicFireandGlacialIce1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.AUnit8SolvingSocialProblems1.SocialProblemsinNewYorkCityExIsocialproblempovertycrimeratedrugaddictionracialconflictwelfareprogrammedicalcaredrugaddictburglarywell-payingjob(well-paidjob)segregatedneighborhoodminoritygroup2.AIDSanditsPreventionExIAIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)immunesystemsymptominfectedbloodthemosteffectivepreventivestrategyhealthauthoritydrugusershareinjectionequipment(sharesyringe)publichealthagencyvaccinedrugabusehealthclinicAmericanRedCrossWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)monitorWorldAIDSDayprotectiveclothingJuvenileDelinquencyExIjuveniledelinquencyjuveniledelinquent/juvenileoffender/younglawbreakertherateofjuvenilecrimeautomobiletheftcurfewalcoholicbeveragejuvenilecourtcriminalcourttrylegalagestreetganglawbreaker/offenderreform/rehabilitateoffenderaccusesb.ofsthfamilyrelationshipdelinquencystudiessociologistalcoholismbrokenhomejuvenilelow-incomegroupcounselingservicerecreationalcenterFurtherReadingSafetyPrecautionsExImindone’sownbusinessstayawayfromdarkplacesapopulatedareaadesertedlocalityloiterpeepholefireescapeidentificationcard/identitycardcommonsensesafeguardmasterkeylocksmithPopulationExplosionExIpopulationexplosionbirthratedeathratelivingconditionsindustrialcountryruralareaagriculturalcountrylow-incomecountryfoodproductionfaminepopulationgrowthhigh-yieldcropvarietytheGreenRevolutionequaldistributionofexistingresourcesgohungrypopulationcontrolreplacementlevelzeropopulationgrowthDrugAbuseExIdrugabusealcoholicbeveragetobaccoprescriptiondrugcocainemarijuanaheroinopiatehallucinogenicdrugdesignerdrugmalnutritionTestReading1.Vandalism1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A2.ProblemsofCounterfeit1.moreandmorefalsemoneyappearedathomeandabroad.2.Theyplacedaspecialthreadintotheleftsideofeachpieceofpapermoneyvaluedat10dollarsormore.3.ItwillbethepictureofthefamousAmericanoneachbill.4.be50%largerandmovedalittletooneside5.Itwillnotberecalledorreducedinvalue.6.theAmericanTreasuryDepartmentwillchangethelookofAmericanpapermoneytopreventcounterfeiters.3.ComputerCrime1.C2.A3.A4.D