熱點(diǎn)19溫室氣體的應(yīng)對(duì)(解析版)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練熱點(diǎn)19溫室氣體的應(yīng)對(duì)我國(guó)首個(gè)國(guó)家溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)基本建立助力碳達(dá)峰碳中和近日，中國(guó)氣象局發(fā)布我國(guó)第一份國(guó)家溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)名錄，這標(biāo)志著經(jīng)過(guò)近40年建設(shè)，我國(guó)首個(gè)溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)基本建成。此舉將進(jìn)一步豐富我國(guó)地面氣象觀測(cè)站布局，提升氣候變化監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估能力，持續(xù)為我國(guó)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和行動(dòng)成效科學(xué)評(píng)估與碳排放核算提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。溫室氣體是引起氣候惡化最主要的大氣成分。本次發(fā)布的觀測(cè)網(wǎng)名錄包含60個(gè)覆蓋全國(guó)主要?dú)夂蜿P(guān)鍵區(qū)、并以高精度觀測(cè)為主的站點(diǎn)，由國(guó)家大氣本底站、國(guó)家氣候觀象臺(tái)和國(guó)家及省級(jí)應(yīng)用氣象觀測(cè)站（溫室氣體）等組成。其觀測(cè)要素涵蓋《京都議定書(shū)》中規(guī)定的二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亞氮、氫氟碳化物、全氟化碳、六氟化硫和三氟化氮等7類溫室氣體。我國(guó)是世界上較早開(kāi)展溫室氣體本底觀測(cè)的國(guó)家之一。中國(guó)氣象局綜合觀測(cè)司司長(zhǎng)曹曉鐘表示，這張“網(wǎng)”的背后，是中國(guó)氣象局代表中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)參與世界氣象組織大氣成分觀測(cè)計(jì)劃，近40年探索積淀形成的觀測(cè)、標(biāo)校、產(chǎn)品、應(yīng)用、服務(wù)完整業(yè)務(wù)體系。據(jù)介紹，1982年，國(guó)內(nèi)第一個(gè)區(qū)域大氣本底監(jiān)測(cè)站在北京上甸子投入使用。1994年，青海瓦里關(guān)國(guó)家大氣本底站作為歐亞大陸腹地唯一的全球大氣本底站在海拔3816米的青藏高原上建立，其監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)在國(guó)際上久負(fù)盛名，我國(guó)溫室氣體觀測(cè)邁入世界第一陣營(yíng)。從“1”到“60”跨越近40年，一系列完整的大氣成分國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得以建立，一支院士專家和臺(tái)站專業(yè)技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)于一體的人才隊(duì)伍不斷壯大。在溫室氣體監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域，定標(biāo)尤為重要。中國(guó)氣象局還建立了國(guó)內(nèi)第一家具備7類溫室氣體標(biāo)校能力的溫室氣體實(shí)驗(yàn)室，其定標(biāo)結(jié)果已成為國(guó)內(nèi)各類溫室氣體觀測(cè)溯源的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺”，輻射氣象、環(huán)境、海洋等多個(gè)部門(mén)。標(biāo)定后溫室氣體的研究成果成為聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專門(mén)委員會(huì)(IPCC）評(píng)估報(bào)告、《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》（UNFCCC）等聯(lián)合國(guó)文件出臺(tái)的重要依據(jù)?！斑@將是一張影響深遠(yuǎn)的觀測(cè)網(wǎng)?！敝袊?guó)工程院院士、中國(guó)氣象科學(xué)研究院研究員張小曳表示，依托長(zhǎng)序列數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍，2021年以來(lái)中國(guó)氣象局成立了國(guó)家級(jí)溫室氣體及碳中和監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估中心，在多個(gè)省份設(shè)立分中心，建成我國(guó)碳中和行動(dòng)有效性評(píng)估系統(tǒng)，準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分全球、區(qū)域、城市等不同尺度的自然碳通量和人為碳通量，為實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)力量?！笆奈濉笔翘歼_(dá)峰的關(guān)鍵期、窗口期。曹曉鐘表示，中國(guó)氣象局將積極對(duì)接國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略需求，促進(jìn)高精度溫室氣體監(jiān)測(cè)儀器國(guó)產(chǎn)化，持續(xù)推進(jìn)構(gòu)建地空天立體化溫室氣體監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)。[來(lái)源|央廣網(wǎng)]2021年度氣候變化十大科學(xué)事件3月23日是第62個(gè)世界氣象日，由中國(guó)氣象局氣候變化中心組織評(píng)選的“2021年度氣候變化十大科學(xué)事件”正式發(fā)布。據(jù)介紹，兩院院士、國(guó)家氣候變化專家委員會(huì)委員、國(guó)內(nèi)氣候變化領(lǐng)域知名專家（包括IPCC評(píng)估報(bào)告主要作者、氣候變化國(guó)家評(píng)估報(bào)告主要作者等）通過(guò)函評(píng)方式對(duì)候選事件進(jìn)行了評(píng)選，最終確定的“2021年度氣候變化十大科學(xué)事件”（按得票順序排列）為：1、IPCC發(fā)布AR6WGI評(píng)估報(bào)告《氣候變化2021：自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》，指出許多觀測(cè)到的變化前所未有2021年8月，聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專門(mén)委員會(huì)（IPCC）發(fā)布了第六次評(píng)估報(bào)告第一工作組報(bào)告《氣候變化2021：自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》。報(bào)告指出，科學(xué)家們一直在觀測(cè)全球各個(gè)區(qū)域和整個(gè)氣候系統(tǒng)的變化，觀測(cè)到的許多變化為幾千年來(lái)甚至幾十萬(wàn)年來(lái)前所未有，一些如海平面持續(xù)上升等已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的變化在數(shù)百到數(shù)千年內(nèi)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)，2011—2020年的十年間，全球地表溫度比1850—1900年間高1.09℃，這是自12.5萬(wàn)年前冰河時(shí)代以來(lái)從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的水平，過(guò)去五年也是自1850年有記錄以來(lái)最熱的五年。2、格拉斯哥氣候變化大會(huì)達(dá)成《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》，強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化政策制定中的重要性2021年聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)于10月31日至11月12日在英國(guó)格拉斯哥舉行，會(huì)議最終達(dá)成《格拉斯哥氣候協(xié)議》，涵蓋科學(xué)、適應(yīng)、適應(yīng)資金、減緩、資金、技術(shù)和能力建設(shè)、損失和損害、實(shí)施和合作等八個(gè)層面。強(qiáng)調(diào)要實(shí)現(xiàn)將溫升控制在一定水平需要快速、深入和持續(xù)地減少全球二氧化碳排放，并大幅減少甲烷等其他非二氧化碳溫室氣體排放。3、氣候?qū)W家真鍋淑郎和哈塞爾曼獲2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，大氣與海洋科學(xué)領(lǐng)域首獲物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)驽伿缋山⒌妮椛?對(duì)流模式對(duì)理解氣候變暖是一個(gè)里程碑式的工作。第一次全面解決了輻射傳輸?shù)母鞣N問(wèn)題，并與對(duì)流調(diào)整相結(jié)合，建立了一個(gè)可靠地計(jì)算CO2增加導(dǎo)致全球變暖的數(shù)值模式。哈塞爾曼的最優(yōu)指紋法已被用來(lái)證明大氣溫度升高是由于人類排放的CO2造成的。正是基于最優(yōu)指紋法和最新發(fā)展的氣候模式，IPCCWGIAR6才得出結(jié)論“毋庸置疑的是，人類活動(dòng)已經(jīng)引起了大氣、海洋和陸地的變暖。”4、世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布《氣候變化與健康特別報(bào)告》，建議優(yōu)先考慮具有最大健康效益的氣候政策2021年10月，世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）發(fā)布一份氣候變化與健康特別報(bào)告，闡述了全球衛(wèi)生界對(duì)氣候行動(dòng)的立場(chǎng)，即越來(lái)越多的研究顯示，氣候與健康之間有著很多不可分割的聯(lián)系。報(bào)告就全球采取行動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、最大限度地改善人類健康向各國(guó)政府提出建議：各國(guó)政府將健康和社會(huì)正義置于聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候談判的核心；優(yōu)先考慮采取具有最大健康、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的措施。5、中國(guó)政府和科技界合力推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰和碳中和，氣候變化白皮書(shū)、藍(lán)皮書(shū)和綠皮書(shū)相繼發(fā)布2021年8月，中國(guó)氣象局氣候變化中心發(fā)布《中國(guó)氣候變化藍(lán)皮書(shū)（2021）》，指出21世紀(jì)前20年是中國(guó)百年以來(lái)的最暖時(shí)期。2021年12月發(fā)布的《氣候變化綠皮書(shū)（2021）》聚焦中國(guó)碳達(dá)峰碳中和目標(biāo)，從不同領(lǐng)域、不同部門(mén)和不同主體分析了我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇以及路徑，展示了綠色低碳和氣候適應(yīng)的政策和行動(dòng)。6、氣候變化造成極端事件頻發(fā)，破紀(jì)錄熱浪的發(fā)生概率增加，熱帶氣旋將可能向中緯度地區(qū)擴(kuò)展2021年的極端氣候事件大大打破了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的紀(jì)錄。美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)2021年的一項(xiàng)研究預(yù)測(cè)，21世紀(jì)的熱帶氣旋（颶風(fēng)和臺(tái)風(fēng)）可能會(huì)在比過(guò)去300萬(wàn)年更大的緯度范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生，在中緯度地區(qū)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的熱帶氣旋。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著熱帶氣旋在全球變暖中會(huì)帶來(lái)更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2021年在美國(guó)康涅狄格州登陸的颶風(fēng)“亨利”可能是此類風(fēng)暴的前兆。7、氣候翻轉(zhuǎn)因素會(huì)引發(fā)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，大西洋洋流系統(tǒng)可能正在接近氣候臨界點(diǎn)諸如冰蓋融化、洋流變化、雨林砍伐等氣候翻轉(zhuǎn)因素之間會(huì)相互影響。最新研究表明，在全球變暖程度低于預(yù)期的情況下，氣候翻轉(zhuǎn)因素之間的相互作用最終也能引發(fā)突變。例如海洋環(huán)流的突變經(jīng)常發(fā)生在適度的變暖（小于2℃）。大西洋經(jīng)向翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流將熱帶地區(qū)的暖水向北輸送到海洋表面，將冷水向南輸送到海洋底部，與歐洲相對(duì)溫和的溫度聯(lián)系密切。8、中國(guó)氣象局建成我國(guó)首個(gè)國(guó)家溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)2021年12月，中國(guó)氣象局發(fā)布了國(guó)內(nèi)第一份國(guó)家溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)名錄。這標(biāo)志著經(jīng)過(guò)近40年的建設(shè)，國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)溫室氣體觀測(cè)網(wǎng)基本建成。9、各國(guó)最新氣候承諾將使21世紀(jì)末全球溫升降低到1.8℃2021年12月，歐盟委員會(huì)聯(lián)合研究中心發(fā)布了《2021年全球能源與氣候展望：邁向氣候中和》的報(bào)告，評(píng)估了更新的國(guó)家自主貢獻(xiàn)(NDC)和長(zhǎng)期凈零排放目標(biāo)對(duì)溫升水平的影響。報(bào)告指出，目前的政策背景下到2100年全球溫升幅度會(huì)超過(guò)3℃，僅實(shí)現(xiàn)NDC情景承諾的減排目標(biāo)到2100年全球溫升幅度將達(dá)到2.6℃，而實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期凈零排放目標(biāo)則可使到2100年全球溫升幅度降低至1.8℃。在當(dāng)前的政策背景下，全球溫室氣體排放量將到2040年左右達(dá)到峰值，而在長(zhǎng)期凈零排放路徑下，全球溫室氣體排放量將在2023年左右達(dá)到峰值，并在21世紀(jì)中葉穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。10、2021年全球二氧化碳排放大幅反彈，化石燃料CO2排放量幾乎已恢復(fù)到疫情暴發(fā)前水平2021年11月發(fā)布的《全球碳預(yù)算2021》報(bào)告指出，由于新冠肺炎疫情的限制，2020年CO2排放量下降了5.4%，但2021年約上升4.9%（4.1%～5.7%），達(dá)到364億噸，這使得排放量幾乎回到了2019年的水平。這表明各國(guó)政府承諾的疫情后“綠色復(fù)蘇”并沒(méi)有兌現(xiàn)。煤炭和天然氣使用的強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)是2021年排放增加的主要原因，而石油的增長(zhǎng)則緩慢一些。盡管2021年美國(guó)和歐洲的排放量較2019年水平有所下降，但印度的排放量大約上升了4.4%。按照目前的趨勢(shì)，報(bào)告預(yù)計(jì)全球碳排放量將在2022年繼續(xù)上升。一、閱讀理解1NewZealandisabeautifulislandcountryinthePacificOcean.There,snowymountainsrisehighabovetheseaandgrassyhillsgoacrossthelandformiles.However,ifyouspendsometimewalkingaroundtheland,you’llsmellsomethingdifferent.Almost30millionsheepand10millioncowstravelaroundthosegreenhillsandeachoneofthemisfarting(放屁).Thatmaysoundlikeajoke.Butscientistsaren’tlaughing.TherearemorecowsandsheepthanpeopleinNewZealand:eighttoone.Andtheseanimalsfartmorethan4milliontonsofgaseveryyear.Thatgasaddstooneofthemostdangerousproblemswefacetoday:globalwarming(全球變暖).Thegasthatfarmanimalsproduceiscalledmethane(甲烷),agreenhousegaswhichcanleadtoclimate(氣候)change.Butsheepandcowsarenotthemainreason.Mostgreenhousegasesareproducedbyfactoriesandcars.ButinNewZealand,farmanimalsproducealmosthalfthecountry’sgreenhousegases.That’swhyscientistsinNewZealandareworkinghardtosolvetheproblem.They’vefoundmedicinethatcanreducegasinsheepandcows.ButmostfarmanimalsinNewZealandwalkfree.It’shardtoroundthemuptogivethemmedicine.There’salsoathirdplan.Somescientistshaveputsheepinspecialsealedcages(密封籠子).Theymeasure(測(cè)量)thegasthatasheepproduces.Ithelpsscientistsfindthatsomesheepnaturallymakelessgasthanothers.Whentheygivebirthtothosesheeptogether,theirbabysheepfartslessthantheircousins.It’sonlyasmallimprovement.Butthosebabysheepjustmightmaketheplanetabetterplacetolive.1.WhichstatementistrueaboutNewZealand?A.Thenumbersofcowsaredropping.B.Therearemorecowsandsheepthanpeople.C.Farmanimalsareindangerbecauseofglobalwarming.2.TheproblemthatcowsandsheepbroughttoNewZealandis________.A.airpollution B.sealevelrise C.fewergrassland3.Whatcanthespecialsealedcageshelpdo?A.Stopsheepfromfarting.B.Givebirthtosheeptogether.C.Pickoutsheepthatproduceslessgas.4.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutthethirdplan?A.Itmightwork. B.Itwillcosttoomuch. C.It’smeaningless.5.Thereadingmaterialaboveismostprobablyfrom________.A.amoveposter B.asciencefiction C.amagazine【答案】1.B

2.A

3.C

4.A

5.C【解析】本文主要講述了新西蘭的科學(xué)家正在努力解決農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體以及我們面臨的全球變暖的問(wèn)題。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TherearemorecowsandsheepthanpeopleinNewZealand:eighttoone.”可知，新西蘭的牛羊比人多：八比一。由此可知新西蘭牛和羊比人多。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ButinNewZealand,farmanimalsproducealmosthalfthecountry’sgreenhousegases.”可知，可知牛羊給新西蘭帶來(lái)問(wèn)題是空氣污染。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theymeasure(測(cè)量)thegasthatasheepproduces.Ithelpsscientistsfindthatsomesheepnaturallymakelessgasthanothers.”可知特種密封籠可知幫助挑選產(chǎn)氣少的羊。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’sonlyasmallimprovement.Butthosebabysheepjustmightmaketheplanetabetterplacetolive.”(這只是一個(gè)小小的進(jìn)步。但這些小綿羊可能會(huì)讓這個(gè)星球變得更適合居住。)可推出作者對(duì)第三個(gè)計(jì)劃感想是這可能有用。故選A。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知本文主要講的是新西蘭的科學(xué)家正在努力解決新西蘭牛羊產(chǎn)生氣體加劇了我們今天面臨的最危險(xiǎn)的問(wèn)題之一：全球變暖這個(gè)問(wèn)題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知本文不可能出自海報(bào)或者科幻小說(shuō)，最可能來(lái)自一本雜志。故選C。2Inrecentyears,large-scale(大規(guī)模的)treeplantationprogrammesareapopularwaytodealwiththeclimatecrisis(氣候危機(jī)).Thesetrees,theystorelotsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.Theygiveusoxygenwebreathe.Andthere’snodoubtthattherighttreesintherightplaceisagoodthing.However,large-scaletreeplantingisbecomingaproblem.YatirforestisIsrael’slargestforest.Butthefourmilliontreesareactuallyhavingawarmingeffectontheplanet.Andthebrightdesertsurfacereflected(反射)moresunlightthanthepresentdarkertreecanopy(樹(shù)冠)thatreplacedit.Thisforestismakingglobalwarmingworse.WhattheYatirforestwarnsusisthatchoosingtherightlocationisveryimportant.Thewronglocationcanalsouseupgroundwateranddryupstreams.Choosingtherightlocationisn’ttheonlychallengeforlarge-scaletreeplantations.Mostofthetime,thesetreeplantingprogrammeschooseonetypeoftrees.Theyarebadforbiodiversity(生物多樣性).Anotherbigproblemisplantingthewrongtypeoftrees.InSouthAfrica,theintroductionofnewtypesoftreeshasledtocoveringlargeareasofland.Thecountrynowspendsmillionsofpoundsclearingthetreeseveryyear.So,protectingtheforestswouldbeabetteruseofourtimeandresources.Weshouldallowspacearoundtheforestsforthemtonaturallyexpand.Andit’sthebestwaytogetmoretreesontheplanet.Oneplacewhereplantingtreesisgoodisinthecities.Treeshelpreducenoise,improveairquality,helppreventflooding,andevenimproveyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Thereisnoonesolutiontotheclimatecrisis.Wehavetouseallthetoolsathandtoreducegreenhousegasesandslowdownglobalwarming.6.Theunderlinedword“replaced”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.解釋 B.解決 C.取消 D.取代7.Whichisthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?(①=Para1

②=Para2...)A.①//②③④⑤//⑥ B.①//②③④//⑤⑥C.①②//③④//⑤⑥ D.①②//③④⑤//⑥8.Whataretheproblemsoflarge-scaletreeplantingaccordingtothepassage?a.Choosingthewronglocation

b.Plantingtreesinthebigcitiesc.Plantingthewrongtypeoftrees

d.ChoosingonlyonetypeoftreesA.abd B.abc C.acd D.bcd9.Thepurposeofthepassageis________.A.tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentB.toaskmorepeopletoplantmoretreesintheirdailylivesC.towarnpeopletochoosetherightlocationtoplanttreesD.toremindpeopletopaymuchattentiontotheirhealth【答案】6.D

7.B

8.C

9.C【解析】本文介紹了植樹(shù)并不是百利無(wú)一害的，就此問(wèn)題，文中舉例告訴我人們應(yīng)該如何植樹(shù)。6.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Butthefourmilliontreesareactuallyhavingawarmingeffectontheplanet.Andthebrightdesertsurfacereflected(反射)moresunlightthanthepresentdarkertreecanopy(樹(shù)冠)thatreplacedit.”可知，這400萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)實(shí)際上正對(duì)地球產(chǎn)生變暖的影響，而明亮的沙漠表面反射的陽(yáng)光比現(xiàn)在取代它的深色樹(shù)冠更多。所以replaced是取代的意思。故選D。7.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段提出了大規(guī)模植樹(shù)正成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題；第2~4段提出了兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的植樹(shù)例子；第5~6段號(hào)召用正確的方法保護(hù)環(huán)境。由此可知，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為B選項(xiàng)。故選B。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhattheYatirforestwarnsusisthatchoosingtherightlocationisveryimportant.”可知，選擇正確的地點(diǎn)是非常重要的，所以錯(cuò)誤的選擇是個(gè)問(wèn)題；根據(jù)“Mostofthetime,thesetreeplantingprogrammeschooseonetypeoftrees.”可知，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，這些植樹(shù)計(jì)劃選擇一種樹(shù)木是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)“Anotherbigproblemisplantingthewrongtypeoftrees.InSouthAfrica,theintroductionofnewtypesoftreeshasledtocoveringlargeareasofland.”可知，另一個(gè)大問(wèn)題是種植錯(cuò)誤類型的樹(shù)木。故選C。9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“However,large-scaletreeplantingisbecomingaproblem.”和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章告訴我們?cè)谡_的地方種植正確的樹(shù)是一件好事，并舉出錯(cuò)誤的案例告訴我們應(yīng)該如何選擇正確的地點(diǎn)來(lái)植樹(shù)。故選C。3What’scausingglobalwarming?Isitaman-madedisaster（災(zāi)難）?Oraretemperaturessimplychangingnaturally?Whateverthecaseis,wecanatleasttrytoslowthingsdown.Buthow?TheNicodemusWildernessProjectsuggeststhatweshouldplanttrees.IftheEarthhadmoretrees,greenhousegaseswouldbereduced.Treesalsocutdownwaterpollution,andprovidehabitats（棲息地）forwildlife.What’smore,theyimprovehumanhealthbyproducingoxygen（氧氣）andimprovingairquality.Infact,ifweplantedonetree,justone,itwouldhavelotsofbenefitsforourplanet.Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.Infact,lotsofpeoplealreadyare.Treeplantingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularasawaytotakepartinprotectingtheenvironment.TheCanopyProjectplantedonemilliontreesin2010aspartoftheAVATARHomeTreeInitiative（阿凡達(dá)家園樹(shù)計(jì)劃）.Intotal,treeswereplantedin16countries.Forexample.InBelgium,theOrganizationforForestsinFlandersworkedwithprivatelandownerstohelpthemplanttrees.InGermany,teenagerFelixFinkbeinerhasbeenleadingaglobalmovementtoplantmoretrees.Hewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworld.And,whatcanyoudotohelp?Well,youcouldgotoyourlocalgardencenterandbuyatree,althoughyou’dneedtogetadviceonhowtolookafteritproperlysitsurvives（生存）.Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.10.AccordingtoParagraph2,atreecan________.A.greatlyimprovetheairqualityinacityB.provideenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeveryweekC.providethecoolingeffectofthetenairconditionersD.takeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime11.Theunderlinedword“benefits”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A.experiencesB.changesC.advantagesD.victories12.Fromthepassage,weknowFelixFinkbeiner________.A.helpsthelocallandownerstoplanttreesB.isaleaderoftheorganization,CanopyProjectC.hasthedreamtoplanttreesonlyinhiscountryD.hasbeenworkinghardtoprotecttheenvironment13.Thewritershowsalotofexamplesinthelastparagraphto________.A.callonmorepeopletoplanttreesB.showhowpopularitistoplanttreesC.askpeopletoworkwiththeprojectD.tellpeoplealotoftreesareplanted14.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?________A.TreeCuttingCausesGlobalWarming.B.MillionsofTreesArePlanted.C.PlantingTreesBetterstheEnvironment.D.SettingupProjectsBecomesPopular.【答案】10.D

11.C

12.D

13.A

14.C【解析】本文介紹了應(yīng)對(duì)溫室氣體的方法——種樹(shù)。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.”可知一棵樹(shù)在其一生中可以吸收超過(guò)一噸的有害溫室氣體，每天產(chǎn)生足夠四個(gè)人使用的氧氣，并提供相當(dāng)于10臺(tái)空調(diào)每天工作20小時(shí)的制冷效果。故選D。11.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Atreecantakeinoveratonofharmfulgreenhousegasesoveritslifetime,produceenoughoxygenforfourpeopleeverydayandprovidethesamecoolingeffectoftensirconditionersworking20hoursaday.”可知，種一棵，它會(huì)給我們的星球帶來(lái)很多好處，benefits是“好處，優(yōu)勢(shì)”的意思，與advantages意思相近。故選C。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“InGermany,teenagerFelixFinkbeinerhasbeenleadingaglobalmovementtoplantmoretrees.Hewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworld.”可知在德國(guó)，少年費(fèi)利克斯?芬克貝納一直在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一場(chǎng)種植更多樹(shù)木的全球運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此可推測(cè)他一直在努力保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選D。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Infact,lotsofpeoplealreadyare.Treeplantingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularasawaytotakepartinprotectingtheenvironment.”可知事實(shí)上，很多人已經(jīng)這樣做了。作為一種參與保護(hù)環(huán)境的方式，植樹(shù)變得越來(lái)越受歡迎。以及“Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.”可知，作者在最后一段展示了很多例子來(lái)呼吁更多的人去植樹(shù)。故選A。14.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)“Besides,youcanjoinatreeplantingproject.”可知本文主要通過(guò)事實(shí)，呼吁人們種樹(shù)，這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是：植樹(shù)改善環(huán)境。故選C。4PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason.Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoastudypublishedinNature.Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigestfood,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichisamajorcauseofglobalwarming.Seventeenpercentofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)comefromlivestockfarming,TheNewYorkTimesreported.Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.Forestsplayakeyroleinfightingglobalwarmingbecausetheyabsorb(吸收)greenhousegases.Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050,thestudyfound.Maintaining(保持)avegetariandietinthelongtermcouldbringdownemissionsby63percent.Buteatinglessmeatwon’tbeeasy.Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonow.Otherwise,itwillhavenoimpact(影響)onourclimate.Scientistsaretryingtofindwaystoreplacemeat.Somesaythateatinginsectscouldhelp.AUNreportsaysthateatinginsectsishealthierandbetterfortheenvironment.Theyproduce75percentlessgreenhousegasthanlivestock.Someexpertsarecreatinglab-grownmeat.Theymakemeatinalabusinglivestockcells(細(xì)胞).UScompanyJUSTsaidpeopleintheUSmightbeabletobuyitslab-grownmeatinthenearfuture.15.WesternpeopleeatlessmeatforreasonsEXCEPT________.A.tokeephealthy B.tosavemoneyC.toprotectanimals D.toprotecttheenvironment16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”meaninChinese?A.消化 B.產(chǎn)出 C.分泌 D.揮發(fā)17.Eatinglessmeatcanhelpprotecttheenvironmentbecause________.A.cookingmeatproducesmoregreenhousegasB.lesslivestockmeanslessgreenhousegasemissionsC.animalsareanimportantpartofecosystemD.peoplewillplantmoretreesaroundtheirhouses18.HowmuchlessmeatshouldWesternpeopleeattoinfluencetheclimate?A.63percent. B.70percent. C.75percent. D.90percent.19.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MisunderstandingLivestock B.ABetterUseforGreenhouseGasC.LessMeat,BetterEnvironment D.EatingInsects–AHealthyDiet【答案】15.B

16.A

17.B

18.D

19.C【解析】本文主要講述了少吃肉會(huì)減少溫室氣體的排放，阻止氣候變化。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason.Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoastudypublishedinnature.”可知，西方人少吃肉的原因是保持健康；保護(hù)動(dòng)物；保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選B。16.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichisamajorcauseofglobalwarming.”可知，它們的胃會(huì)產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，這是全球變暖的主要原因?？芍衔氖钱?dāng)牛等動(dòng)物消化食物時(shí)，此處digest的意思是“消化”，故選A。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.….Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050,thestudyfound.”可知，牲畜減少意味著溫室氣體排放減少，故選B。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonow.”可知，西方人少吃90%的肉影響氣候。故選D。19.主旨大意題。通讀整篇短文可知，這篇短文主要講述了少吃肉對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選C。5InIndia,therearemanyironingvendors(熨燙商販)whopresspeople’sclothesforaliving.Theirmaintoolisanironboxpoweredbycharcoal(木炭).India’sScienceandTechnologyDepartmentfoundoutthatthereareabout10millionironingcarts(手推車)inthecountry.Eachofthemusesmorethan5kilogramsofcharcoaleachday,Reutersreported.Afterseeingherneighborhoodironingvendorsthrowtheusedcharcoalawayonthestreetside,VinishaUmashankar,15,toldNPRthatshestartedtothinkabouttheamountofcharcoalburnedeverydayandtheharmitdoestotheenvironment.Burningcharcoalgivesoutgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichleadstoclimatechange.Vinisha,astudentfromTamilNadu,India,hadtheideaof________.Shespentsixmonthsdesigningawheeledcart.Thecarthassolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能板)whichtakeinsunlighttoprovideelectricity.Therestenergycanbestoredinabatteryforuseoncloudydays,accordingtoTimeMagazine.Fivehoursofbrightsunshineisenoughtooperatetheironforsixhours.Tocompletetheinvention,Vinishalostherselfinreadingcollege-levelphysicstextbookstofigureouthowsolarpanelswork.Then,shereportedherideatotheNationalInnovationFoundation,runbytheIndiangovernment.Engineerstherehelpedherbuildafull-scaleworkingmodel,NPRreported.Now,herinventionisgettingworldwideattention.“IamnotjustagirlfromIndia.IamagirlfromEarth,”Vinishasaidinherspeech.“Allofusshouldunderstandthatenvironmentalproblemsarerealandcan’tbefixedatalaterdate,”Vinishacontinued,“Thereisnoimmediatestop.Therearenomagicways.”20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.theburningofcharcoal B.theamountofcharcoalC.throwingthecharcoalaway D.pressingpeople’sclothes21.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttofillintheblank________inParagraph3?A.offeringtheironingvendorsbettertrainingB.designingawheeledcartwiththesolarpanelC.findingoutwaystomakefulluseofcharcoalD.helpingtheironingvendorsmakemoremoney22.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVinisha?A.Braveandsmart. B.Helpfulandcreative.C.Carefulandloving. D.Quietandhard-working.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?A.Thereisnoendtotheenvironmentalproblems.B.Theenvironmentalproblemsmaybesolvedbymagicalways.C.Peoplethinktheenvironmentalproblemsarethebiggestenemies.D.Weshouldtakeactiontodowiththeenvironmentalproblemsrightaway.24.What’sthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtoprotecttheenvironment.B.TotellthestoryofanIndiangirlandherwaytosuccess.C.Tointroduceagreeninventionusedtostopairpollution.D.Todescribeanenvironmentalproblemcausedbycharcoal.【答案】20.A

21.B

22.B

23.D

24.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)15歲的印度女孩在發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的木炭燃燒會(huì)危害環(huán)境之后，努力設(shè)計(jì)了用太陽(yáng)能板提供能量的有輪的手推車的事跡。20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Burningcharcoalgivesoutgreenhousegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichleadstoclimatechange.”可知燃燒木炭釋放導(dǎo)致氣候變化的溫室氣體，燃燒木炭危害環(huán)境，故此處it指代“燃燒木炭”。故選A。21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Shespentsixmonthsdesigningawheeledcart.Thecarthassolarpanelswhichtakeinsunlighttoprovideelectricity.”可知她花費(fèi)了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)有輪的手推車，這個(gè)手推車有一個(gè)太陽(yáng)能板。故選B。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知維迪尼亞看見(jiàn)危害環(huán)境的現(xiàn)象之后設(shè)法創(chuàng)造性地解決問(wèn)題，是一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的、樂(lè)于助人的并有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選B。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereisnoimmediatestop.Therearenomagicways.”可知沒(méi)有立刻的終止，沒(méi)有魔法的辦法，只有行動(dòng)起來(lái)，處理環(huán)境問(wèn)題勢(shì)在必行。故選D。24.主旨大意題。文章第一段闡述存在的危害環(huán)境的現(xiàn)象，為維迪尼亞的出場(chǎng)做好鋪墊，然后的幾段介紹了維迪尼亞的發(fā)明過(guò)程和她的思想。故選B。6It’scommonlyknownthatgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxide(CO2)causesglobalwarming.Thewholeworldhasmadegreateffortstoimprovethesituation.Especially,thetreesplantedinChinaareplayinganimportantrole.AreportpublishedinNatureshowsthatCO2absorption(吸收)intwonewforestareasinChinaismorethanwethought.ThetwoareasarelocatedinChina’ssouthwesternandnortheasternprovinces.Theymakeupover35percentofChina’scarbonsinks.CarbonsinksarenaturalsystemsthatabsorbandstoreCO2fromtheair.Themainnaturalcarbonsinksaretreesandotherplants.AccordingtoPaulPalmer,theseprovinceshavebeenworkingonrapidforestation(造林)inlargeareas.Overthepast10to15years,theforestareashavekeptincreasingby400—4,400squarekilometersperyear.Chinaisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcountriesofhuman-producedCO2,________.In1978,Chinabegananational-levelforestationproject.ManytreeshaveplantedintheareasofnorthernChinatoactaswindbreaks.Forexample,aboutonethirdoftheKubuqiDesertinInnerMongoliaisnowcoveredwithtrees.In2019,Alipay’sAntForestprogramplanted122milliontreesandwontheUNChampionsoftheEarthawardforhelping500millionpeoplelivelow-carbonlives.China’sgoalistoreachcarbonneutralityby2060.CarbonneutralityreferstoremovingasmuchCO2asoneputsintotheair.IfChina’sgoalisachieved,itwilllowerglobalwarmingbyaround0.2to0.3℃alone,accordingtoClimateActionTracker(CAT).25.China’stwonewforestsareas________.A.playanimportantroleintree-planting B.areinthesouthwestandnortheastofChinaC.covermorethanhalfofChina’scarbonsinks D.mainlyabsorbandstoretreesandotherplants26.InParagraph3,PaulPalmershowsChina’sachievementinforestationby________.A.usingnumbers B.askingquestions C.givingexamples D.comparingfacts27.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe________inParagraph4?A.andithascausedseriousenvironmentalproblemsB.sothegovernmentwilltakestepstostopairpollutionC.thoughmostofChinesepeoplearelivinglow-carbonlivesD.butourcountryhasbeenworkingonreducingitsclimateinfluence28.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whatcausesglobalwarming B.whatChinadoestolowerglobalwarmingC.howChinaproducessomuchCO2 D.howtreesabsorbandstoreCO2fromtheair【答案】25.B

26.A

27.D

28.B【解析】本文主要講了中國(guó)為減緩全球變暖所做的一切。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AreportpublishedinNatureshowsthatCO2absorptionintwonewforestareasinChinaismorethanwethought.ThetwoareasarelocatedinChina’ssouthwesternandnortheasternprovinces.”可知中國(guó)的兩個(gè)新林區(qū)分別位于中國(guó)的西南部和東北部。故選B。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Overthepast10to15years,theforestareashavekeptincreasingby400—4,400squarekilometersperyear.”可知在第三段，PaulPalmer通過(guò)列數(shù)字展示了中國(guó)在造林方面的成就。故選A。27.推理判斷題。下文講中國(guó)為二氧化碳的產(chǎn)生對(duì)其后造成的危害所做的努力，由此可知雖然是世界上人為產(chǎn)生二氧化碳最多的國(guó)家之一，但一直在努力改變，設(shè)空處用“butourcountryhasbeenworkingonreducingitsclimateinfluence”表示“但我們國(guó)家一直在努力減少對(duì)氣候的影響”。故選D。28.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章主要講了中國(guó)為減緩全球變暖所做的一切。故選B。7PeopleinWesterncountriesareeatinglessmeatthesedays,whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason:Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange,accordingtoarecentstudypublishedinNature.Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigest(消化)food,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichareamajorcauseofglobalwarming.Seventeenpercentofgreenhousegasemission(排放)comefromlivestockfarming,theNewYorkTimesreported.Inaddition,toraisetheselivestock,peoplehavetocutdownforestsandturnthemintofarms.Forestsplayakeyroleinfightingglobalwarmingbecausetheyabsorbgreenhousegases.Eatinglessmeataccordingtocertainguidelinescouldcutglobalfood-relatedemissionsbynearlyathirdby2050.Thestudyfoundkeepingavegetariandietinthelongtermcouldbringdownemissionsby63percent.Buteatinglessmeatwon’tbeeasy.Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncountrieswillneedtoeat90percentlessmeatthantheydonowinordertohaveaninfluenceonourclimate.Scientistsarenowtryingtofindnewfoodstoreplacemeat.Somesaythatinsectscouldhelp.A2013UNreportsaidthateatinginsectsishealthierandbetterfortheenvironment.Theyproduce75percentlessgreenhousegasesthanlivestock.Someexpertsarecreatinglab-grownmeat.Theymakemeatinalabusinglivestockcells.InMarch,aUScompanyJUSTsaidpeopleintheUSmightbeabletobuyitslab-grownmeatbytheendofthisyear.29.Eatinglessmeatcanhelpprotecttheenvironmentbecause_________.A.therewillbemoreanimal-relatedwaste B.lesslivestockmeanslessgreenhousegasemissionsC.animalsareanimportantpartoftheenvironment D.peoplewillplantmoretreesaroundtheirhouses30.Accordingtothestory,eatinglessmeatcanhelpus_________.a.stayhealthyb.reducewastec.protectanimalsd.slowdownclimatechangeA.a;b;c B.b;c;d C.a;b;d. D.a;c;d31.Howmuchlessmeatshouldpeopleeattoinfluencetheclimate?A.63percent. B.70percent. C.75percent. D.90percent.32.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?A.WhyWesternerseatmoreinsectsandlab-grownmeatthesedays.B.Whatpeoplewilleatinthefuture.C.Howeatinglessmeatinfluencestheenvironment.D.Whatthemajorcauseofglobalwarmingis.【答案】29.B

30.D

31.D

32.C【解析】本文介紹了《自然》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)少吃肉類可以幫助減緩氣候變化，解釋其原理以及說(shuō)明用什么食物來(lái)代替肉。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Raisinglivestock(家畜)isbadfortheenvironment.Whenanimalslikecowsdigest(消化)food,theirstomachsmakegreenhousegases,whichareamajorcauseofglobalwarming.”可知，養(yǎng)家畜意味著溫室氣體排放，家畜越少意味著越少的溫室氣體排放。故選B。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“whetherfortheirhealthorbecausetheywanttoprotectanimals.Butnowtheyhaveanotherreason:Eatinglessmeatcanhelptopreventclimatechange”可知，少吃肉可以保持健康，保護(hù)動(dòng)物，阻止氣候變化；acd都包括。故選D。31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Accordingtothestudy,peopleinWesterncount