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ChapterVTableMannersWarm-up:WatchandDiscussHaveyoueverwatchedTitanic?Besidesthetouchinglovestory,haveyoulearnedanythingabouttablemanners?Let’slookbackonthisclassicmovie,andthendiscussaboutwesterntablemanners.
ContentsArrivingforDinner1PlacingOrders2FormalPlaceSettings3AFormalDinner
4Objective
GetfamiliarwithalltherulesinplacingordersFaceaformaldinnerina
gracefulwayGettoknowhowtomakegoodpreparationsbeforegoingtodinnersGetfamiliarwithalltheeatingutensilsandtheirfunctionsaswellastheirplaceatthetableArriving
for
DinnerArrivingtooearlyisrudeWithin10-15minutesoftheearlieststatedtimeIfyouarerunning15minuteslateAtlessformaldinners
AGuest’sPre-PlanningAneffortwithyourappearanceAtformaldinnersCallthehostessDonotbringagiftatallBringsomethingthatisnotneededCheckwiththehostessaboutthedresscodeGuestsareseatedalternatingmenandwomen
SeatingProtocolAsingletableGuests’numberevenlydividedbyfourhostandhostessattheoppositeendsMaleguestofhonortotherightofthehostess;femaleguestofhonortotherightofthehostMaleguestofhonoroppositethehost;hostesstotheleftofhim
Host’sseatfacingthedooratabusinessdinner
Firstworkingroupsofsix.Refertothediagramsinyourtext-booksforthevisualizedseatingprotocolandtrytomemorizetheexactplacesofeachperson.Nowcloseyourbooksandrole-playthehostsandtheguests,toseeifallofyoucanbeseatedappropriately.Thenincreasethegrouptoeight,thentoten.Andtrytochangeyourplacesaccordingly.In-classActivity:Placing
OrdersAtaRestaurantErronthesideofsafetyandordersomethingnon-alcoholicIfyouareaskedfirsttoorderthedrink1Medium-pricedFoodyouknowEasytoeat2
Guidelinesforfoodorderthemenupre-arranged,youhaveaspecialneed,3Don’tmakeabigdealoutofitOrderwhatyouwant,there’snothingyouhavetoorder.Say“nothankyou〞Say“Nothankyou〞4Appetizers,Soup,Salad,Entrée主菜
Heaviest,heartiest,themostcomplex
Sweet,strongflavor,cheese,cake,ice-creamStarters
MainCourseDessert
DecodingtheMenuWhiteWine
WhiteMeat,fish,chicken
RedMeat,beef,portDessertRedWineRicholdSherryTheMatchofWineandFoodWhiteWineAseven-coursemenu:In-classActivityFirstrefertothesampleseven-coursemenuinyourtext-booksandmemorize.Nowtrytomatchthepicturesandputthemintheappropriateorder:7.ClearSoup6.Oysters2.Desserts1.fruit3.GameandVegetables5.BeefandVegetables4.SaladB.ClaretA.Sherry雪利酒E.Chablis沙布利酒C.BurgundyD.ChampagneFormalPlaceSettingTheGlasswareWaterGoblet〔高腳杯〕BrandySnifter〔窄口杯〕TheFlatwareRestaurant/DinnerForkTableFork,EuropeanSizeSaladForkOyster/Cocktail(開胃菜)ForkFishFork,H.H.Restaurant/DinnerKnife,H.H.Restaurant/DinnerKnife.1-pc,HeavySteakKnife.1-pc,HeavyFishKnife,H.H.ButterSpreader/TeaKnifeButterSpreader.1-pc,HeavyTeaspoonBouillon肉湯SpoonDessert/OvalBowlSoupSpoonRoundBowlSoupSpoonIcedTeaSpoonCoffeeSpoonDinnerSpoon,EuropeanSizeTablespoon/ServingSpoonTheChinaware1.Dinnerplate2.Saladplate3.Cup4.Saucer5.Bread-and-butterplate6.Charger7.Dessertplate8.Soupbowl
Napkin,Fingerbowl,andSaltandPeppershakerFingerbowlACompleteIllustrationThesaladknifemaynotbeneeded.Atatraditionallyformalmeal,thereisnobutterplate,ordessertspoonandfork.Breadtraditionallywasnotservedwithformalmeals,andthedessertforkandspoonwouldbepresentedwiththefingerbowls.NotethattheabovesettingistheEuropeanStylewherethesaladiseatenattheend.Americanswilltypicallyplacethesaladforklefttothefishforkandthesaladkniferighttothefishknife.TheillustrationbelowshowsyouanAmericanformalplacesetting.WatchtheVideo-clipandThenDoityourself!Putthematinfrontofthechair.Puttheplateinthecenter.
Puttheforkontheleft.
Puttheknifeontheright.
Putthewaterglassaboveandrightoftheplate.
Putthenapkinontheplate,centered.
StepTwoStepThreeStepOneFacingaFormalDinnerGracefullyAlltherulesoftablemannersaremadetoavoidugliness.Toletanyoneseewhatyouhaveinyourmouthisrepulsive討厭,tomakeanoiseistosuggestananimal,tomakeamessisdisgusting—EmilyPostLunch/DinnerHostConsiderpreferencesofguestsGivespecificsMakereservationandreconfirmdaybeforeArrive10-30minearly,lookattable,meetserverGreetguestsatentrance.Guestprecedesdownaisle.Guestgetsbestseat.Seatyourselftotheirleft.Offermenuadvicetoguests,ordereasy-to-eatfoodandlimitdrinksforyourselfLunch/DinnerGuestReplypromptlytoinvitationOnlycancelonveryurgentbusinessBeontime—callrestaurantandsendmessagetohostiflateIfyouarrivebeforehost,youmaysitattablebuteatnothingbutwateruntilhostarrivesNeverorderthemostexpensiveitemTakenonoticeofcheck.DoNOToffertoleavetipThankyourhost!YouareSeated.
BeforeEating
BeforeSittingdown
Leavethecocktails餐前開胃菜
wheretheyare.VisittherestroomforfinishingtouchesHostandthefemaleguestofhonorenterthediningroomfirst;whilehostessandthemaleguestofhonorenterlast
Waitforthehosttomakethefirstnapkinmove.Putthenapkinonyourlap.Keepalargernapkinunfoldedandnever“flap擺動〞tounfoldit.Astraightback;feetfirmlyplantedonthefloorinfrontofyou;andelbowsandforearmsoffthetable.Followthehostess’slead.UseeatingutensilsproperlyHoldtheforkhorizontallybybalancingitbetweenthefirstknuckle節(jié)ofthemiddlefingerandthetipoftheindexfingerwhilethethumbsteadiesthehandle.
Theknifeontheotherhandisusedwiththetipoftheindexfingerleaningonthebladeoftheknife.Donotapplytoomuchpressure;simplyuseitasleverageandguidance.
Holdthespoonlikeholdapencil.Afteryouhavestirredyourdrinks,removethespoonandplaceitontheservingplateunderneath.Ifthereisnoservingplate,placethespoononyourplate.KnifeSpoonForkAFingerbowlWhentouse?Afterthemaincourse.Howtouse?Dipyourfingersgentlyintothewarmwaterandrinse沖洗themlightly.Whytouse?Cleanyourfingersafterastickyormessymeal,suchasribs肋骨friedchicken,orcorn-on-the-cob〔棒〕.Shallow淺
roundbowlplacedatopalargerplate,filledwithwarmwater;Lemonwheelsfloatedinthewater.WhentheDinnerisServed
TheorderofServingThefemaleguestofhonorisservedfirst.TheServermoverstotherightorcounterclockwise.Allfoodisservedfromtheleft,whileallthedrinksareservedfromtheright.Theserverservesfromtheleft,andpicksupfromtheright.
BeforetheMainCourseisServedWhentostart?Waituntilthehostessliftsherforkasthesignaltobegineating.Placethebreadandbutteronyourbutterplate,thenbreakoffabite-sizedpieceofbread,putalittlebutteronit,andeatit.Appetizersareeatenwithaforkandknife
Dipthespoonintothesouptogetaspoonfulwithamotionthattakesthespoonawayfromyouratherthantowardyou.Sorbet果汁冰糕isservedbetweenthefishandmeatcoursestoclearthepalate.Ifitisservedwithagarnish配菜,youmayeatthemintleaves,freshherbs,orflowerpetals花瓣.ConversationChatonlybrieflywiththoseseatedseveralplacesaway(sothepersoninthemiddledoesnothavetoleanbackward).Donotyell大聲喊叫totheendsofthetable.Givethepersonyou’respeakingtoyourundivided(全心的關注)attention.Keepamentalcheckthatyouaren’ttalkingtoomuchyourself.Giveequaltimetothepersonsittingonyourleftandyourright.Avoiddiscussingpolitics,religion,money,orsexatthetable.Alsoavoidanycontroversialsubjectsthatmayfalloutsideofthescopeofthosethreetopics.Donotcorrectotherpeopleatanything.Givethanksfortheservice.IfyoutakeabreakorleavethetableduringthemealWhenyouhavefinishedeatingToastingWhoproposesatoast?Thehostproposesatoastfirst.Ifthehosthasstagefright怯場,itisacceptabletohavehisorherspousemakethetoast.Theguestofhonororanyguestwhohasbeentoastedshouldtoastthehostinreturn.Inothercases,aguestmayalsoproposeatoast,butonlyafterthehost.Whentotoastandforwhat?Thehostoftenproposesatoastatthebeginningofthemeal,welcomingaguesttoit.Thetoastmayalsooccurinthemiddleofthemeal,whenthehostraisesaglasstotheguestofhonoronhisorherright.Insteadofofferingthetoastatthebeginning,thehostmightwanttowaituntiltheend.Inthatcase,heorshewouldstandandtoasttheguestofhonor.Toasts
Likeawoman'sskirt,theyshouldbelongenoughtocoverthesubject,butshortenoughtobeamusing.Usuallytranslatesintoaboutoneminute.Anexampleofanexcellenttoast:“Ithinkthisisthemostextraordinarycollectionoftalent,ofhumanknowledge,evergatheredattheWhiteHouse,withthepossibleexceptionofwhenThomasJeffersondinedherealone.〞Atypicalwelcomingtoast:“Iamsopleasedthatyouallcouldbeheretoshareeachother'sgoodcompanyandthisgoodfood.Welcome.〞(atthebeginningofthemeal)Or“IamsopleasedthatyoucouldallbeheretowelcomemydearfriendFlorence,who'scomeallthewayfromRometovisit.〞(inthemiddle)Or“It'swonderfultohaveFlorencewithustonight.Let'stoastararewomanwholooksateverysituationinlifeasanopportunitytogiveofherself,tomakethingsbetter,happier,andmorefun.ToFlorence.〞(attheend)BeverageChoiceToastingtraditionallyinvolvesalcoholicbeverages.Champagne(oratleastsomevarietyofsparkingwine)isregardedasespeciallyfestiveandiswidelyassociatedwithNewYear’sEveandsituationsofasudden,congratulatorynature(suchaslearningthatonehasgainedalucrativebusinesscontract).Thereisnorequirementthatbeveragescontainalcohol,butitisn'tuncommonforapersonwhoisnotdrinkingalcoholonagivenoccasiontotakejustasipofanalcoholicbeverageinhonorofthetoastinpreferencetoasoftdrink.Often,differentparticipantshavedifferentdrinks,suchaswhensomepeopledrinksparkingcider蘋果酒
insteadofsparklingwine.
Do’sandDon’ts
Domakeatoastevenifyouarenotdrinkingalcohol.
Dotoastthehostinreturnifyouaretheguestofhonorandarebeingtoasted.
Dotoastmorethanoneperson.
Dokeepyourtoastshort.
Donotevertoastyourself.
Donotpreempt.Thehostshouldbethefirstonetotoast.
Donotreadyourtoast.
Donotclink發(fā)出叮當聲glasses.
Donottaptherimofyourglasstogeteverybody'sattention.
StickySituationsSpillingFoodOnYouOnthetableUnwantedFood/TooHotSoiledSilverwareDroppedSilverwareSneezingattheTableFoodCaughtinTeethLunch/Dinner--TaboosElbowsontableSalt/pepperonfoodbeforetastingTalkingwithmouthfullDrinkingwithfoodinmouthGesturingwithsilverwarePushingbackorstackingplatesatendofmealAnsweringorplacingcellphonecallsattableDunkinganythingintocoffeeorwaterMakingafussoverincorrectordersArranginghairorapplyingmakeupattablePickingyourteethatthetableAskingforadoggybagLunch/DinnerMeetings--ExtrasDon’teatwithyourmouthfullKeeponehandinyourlapunlessyouareeatingEuropeanstyleRemoveanythingfromyourmouthwiththesameimplementthatitwentinwith(exceptbones)EatatamoderatespeedTrytomaintainsomepolitedinnerconversationNevermedicate(用藥)yourselfatthetableIfyoumustleavethetable,placeyournapkininyourchairLunch/DinnerMeetings—
EasyendingsKnifeandforksidebysideintheproperpositionondinnerplateThehostorpersonwhohasissuedinvitationpays(regardlessofgender)Ifyouarepayingbill,handleitwithwaitpersonasdiscreetlyaspossibleAsyoudeparttable,refoldyournapkinsimplyandleaveittoleftofplacesettingTippingBartender(whendrinkinginthebar)--$1or15%orroundupbilltonextdollarwhenpayingbytheroundofdrinksBellman〔傳達員〕--$1perbagCloakroom(衣帽間)attendant–Ifthereisnochargetip$1,ifthereisafeerounduptonearestdollarDoorman(onlyforgettingyouataxi)--$1Maitred’(餐廳領班)(ifyouwantagoodtableorwanttobecomeafavoredregular)--$10-$20inahandshakeParkingValet(伺候)--$1-$2Taxi–15%offareWaitperson(效勞員)–15%-20%ofbillWashroomattendant–50centsor$1.00infancyhotelWinesteward(效勞員)(handeddirectlytosteward)--$3-$5perbottleor15%ofbillwhenbilledseparatelyfromfood
CocktailPartiesWorkevent—notsocialDetermineyourstrategy:networkwithnewpeopleorcertainknowntargetsDon’tjusthangoutwithfriendsEnterroom,steptooneside,surveyroomMovetowardfriendlyfacesoralreadyformedgroupIfsomeoneentersyourgroup,greetthemandmakeintroductionsCocktailPartyTipsGotofoodtablefirst—easiestplacetostartconversationsStandinmiddleofroomornearfoodtable,stayawayfromwallsLearnhowtoholdnapkin,plateandglassinonehandKeeponehandfreetoshakehandsDon’toverindulgeinalcoholManeuver(機動)amongpeople—don’tgetstuckSmallTalk3distinctpartsOpenerMiddleBreakawaySmallTalkOpenersIndividualsCompliment,weather,food,currentevent“Iloveyour______.Isitafamilyheirloom?〞GroupSomethingpertainingto(屬于)everyone“Howdoyouallknoweachother?〞“Willyoubetravelingthissummer?〞CasualacquaintancesGeneralcomments“Howhasyouryearbeen?〞SmallTalkMiddleSafetopicsSports,books,movies,theater,art,travelQuestionsAsk,listen,elaboratewithmatchingexperience,AskagainBemoreinterestedthaninterestingSmallTalkBreak-AwayStaynomorethan10mininoneplaceBreak-awaylines“Idon’twanttomonopolizeyou.〞“I’mgoingtocirculate.〞“IseesomeoneImustmeet.〞TellthemyouenjoyedspeakingwiththemDiscussnextstepsGoingforfood,tonextperson,etc.53ChineseMeals第一節(jié)位次排列面門為上。即面對房間正門的位置是上座。居中為上。分中央,分兩側的話,中央的位置高于兩側。前排為上。以右為上。國際慣例是以右為上,國內以左為尊。以遠為上。離門越遠的位置越高,離門越近反倒是下位。54桌次排位5556席次安排57用餐禮儀本卷須知入座按主人安排與示意,從椅子左側入座。身體不要貼著桌子,保持一拳頭的距離58將餐巾放在膝蓋上,可用餐巾擦嘴,但不可用擦臉或抹桌子。臨時離開餐巾放在座椅上。用餐完畢,餐巾放在桌子上。取菜時不要盛得過多。不合口味的菜不要顯露出難堪的表情。照顧他人時,要使用公共筷子和湯匙。進餐要文雅,吃東西應閉著嘴細嚼慢咽。不要舔嘴唇或咂嘴出聲。59菜稍涼后再食用,不要用嘴吹。嘴里有食物時,不張口與人交談。說話時不可噴出唾沫,不可高聲談話,影響他人。嘴角和臉上不可留有食物剩余。吃剩的菜,用過的餐具、牙簽及魚刺、骨頭等都要放入骨盤內,勿置桌上。剃牙時用手或餐巾遮口。咳嗽、打噴嚏時,應轉身低頭用手或餐巾遮擋,轉回身時說聲“抱歉〞。可到洗手間處理。60忌用筷子敲打桌面或器具。忌把筷子架在或杯子上,忌把筷子插在飯碗或菜盤里。忌諱筷子交叉放置、放反了、一頭大一頭小。談話時不要揮舞筷子,也不要把筷子當牙簽用。不要把筷子伸到他人面前。不要翻覆挑揀,也不要使筷子在菜盤上游動,不知夾什么菜。夾菜時不要一路滴湯,筷子不要粘滿了食物,也不要用嘴吮吸筷子。61用雙手舉杯敬酒,眼睛注視對方,喝完后再舉杯表示謝意。碰杯時,杯子不要高于對方的杯子。主人和主賓致辭、祝酒時,應暫停進餐和交談。主人和主賓到各桌敬酒,各桌賓客應起立舉杯。碰杯時主人和主賓先碰,人多時可同時舉杯示意,不一定碰杯。主人未祝酒前,不可舉杯。主桌未祝酒前,其他桌不可先起立或串桌祝酒。相互敬酒可活潑氣氛,但要適可而止,不能強人所難。62不抽煙。不往地上和桌子底下扔東西。餐具掉落后,可請效勞員另送一套。酒水濺到鄰座身上,應抱歉并協助擦干,如對方是異性,那么遞上干凈餐巾,由其自己擦干。菜肴中有異物時,應保持鎮(zhèn)定,用餐巾把它挑出來并棄之,切勿影響別人的食欲。用完餐離座時,將椅子往內緊靠著邊。傳染病毒攜帶者應自覺謝絕參加餐會。63女士不宜涂過濃的香水,以免香水味蓋過菜肴味道。女士出席隆重晚宴時防止戴帽子及穿高筒靴。女士用餐時要防止在杯或餐具上留下唇印,予人不潔之感。ExerciseCompletethePracticetasksinyourtext-books.
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