安全管理英語 課件 Unit 4 Construction Safety Management

Unit4ConstructionSafetyManagementLearningObjectivesAfterstudyingthisunit,you’llbeableto:understandandusewordsandphrasesrelatedtoconstructionsafetymanagementapplyaspecificreadingstrategytoorganizeinformationunderstandsomemaincausesofconstructionaccidents123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaWarmingUpSafetyhelmetcolorsindicatedifferentjobdutiesinanorganization.Matcheachhelmetcolorwiththeposition(s).ABCItindicatesthejobdutiesof?

1managers,supervisors,foremenorPartyA?

2technicians,managersorPartyA?

3technicaloperators?

4generallaborsDBCDA123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaPracticalReadingStep1Thehelmetshouldcoverthetopoftheforeheadandshouldbepositionedabouttwofingers’widthabovetheeyebrows.Donotslingthehelmetbacktoexposetheforehead—itshouldsitlevelatthefrontandbackandnotbetiltedbackatanangle.Step2ThestrapsshouldmeetsnuglyinaV-shapejustbelowtheears.Thebucklesonthesidestrapsshouldfitrightundertheears.Step3Onefingershouldfitbetweenthechinandthechinstraps.Yourfingershouldbeabletoshiftoneinchinanydirectionsothattheworkercandrinkorshoutwhenwearingahelmet.However,yourfingershouldnotbeabletoshiftanymorethanoneinch.Howtowearasafetyhelmet—Fromthemanualofasafetyhelmet譯

Words&PhrasesWordsforehead

n.額；前額eyebrow

n.眉（毛）slingv.（松松垮垮地）掛，吊level

adj.等高的；齊平的strap

n.帶子snuglyadv.緊貼地；貼身地buckle

n.扣環(huán)；搭扣課PracticalReadingPhrasestiltback使向后靠V-shapeV字形ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandcompletetheconversationbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1PracticalReading(Anewmemberofstaff,Steve,isconsultinghisexperiencedcolleaguePeterabouthowtowearasafetyhelmetinacorrectway.)Steve:Hello,Peter.Ineedtovisitourconstructionsitewithothernewstaffintheafternoon.ButIamstillnotquitesureabouthowtowearasafetyhelmetcorrectly.Couldyoupleasegivemesomeinstructionsaboutthis?Peter:Forsure.1______________actasthefirstlineofdefenseagainstheadinjury,buttheyonlyworkwhentheyareworncorrectly.Letmetellyouhowtocorrectlywearthesafetyhelmet.Weusuallyfollowthe2V1rule.Thetwointhe2V1rulemeansthefrontedgeofthehelmetshouldbe2_________________abovetheeyebrows.TheletterVinthemiddlemeansthat3__________shouldmeetina(n)4_________justbelowtheears.Asforthenumberoneintherule,itmeans5__________shouldfitbetweenthechinandchinstraps.thestrapsSafetyhelmetstwofingers’widthV-shapeonefingerReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandcompletetheconversationbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1PracticalReadingSteve:Isee.The2V1rulesoundssimpleandclear.I’lltakethatonboard.Thankyousomuch.Peter:Youarewelcome.Takecare!Extendedexercise

Readthetextagainanddecidewhethereachpersoniswearingtheirsafetyhelmetinthecorrectway.TickY(yes)orN(no).2PracticalReadingMikeTolookcool,hehasslungthehelmetbacktoexposehisforehead.?Y?NEmilyJohnItcanbeseenthatthechinstrapsmeetsnuglyinaV-shapejustbelowherears.?Y?NWhenheiswearingthehelmet,therearetwofingers’widthbetweenhischinandthechinstraps.?Y?N√√√如何佩戴安全帽——摘自安全帽說明書課PracticalReading課文譯文1．技術(shù)規(guī)格?測(cè)試范圍：12–250V?操作溫度：0–40℃2.操作說明?握住測(cè)電筆的絕緣手柄，將其探頭放入電子設(shè)備或電路中。?觀察指示燈。如果燈亮，則表示電路中有電壓。如果燈不亮，則表示電路中沒有電壓。?接下來，觸摸手柄末端的反應(yīng)測(cè)量按鈕，觀察數(shù)字顯示屏上顯示的數(shù)值。3.警告?測(cè)電筆只能在額定電壓范圍內(nèi)使用。?測(cè)電筆的絕緣部分由人造樹脂制成，不得用于電壓測(cè)試以外的任何其他用途。第一步頭盔應(yīng)覆蓋前額頂部，位置應(yīng)在眉毛上方約兩指寬處。頭盔前后應(yīng)保持水平，不得向后傾斜。第二步系帶應(yīng)緊貼耳朵下方，呈V形。側(cè)面系帶的搭扣應(yīng)緊貼耳朵下方。第三步下巴和下巴綁帶之間應(yīng)留有能放入一根手指的空間。這一空間應(yīng)允許手指能向任何方向移動(dòng)一英寸，以便工人在佩戴頭盔時(shí)能喝水或喊叫。不過，手指能移動(dòng)的幅度不應(yīng)超過一英寸。123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaIntensiveReadingAccordingtotheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA),fourhazardsareresponsibleforthemajorityofinjuriesandfatalitiesinconstruction,andthesearenamedtheFocusFourHazards.Anythingthatcouldcauseaworkertolosebalanceorlosebodysupportandthatcouldresultinafallisconsideredasafallhazard.Examplesofthistypeofhazardincludeunprotectedroofedges,improperscaffoldconstruction,andunsafeladders.Infact,fallscontinuetobealeadingcauseofinjuryanddeathatconstructionsites.TheFocusFourHazards譯IntensiveReadingThishazardoccurswhenapersoniscaught,squeezed,crushed,pinched,orcompressedbetweentwoormoreobjectsorpartsofanobject.Unguardedmovingmachinery,unprotectedexcavationsandtrenches,andworkingbetweenmovingmaterialsandimmovablestructures,vehiclesorequipmentbelongtothiskindofhazard.Forciblecontactorimpactbyanobjectorapieceofequipmentisanothertypeofhazard.Thishazardcanresultfromaflying,falling,swingingorrollingobject,suchasacranecollapsing,toolsfallingfromanelevatedworkstation,andinadequateriggingcausingaloadtobedropped.譯IntensiveReading譯Thistypeofhazardoccurswhenapersonisexposedtoalethalamountofelectricenergy.Anexampleofthiswouldbeaworkeropeningthegatetoatransformerareaandcomingintocontactwiththetransformer,resultinginashock.SeveralmeasuresshouldbetakentoavoidtheFocusFourHazards,suchasfollowingsafeworkprocedures,wearingappropriatePPE,andmaintainingasafedistancefromhazardousequipment.Itisessentialforworkerstounderstandthesehazards,andlearnhowtoavoidthemsoastoreducethenumberofinjuriesandfatalitiesandtocreateasaferworkingenvironment.

Words&PhrasesWordsoccupational

adj.職業(yè)的；工作的fatality

n.死亡construction

n.建筑；制造edge

n.邊緣scaffold

n.腳手架；升降吊架ladder

n.梯子crush

v.壓碎；壓壞pinch

v.捏；夾compress

v.壓緊；壓縮excavation

n.挖掘；開鑿trench

n.壕溝；溝渠rigging

n.索具lethal

adj.致命的；致死的transformer

n.變壓器Phrasesberesponsiblefor對(duì)······負(fù)責(zé)；是······的原因resultin導(dǎo)致；結(jié)果是forciblecontact強(qiáng)行接觸課IntensiveReadingWords

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsgivenintheboxes.1IntensiveReadingladderlethaltrenchcompressoccupational1Mostpesticidesare_____________toearthwormsonornearthesurface.2

Becausethereislesswatertomovethrough,themassiveamountofenergyis_____________.3Backproblemsarea(n)_____________hazardforanydesk-boundofficeworker.4Workersduga(n)_____________forgaslines.5Iwashedupandclimbedthe_____________totheattic.lethalcompressedoccupationaltrenchladderIntensiveReadingGrammarMakethefollowingadjectivesnegativeinmeaningbychoosingthecorrectprefix.Writethenegativewordsinthecorrespondingcolumns.2logicalvisiblepropersafeguardedmovableadequatelegalrationalregularin-———il-———im-———ir-———un-———inadequateinvisibleillogicalillegalimproperimmovableirrationalirregularunsafeunguardedIntensiveReadingWordFormation英語中有多個(gè)否定前綴，可以加在形容詞前，表示“不，無，非”。1.in-：用在大多數(shù)單詞前，il-/im-/ir-都是它的變體；2.il-：用在字母l開頭的單詞前；3.im-：用在字母b/m/p開頭的單詞前；4.ir-：用在字母r開頭的單詞前；5.un-也可加在形容詞前，表示“否定，缺乏或相反”之意。此外，它們也可用于構(gòu)成名詞、動(dòng)詞和副詞。GrammarMakethefollowingadjectivesnegativeinmeaningbychoosingthecorrectprefix.Writethenegativewordsinthecorrespondingcolumns.2IntensiveReadingReadingstrategyReadthetextandchoosethebestsubheadingforParagraphs2–5.Youcanwritethelettersonthelines.3AStruck-byhazardsBCaught-inor-betweenhazardsCFallhazardsDElectricalhazardsKey:1-C

2-B3-A4-DIntensiveReadingReadingStrategy連詞法（conjunction）是連接重點(diǎn)詞語、歸納段意的方法。用連詞法概括段意需注意，所選詞語要準(zhǔn)確，以確保串聯(lián)起來能反映段落的主要內(nèi)容。ReadingstrategyReadthetextandchoosethebestsubheadingforParagraphs2–5.Youcanwritethelettersonthelines.3ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading1

__________aretheleadingcauseofinjuryanddeathatconstructionsites.A.FallhazardsB.Caught-inor-betweenhazardsC.Struck-byhazardsD.Electricalhazards2

Ifworkerslosetheirbalance,whatmayhappen?A.Theywilllosetheirbodysupport.B.Theymayfallandgetinjured.C.Theywillgetanelectricshock.D.Unprotectedroofedgesmayleadtothissituation.√√ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading3

Electricalhazardsarecausedwhen__________.A.aworkercomesintocontactwiththetransformerB.apersonisexposedtoalimitedamountofelectricenergyC.apersonishitbyaflyingobjectD.apersoniscaughtandsqueezedbetweentwoobjects4

HowcanweavoidtheFocusFourHazards?A.Maintainasafedistancefromhazardousequipment.B.WearappropriatePPE.C.Followsafeworkprocedures.D.Alloftheabove.√√ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswer.4IntensiveReading5

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?A.TheFocusFourHazardsareresponsibleforthemajorityofinjuriesandfatalitiesinconstruction.B.Unguardedmovingmachineryandunprotectedexcavationsandtrencheswillleadtostruck-byhazards.C.Struck-byhazardscanbecausedbyrollingobjects,suchasacranecollapsing.D.UnderstandingtheFocusFourHazardsandwaystoavoidthemhelpstoreducethenumberofinjuriesandfatalities.√IntensiveReading課文譯文根據(jù)美國職業(yè)安全與健康管理局（OSHA）的統(tǒng)計(jì)，建筑業(yè)的大部分傷亡事故都是由四種危險(xiǎn)造成的，這四種危險(xiǎn)被稱為“四種重點(diǎn)危險(xiǎn)”。任何可能導(dǎo)致工人失去平衡或失去身體支撐并可能導(dǎo)致墜落的情況都被視為墜落危險(xiǎn)。這類危險(xiǎn)的例子包括無保護(hù)的屋頂邊緣、不適當(dāng)?shù)哪_手架結(jié)構(gòu)和不安全的梯子。事實(shí)上，高處墜落仍然是建筑工地造成人員傷亡的主要原因。當(dāng)人在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上物體或物體部件之間被夾住、擠壓時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生這種危險(xiǎn)。無防護(hù)的移動(dòng)機(jī)械、無防護(hù)的挖掘和壕溝，以及在移動(dòng)材料和不動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)、車輛或設(shè)備之間工作都屬于此類危險(xiǎn)。四種重點(diǎn)危險(xiǎn)課IntensiveReading課文譯文被物體或設(shè)備強(qiáng)行接觸或撞擊是另一類危險(xiǎn)。這種危險(xiǎn)可能是由飛行、墜落、擺動(dòng)或滾動(dòng)的物體造成的，如起重機(jī)倒塌、工具從高處掉落、索具不足導(dǎo)致貨物掉落。當(dāng)人暴露在致命的電能下時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生此類危險(xiǎn)。例如，工人打開變壓器區(qū)域的閘門，接觸到變壓器，導(dǎo)致觸電。應(yīng)采取多項(xiàng)措施來避免"重點(diǎn)四種危險(xiǎn)"，例如遵循安全工作程序、穿戴適當(dāng)?shù)膫€(gè)人防護(hù)設(shè)備以及與危險(xiǎn)設(shè)備保持安全距離。工人必須了解這些危險(xiǎn)，并學(xué)會(huì)如何避免它們，從而減少傷亡，創(chuàng)造更安全的工作環(huán)境。課123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaExtensiveReadingConstructionsiteaccidentsarecommon,butthemajorityofthetime,theyaresoeasilyavoidable.Constructioncanbeandshouldbeasafeoccupation.Workersmustbeawareofthehazardsandtakeeffectiveactiontoavoidthem.Herearesomespecificwaysforconstructionmanagersandworkerstopreventaccidentsonaconstructionsite.RecognizethehazardsandmakeaplanBeforetheexecutionofaprojectstarts,thesiteshouldbeinspectedforanyunusualhazards.Ariskassessmentcanprotecttheworkers.Aftertheriskassessmentischecked,alistofpreventivemeasuresshouldbemadeandimplemented.Itisimportanttoensurethatallworkersreceiveappropriateinformation.Howtopreventconstructionsiteaccidents譯ExtensiveReadingProvidesafetytrainingforallworkersManagersarerequiredtoeducateworkersonallworkplacesafetystandardsandthehazardsthattheymayfacewhileonthejob.Workershavetoreviewthehealthandsafetypoliciesforeachjobtheyarecalledtodoonthesite.Besides,theyshouldneverhandleoroperateanyequipmenttheyarenotqualifiedortrainedtouse.HoldfrequentcrewsafetymeetingsInsomeworkplaces,safetymeetingsshouldbehelddaily,forexample,ifhigh-riskworkisbeingdone.Workersshouldberemindedtostayfocusedandrelevantissuesshouldbeaddressed.Real-lifeandfactualsafetyinformationtendstomotivateworkersmoreeffectively.譯ExtensiveReadingUtilizeprotectiveclothingandgearWorkersshouldalwaysweartherecommendedsafetyequipmentwhileperformingtheirjobs.Suchequipmentmayincludeahardhat,high-visibilityclothing,goggles,gloves,steel-toedshoes,andaprotectivesuit.Insummer,outdoorworkersneedwide-brimhardhats,napeprotectors,andlong-sleevelightweightshirtstoprotectthemfromthesun’srays.KeeptheworkplacecleanKeepingworkareascleanandfreeofdebriswilllessenthechancesofworkers’injuriesandhelptopreventaccidentssuchasslips,trips,andfalls.Workersshouldstoretoolsandmaterialswhenthey’vefinishedajob.Walkwaysshouldalsobekeptclearofdebristopreventaccidents.譯ExtensiveReading7MaintaintheequipmentandtoolsBeforeusinganyheavyequipmentormachinery,workersmustensureitisinproperworkingorder.Toolsandmachineryshouldberegularlyinspectedandcalibrated.Brokenpartsandmalfunctioninggearcanalsocauseseriousinjuriesanddeaths.Thesehazardsshouldbeavoided.譯

Words&Phrasesexecution

n.實(shí)施；執(zhí)行implement

v.執(zhí)行；實(shí)施visibility

n.可見性；明顯性goggles

n.護(hù)目鏡brim

n.帽檐；帽邊nape

n.脖頸；項(xiàng)背lightweight

adj.（服裝或布料）輕的，薄的debris

n.廢棄物；殘?jiān)點(diǎn)alibrate

v.校準(zhǔn)（測(cè)量儀器的）刻度malfunction

v.（機(jī)器）出現(xiàn)故障，失靈PhrasesExtensiveReadingWordstakeaction采取行動(dòng)tendto易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事protectfrom保護(hù)······免受keepsthclearofsth使······清除某物課ReadingcomprehensionReadthetextandpointoutthepotentialdangersinthefollowingparagraphbasedonyourunderstandingofit.1ExtensiveReadingFrank,aconstructionworker,hadabadexperienceofworkinginanunsafeenvironmentwhereworkhadbeentoohastilystarted.Ithadbeenunbearablyhotforseveralweeks,sosomeworkersrolleduptheirsleevesandtookofftheirhardhatswhileworkingonthescaffold.Theconstructionsitewasrathermessywithtoolslikewrenchesandclampslitteringtheground.Onecementmixermadeastrangenoisewheneveritwasoperated.Frank’scolleaguewarnedhimthatsomegearsofthatmachinemightbewornout,butnooneknewexactlywhattheproblemwasbecausenoonehadcheckeditthoroughly.Fortunately,therelevantdepartmentreceivedcallscomplainingabouttheseissuesandaskedthecompanytosuspendtheprojectuntilthesafetyproblemswerefixed.DiscussionBrainstormsomeotherwaystopreventconstructionsiteaccidentswithyourpartner.2ExtensiveReading如何預(yù)防建筑工地事故課ExtensiveReading課文譯文建筑工地事故屢見不鮮，但大多數(shù)情況下，這些事故都是很容易避免的。建筑業(yè)可以也應(yīng)該是一種安全的職業(yè)。工人們必須意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)，并采取有效措施加以避免。以下是建筑管理人員和工人預(yù)防建筑工地事故的一些具體方法。識(shí)別危險(xiǎn)并制定計(jì)劃在項(xiàng)目開始實(shí)施之前，應(yīng)檢查工地是否存在異常危險(xiǎn)。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估可以保護(hù)工人。檢查完風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估后，應(yīng)制定并實(shí)施一份預(yù)防措施清單。必須確保所有工人都能獲得適當(dāng)?shù)男畔ⅰxtensiveReading課文譯文課為所有工人提供安全培訓(xùn)管理人員必須向工人講解所有工作場(chǎng)所安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及他們?cè)诠ぷ髦锌赡苊媾R的危險(xiǎn)。工人們必須檢查他們被要求在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)做的每一項(xiàng)工作的健康和安全政策。此外，他們絕不能處理或操作任何他們沒有資格使用或沒有經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的設(shè)備。經(jīng)常召開班組安全會(huì)議在某些工作場(chǎng)所，如在進(jìn)行高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)工作時(shí)，應(yīng)每天召開安全會(huì)議。應(yīng)提醒工人保持注意力集中，并討論相關(guān)問題。真實(shí)的安全信息往往能更有效地激勵(lì)工人。ExtensiveReading課文譯文課使用防護(hù)服和防護(hù)裝備工人在工作時(shí)應(yīng)始終穿戴推薦的安全裝備。這些裝備可能包括防護(hù)帽、高能見度服裝、護(hù)目鏡、手套、鋼趾鞋和防護(hù)服。在夏季，戶外工作者需要戴寬邊防護(hù)帽、頸部防護(hù)罩和輕便的長袖襯衫，以防止曬傷。保持工作場(chǎng)所清潔保持工作區(qū)域清潔、無雜物，可減少工人受傷的機(jī)會(huì)，并有助于防止滑倒、絆倒和跌倒等事故。工作結(jié)束后，工人應(yīng)將工具和材料存放好。人行道上也應(yīng)保持無雜物，以防發(fā)生意外。ExtensiveReading課文譯文課維護(hù)設(shè)備和工具在使用任何重型設(shè)備或機(jī)械之前，工人必須確保其處于正常工作狀態(tài)。應(yīng)定期檢查和校準(zhǔn)工具和機(jī)械。破損的零件和失靈的設(shè)備也會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的人員傷亡。應(yīng)避免這些危險(xiǎn)。123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaExtraKnowledgeReadthefollowingstepstobetakenafteranaccidentonaconstructionsite.Discusswithyourpartnerhowtoestablishareliableaccidenthandlingsystem.1GetmedicalcareThefirstimportantsteptofollowafteraworksiteinjuryistocheckandtreattheinjuredperson.Eveniftheinjuryseemsminor,amedicalprofessionalshoulddiagnosetheinjurybeforetheinjuredpersonattemptstoreturntowork.2Takenoteofwhere,whenandhowtheaccidentoccurredIftheinjuredpersonisphysicallycapable,makesuretorecordthesignificantaspectsoftheaccident,includingthetime,placeandpotentialcause.Theserecordsmaybeusedlaterasevidence.3ReporttheinjuryTheinjuredpersonshouldreporttohisorhersupervisorthedetailsoftheaccidentassoonaspossible.Makesuretorecordthenameandpositionofthepersonwhoistoreceivethereportandthedatewhenthereportissubmitted.4PreserveanyaccidentevidencethatmaybeneededPhotosshouldbetakenoftheinjuredperson’sinjuries,thelocationwheretheaccidenthappenedandtheequipmentortoolsinvolved.Trytopreserveasmuchevidenceaspossible.5Securemedicalreports,documentsandimagesWhengettingmedicalcarefortheinjuredperson,makesurethatallinjuriesarewelldocumented,clearlyrecordedandeasilyaccessible.6ContactanexperiencedlawyerForcasesofinjury,it’sadvisedthattheinjuredpersonsecureastrongclaimforcompensationbenefitsorpersonalinjurydamages,andretainlegalrepresentationtohelpbuildandstreamlinetheclaim.123456WarmingUpPracticalReadingIntensiveReadingExtensiveReadingExtraKnowledgeReadingintoChinaReadingintoChinaInancientChina,peoplebuiltwoodenbuildingstoliveandsurvivenaturaldisasters.Theirdes