初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(精講+精練)

PAGEPAGE5被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義

一、語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)比較語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①am\is\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V.p.p)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will\begoingto\be(about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V.p.p)一般過(guò)去時(shí)①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V.p.p)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+being+done(V.p.p)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+being+done(V.p.p)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have\has+done(V.p.p.)have\has+been+done(V.p.p)過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+done(V.p.p.)had+been+done(V.p.p.)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done(V.p.p.)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should+V.would/shouldbe+done(V.p.p.)二、變被動(dòng)句步驟1、把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)2、把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過(guò)去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4、其它的成分（定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)）不變。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主：Webelievehim.被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被：Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主：Maryismakingadoll.被：AdollisbeingmadebyMary.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主：Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被：Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主：Hehasreceivedtheletter.被：Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：主：Theyhadbuilttenbridges.被：Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem.三、一般用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Thenewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.四、特殊用法1.不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：happen,breakdown,comeoutWhatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：write,sell,rideThispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上“to”。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)（物）作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.五、帶雙賓語(yǔ)\o"編輯本段"在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有些動(dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)。在這種情況下，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面；直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO→IO+bedone+DO→DO+bedone+prep.+IOg.1)Myunclegaveme

agiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgiven

agiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.→It

isoftenheardfromhim

toplayguitar.六、新興形式\o"編輯本段"Get+過(guò)去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而不是動(dòng)作本身。如：Themangothurtonhiswayhome.那個(gè)男人在回家的路上受傷了。Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？Get+過(guò)去分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是一種新興的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式；相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)它的使用還沒(méi)有Be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)那么廣泛，一般限于口語(yǔ)和非正式書(shū)面語(yǔ)；但它卻有著用得愈來(lái)愈多的趨勢(shì)，是一種生氣蓬勃的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。七、特別提醒\o"編輯本段"有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上“to”。Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.needdoingsomething也表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.

Heoftenhelpshisbrother.

2.

PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.

3.

Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.

4.

Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.

5.

Heaskedmetoworkonthefarmwithhim.

6.

Myfatherismendingmybike.

7.

Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine.

8.

We’regoingtoholdameetingthisafternoon.

9.Hismotherhadtoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.10.Theyshoulddoitatonce.二、單選()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebui