2022-2023學(xué)年天津市西青區(qū)張家窩中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（解析版）

天津市西青區(qū)張窩中學(xué)2022-2023年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷第I卷(選擇題)一、單選題(本大題共25小題，共25.0分)1.Wearevery_______ofwhatyouhavedonetohelpusoutofthetrouble.A.regretful B.embarrassed C.appreciative D.delighted【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們非常感謝你為幫助我們擺脫困境所做的一切。A.regretful后悔的；B.embarrassed窘迫的；C.appreciative感激的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)“whatyouhavedonetohelpusoutofthetrouble”可知，“你”有幫助“我們”擺脫困境，因此appreciative“感激的”符合語境，構(gòu)成固定短語beappreciativeof，意為“對……表示感激”，表示對此很感激。故選C。2.Weregret________youthatthebookyouneedisnotavailableatthemomentinthislibrary.A.havingtold B.telling C.totell D.tohavetold【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們很遺憾地告訴你，你需要的書目前在這個圖書館里沒有。regrettodosth：遺憾要做某事，regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事；根據(jù)句意的需要，此處表示的不是“后悔告訴了你”，而是“遺憾地要告訴你”。故選C項。3.Manyyoungpartymembershavebeen_______toworkinthevillagestopromoteeconomy.A.deserved B.guaranteed C.assigned D.concluded【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多年輕黨員被分配到鄉(xiāng)村工作來振興經(jīng)濟。A.deserved值得；B.guaranteed保證；C.assigned分配；D.concluded得出結(jié)論。根據(jù)“toworkinthevillages”可推知，assigned“分配”符合語境，assignsb.todosth.是固定短語，意為“分配某人做某事”，句中為被動式，表示年輕黨員被分配到鄉(xiāng)村工作。故選C。4.—WhatmadeMarysoupsettoday?—________.A.Becauseshelosthernewbicycle B.SincehernewbicyclewaslostC.Losinghernewbicycle D.Withhernewbicyclelost【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：——瑪麗今天怎么這么心煩意亂？——丟了她的新自行車。A.Becauseshelosthernewbicycle因為她丟了她的新自行車；B.Sincehernewbicyclewaslost因為她的新自行車丟了；C.Losinghernewbicycle丟了她的新自行車；D.Withhernewbicyclelost她的新自行車丟了。分析句子，根據(jù)前文的提問，回答的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該等同于what的成份，what在句中作主語，故使用動名詞作主語。A和B選項為句子，D選項為介詞短語，三個選項都不能作主語。故只有C符合題意。故選C。5.Allthepassengersareaskedtoremain_______whentheplaneislanding.A.seated B.toseat C.seating D.seat【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：飛機降落時，所有乘客都被要求一直坐著。分析句子可知，remain為系動詞，后面缺少表語，seated，表示“就座的，坐下來的”，形容詞作表語。故選A。6.Thepurposeoftheprojectwas_______thetrafficconditioninthiscity.A.havingimproved B.tohaveimprovedC.toimprove D.howtoimprove【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這項計劃的目的是改善城市的交通。分析語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少表語，主語是purpose，應(yīng)用不定式作表語，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。故選C。7.Asaconsequenceofthepandemic，theGDPofthatcountry_______by20%comparedwith2019.A.contrasted B.declined C.defeated D.deserved【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于大流行病，該國的GDP比2019年降低了20%。A.contrasted對比，比較；B.declined下降；C.defeated戰(zhàn)勝，打??；D.deserved值得。結(jié)合句意分析可知，流行病的盛行使得經(jīng)濟不景氣，因此GDP是呈“下降”趨勢。故選B項。8.SeeingJohnrushintotheroomwithtearsinhiseyes,Iaskedhim________.A.whatwouldhappen B.whathappened C.whattohappen D.whathadhappened【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句和過去完成時。句意：看到約翰眼里含著淚水沖進房間，我問他發(fā)生了什么事。分析句子，設(shè)空處用what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，同時happen該動作發(fā)生在ask之前，主語asked為一般過去時，故從句表示的是動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，即使用過去完成時，應(yīng)用haddone。故選D。9.Adecisionhasbeenmade_______atemporarybridgeacrosstheriverbeforethepermanentbridgeisfinished.A.infavourof B.inreturnfor C.incontrolof D.inhonourof【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在永久性的橋修好之前建一座臨時橋的決定已經(jīng)通過。A.infavourof贊成，支持；B.inreturnfor替換；C.incontrolof控制；D.inhonourof為紀念。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，“atemporarybridgeacrosstheriverbeforethepermanentbridgeisfinished”作后置定語，修飾名詞decision，表示“在永久性的橋修好之前建一座臨時橋的決定”，用介詞短語infavourof作后置定語。故填A(yù)項。10.—IbelievethatTomwillpassthedrivingtestthistime.—Absolutely.He_______forthetestforthelastthreeweeks.A.prepared B.willprepareC.hasbeenpreparing D.hasprepared【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：——我相信湯姆這次會通過駕駛考試的?！?dāng)然。過去三周他一直在為考試做準備。根據(jù)“Tomwillpassthedrivingtestthistime”和時間狀語“forthelastthreeweeks”可知，此處表示prepare“準備”的行為從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且很有可能持續(xù)下去，因此時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，空處應(yīng)用hasbeenpreparing。故選C。11.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.Toabsorb B.TobeabsorbedC.Absorbed D.Absorbing【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：全神貫注于繪畫中，約翰沒有注意到晚上到了。短語beabsorbedin全神貫注于，在句中作狀語，省略be動詞，故選C?！军c睛】本題考查的非謂語動詞為高中重點語法之一。在分析題目的時候，首先要抓住非謂語動詞所對應(yīng)的邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語之后，再分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系，最后根據(jù)句意選擇正確的答案。12.SomescientistshaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimto________histheoryofgravity.A.liveupto B.putupwithC.lookupto D.comeupwith【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查短語詞義辨析。句意：一些科學(xué)家甚至也懷疑過牛頓的故事：一個蘋果掉下來砸中了牛頓的腦袋，促使他提出了萬有引力定律。A.liveupto達到；滿足；B.putupwith忍受；C.lookupto仰慕；尊敬；D.comeupwith提出。根據(jù)句中histheoryofgravity，可知此處指提出理論。選項D符合題意，故選D。13.（2015·天津）Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.A.where B.whichC.when D.who【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。故選A?！久麕燑c睛】本題考查定語從句。定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需要牢牢抓住兩點：第一、找準先行詞。第二、看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。14.—JackrefusedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.—________?AsfarasIknow,heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.Sowhat B.Howcome C.Whynot D.Whatfor【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際。句意：——我有麻煩的時候杰克拒絕幫助我。——-怎么會呢？據(jù)我所知，他總是樂于助人。A.Sowhat那又怎樣？B.Howcome怎么會呢？C.Whynot為什么不呢？D.Whatfor為什么（目的）。根據(jù)下文中“heisalwaysreadytohelpothers”可知，此處表示聽話人對說話者的描述不相信，結(jié)合選項，選項B符合題意，故選B。15.Itremains______howmanyseniorcitizenswillactuallybenefitfromthisnewplan.A.tosee B.beingseen C.seen D.tobeseen【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有多少老年人能從這個新計劃中真正受益還有待觀察。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處接在remains后作表語，應(yīng)用不定式表將要發(fā)生的動作，并且不定式和它的邏輯主語之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B16.WhenTracywastoldherson'sillnesscouldbecured,sheleftthehospital

.A.inpeace B.insurpriseC.inrelief D.intime【答案】C【解析】【分析】考查介詞短語的用法。句意：當(dāng)Tracy被告知兒子的病能夠被治好時，她如釋重負地離開了醫(yī)院。inpeace和平地，安靜地；insurprise驚奇地；inrelief如釋重負，松了一口氣；intime及時。根據(jù)句意，得知兒子的病能夠治好，應(yīng)該是松了一口氣，故選C?！久麕燑c睛】介詞短語也是高考的熱點，需要考生平時多積累，注意它們的用法及區(qū)別。即學(xué)即練：Allthevillagerslivetogether.A．inpeaceB．insurpriseC．intimeD．inrelief解析：A句意：所有村民都和睦相處?！驹斀狻?7.Withtheirdaughter________themwithfoodandclothes,theoldcouplearelivingahappylife.A.providing B.provided C.toprovide D.provide【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有了女兒提供的衣食，這對老夫婦過著幸福的生活。A.providing提供（現(xiàn)在分詞）；B.provided提供（過去分詞）；C.toprovide提供（動詞不定式）；D.provide提供（動詞原形）。分析可知，“Withtheirdaughter________themwithfoodandclothes”為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，所選動詞“provide”與邏輯主語“theirdaughter”之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選A項。18.Nowadays,itishardtoimaginelifewithout______toelectricityinsomeremoteareas.A.access B.use C.approach D.way【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，很難想象在一些偏遠地區(qū)沒有電的生活。A.access機會，使用權(quán)；B.use利用，用途；C.approach靠近，方式；D.way方式，方法。分析可知，所選名詞應(yīng)與空前“without”和空后“to”構(gòu)成固定短語，結(jié)合語境“without______toelectricityinsomeremoteareas”可知，應(yīng)是表達“偏遠地區(qū)沒有電”的生活，“withoutaccessto”意為“享用不到”。故選A項。19.—Hi,Bob,areyouallright?__________—Well,Ijusthadaterriblequarrelwithmybestfriend.A.Doyouthinkso? B.Don’tmentionit.CWhyareyousoupset? D.Notatall.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際。句意：——你好，鮑勃，你還好嗎？你為什么這么不高興呢？——唉，我剛和我最好的朋友吵架了。A.Doyouthinkso你這么認為嗎；B.Don’tmentionit別客氣；C.Whyareyousoupset你為什么這么不高興；D.Notatall一點也不。根據(jù)回答中的“Ijusthadaterriblequarrelwithmybestfriend”可知，回答者在說明自己和最好的朋友吵架了，因此“Whyareyousoupset(你為什么這么不高興)”符合情境，回答者是對提問者的疑問進行回答。故選C。20.It’simportantforyourcomputersoftware_______regularly.A.tohaveupdated B.tobeupdatedC.toupdate D.tohavebeenupdated【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：定期更新計算機軟件很重要。選項動詞update與前面名詞computersoftware構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，動詞還未做，句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：itisadj.forsth.tobedone表示對某事進行評論，用tobeupdated，符合題意。故選B項。21.Ifyoudon’thavemuchexperienceandwantto________anemployer’seye,thenyourresume(簡歷)shouldfocusonyourhardskillsandeducation.A.catch B.hold C.take D.grasp【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你沒有太多的經(jīng)驗，而又想要吸引雇主的眼球，那么你的簡歷應(yīng)該著重于你的硬技能和教育背景。A.catch抓住、趕上；B.hold舉行、舉辦；C.take拿、??；D.grasp抓牢。分析句子可知，這里考查catchone’seyes，表“引人注目”，為固定搭配。故選A項。22.---Idon’tthinkIwillwinalotteryof5,000,000dollarsinallmylife.---Well,___________.Everythingcanhappen.A.Youcannevertell B.You’rekiddingC.Whatyousay D.Youmadeit【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際及習(xí)慣表達。句意：——我認為我這輩子不可能中五百萬彩票?！茈y說。一切都有可能發(fā)生。A.Youcannevertell很難說，一切都有可能發(fā)生；B.You’rekidding你開玩笑吧；C.Whatyousay你說什么；D.Youmadeit你能做到的。根據(jù)Everythingcanhappen.可知這里意思是“很難說”。故選A項。23.TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteam’sperseverance________withanepiccomebackagainstthedefendingchampionBrailinthequarter-finals.A.workedout B.carriedon C.paidoff D.aimedhigh【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：在四分之一決賽中，中國女排以史詩般的逆轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)勝了衛(wèi)冕冠軍巴西。A.workedout制定（處），產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；B.carriedon繼續(xù)進行；C.paidoff還清，取得成功，得到好結(jié)果；D.aimedhigh力爭上游。根據(jù)“againstthedefendingchampionBrailinthequarter-finals.”，此處應(yīng)為“取得成功”。故選C項。24.StephenCurryhasbeeninspiringpeopletovaluethefact______onecanworkeverysingledaytogetbetter.A.sothat B.which C.where D.that【答案】D【解析】【分析】【詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：斯蒂芬·柯里一直在激勵人們重視這樣一個事實，即人們可以每天工作以求更好。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明thefact，從句句意完整，成分齊全，用連接詞that，不做成分，無詞義，僅起引導(dǎo)作用。sothat以便于，引導(dǎo)狀語從句；which哪一個；where在哪里，不符合句意，故選D。【點睛】25.Inthisway,_______dayinanddayouthelpedStephensharpenhisskills.A.hepractised B.practisingC.havingpractised D.practises【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：就這樣，日復(fù)一日的練習(xí)幫助斯蒂芬提高了他的技能。分析句子可知，句中缺少主語，可用動名詞短語practisingdayinanddayout作主語，C項是動名詞完成式，強調(diào)practise發(fā)生在helped之前，不符合語境。故選B。二、閱讀理解(本大題共20小題，共50.0分)AGuidetoStockholmUniversityLibraryOurlibraryoffersdifferenttypesofstudyingplacesandprovidesagoodstudyingenvironment.ZonesThelibraryisdividedintodifferentzones.Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.Thereadingplacesconsistmostlyoftablesandchairs.Thegroundflooristhezonewhereyoucantalk.Hereyoucanfindsofasandarmchairsforgroupwork.ComputersYoucanuseyourowncomputertoconnecttothewi-fispeciallypreparedfornotebookcomputers;youcanalsouselibrarycomputers;whichcontainthemostcommonlyusedapplications,suchasMicrosoftOffice.TheyaresituatedintheareaknownastheExperimentalFieldonthegroundfloor.Group-studyPlacesIfyouwanttodiscussfreelywithoutdisturbingothers,youcanbookastudyroomorsitatatableonthegroundfloor.Somestudyroomsarefor2-3peopleandotherscanholdupto6-8people.Allroomsaremarkedonthelibrarymaps.Thereare40group-studyroomsthatmustbebookedviathewebsite.Tobook,youneedanactiveUniversityaccountandavalidUniversitycard.Youcanusearoomthreehoursperday,ninehoursatmostperweek.StorageofStudyMaterialThelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorecourseliterature.Whenyouhaveobtainedatleast40credits(學(xué)分),youmayrentalockerandpay400SEKforayear’srentalperiod.RulestobeFollowedMobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyouwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceivecalls.Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrarybutyouareallowedtohavedrinksandsweetswithyou.26.Thelibrary’supperfloorismainlyforstudentsto________.A.readinaquietplaceB.havegroupdiscussionsC.takecomfortableseatsD.gettheircomputersfixed27.Librarycomputersonthegroundfloor________.A.helpstudentswiththeirfieldexperimentsB.containsoftwareessentialforschoolworkC.areforthosewhowanttoaccessthewi-fiD.aremostlyusedforfillingoutapplicationforms28.Whatconditionshouldbemettobookagroup-studyroom?A.Agroupmustconsistof8people.B.Three-houruseperdayistheminimum.C.Oneshouldfirstregisterattheuniversity.D.Applicantsmustmarktheroomonthemap.29.Astudentcanrentalockerinthelibraryifhe________.A.canaffordtherentalfeeB.attendscertaincoursesC.hasnowheretoputhisbooksD.hasearnedtherequiredcredits30.WhatshouldNOTbebroughtintothelibrary?A.Mobilephones. B.Orangejuice.C.Candy. D.Sandwiches.【答案】26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了斯德哥爾摩大學(xué)圖書館的不同區(qū)域、圖書館的電腦、小組學(xué)習(xí)地點、學(xué)習(xí)材料的存放和需要遵守的規(guī)定?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。聯(lián)系文章Zones部分中的“Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading(樓上是一個安靜的區(qū)域，有超過1000個安靜閱讀的地方)”可知，圖書館的上層主要是供學(xué)生在一個安靜的地方閱讀，故選A?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。從文章Computers部分中的“youcanalsouselibrarycomputers,whichcontainthemostcommonlyusedapplications,suchasMicrosoftOffice.(你也可以使用圖書館的電腦；其中包含最常用的應(yīng)用程序，如MicrosoftOffice。)”可知，圖書館一樓的電腦里裝有學(xué)習(xí)必備的軟件，故選B?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。從文章Group-studyPlaces部分中的“Tobook,youneedanactiveUniversityaccountandavalidUniversitycard.(預(yù)訂時，你需要一個活躍的大學(xué)賬戶和一個有效的大學(xué)卡。)”可知，要想在這里預(yù)訂房間，就是首先要在大學(xué)進行注冊。故選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。聯(lián)系文章StorageofStudyMaterial部分中的“Whenyouhaveobtainedatleast40credits(學(xué)分),youmayrentalockerandpay400SEKforayear’srentalperiod.(當(dāng)你獲得了至少40個積分，你可以租一個儲物柜，并支付400SEK一年的租期。)”可知，如果學(xué)生已經(jīng)獲得了要求的學(xué)分，他可以在圖書館租一個儲物柜，故選D。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。從文章RulestobeFollowed部分中“Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrary(請注意，圖書館內(nèi)禁止攜帶食物和水果)”可知，食物sandwiches“三明治”是不能帶進圖書館的。根據(jù)此部分中的“Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.Keepyourphoneonsilentasifyouwereinalectureandexitthelibraryifyouneedtoreceivecalls.(圖書館內(nèi)不允許用手機交談。把手機調(diào)成靜音，就像在上課一樣，如果需要接電話，就離開圖書館。)”可知，在圖書館內(nèi)是不能打電話的，但是可以帶著手機，把手機調(diào)至靜音，故排除A項。而B項和C項屬于飲料和糖果，是可以帶入圖書館的，故也被排除。故選D。BInthekitchenofmymother’shousestherehasalwaysbeenawoodenstand（木架）withasmallnotepad（記事本）andaholeforapencil.I’mlookingforpaperonwhichtonotedownthenameofabookIamrecommendingtomymother.Overfortyyearssincemyearliestmemoriesofthekitchenpadandpencil,fivehouseslater,thecurrentpaperandpencillookthesameastheyalwaysdid.Surelyitcan’tbethesamepencil?Thepadismoremodern,butthewoodenstandisdefinitelytheoriginalone.“I’mjustamazedyoustillhavethesamestandforholdingthepadandpencilafteralltheseyear.”Isaytoher,walkingbankintotheliving-roomwithasheetofpaperandthepencil.“Youstilluseapencil.Can’tyouaffordapen?”Mymotherrepliesalittlesharply.“Itworksperfectlywell.I’vealwayskeptthestandinthekitchen.IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea,andIwasalwaysinthekitcheninthesedays.”ImmediatelyIcanpictureher,hairwild,bluehousecoatcoveredinflour,awoodenspooninonehand,thepencilintheother,hermouthmovingsilently.Mymothersmilesandsays,“OnedayIwascookingandwatchingbabyPauline,andIhadabrilliantthought,butthestandwasempty.Oneofthechildrenmusthavetakenthepaper.SoIjustpickedupthebreadboardandwroteitalldownontheback.ItturnedouttobearealbreakthroughforsolvingthemathematicalproblemIwasworkingon.”Thisstory—whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andis,asagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenoughchild-freetimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchenandturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone,aresomepenciledmarksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible（看不到的）exhibitsateverymeal.31.Whyhastheauthor’smotheralwayskeptthenotepadandpencilinthekitchen?A.Toleavemessages. B.Tolisthereverydaytasks.CTonotedownmathsproblems. D.Towritedownaflashofinspiration.32.Whatistheauthor’soriginalopinionaboutthewoodenstand?A.Ithasgreatvalueforthefamily.B.Itneedstobereplacedbyabetterone.C.Itbringsherbacktoherlonelychildhood.D.Itshouldbepassedontothenextgeneration.33.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor_______.A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheralotoftrouble.C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Themotherissuccessfulinhercareer.B.Thefamilymembersliketraveling.C.Theauthorhadlittletimetoplaywhenyoung.D.Themarksonthebreadboardhavedisappeared.35.Inthauthor’smind,hermotheris_________.A.strangeinbehavior. B.keenonherresearch.C.fondofcollectingoldthings. D.carelessaboutherappearance.【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者媽媽的廚房里總是放著一個記事本架子和一支鉛筆。我很不解為什么她到現(xiàn)在還保持用鉛筆的習(xí)慣。母親向作者講述了保持用鉛筆的習(xí)慣原因。作者后悔沒能像母親那樣利用自己的時間?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea可知，母親不知道什么時候就會該記下自己的一個想法。所以為什么作者的母親總是把記事本和鉛筆放在廚房里是因為它們是母親用來記錄下自己突然的靈感的工具。故選D。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段I'mjustamazedyoustillhavethesamestandforholdingthepadandpencilafteralltheseyears可知，作者只是很驚訝，這么多年過去了，母親還用著記事本和鉛筆。所以判斷出，作者對母親一直用很早以前的工具不解，認為她早就應(yīng)該換更好的了。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Thisstory—whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andis,asagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothavingenoughchild-freetimetowork可知，這個故事——發(fā)生在作者出生之前——讓作者想起了自己的母親是一個多么非凡的有天賦的數(shù)學(xué)家。作者感到很尷尬，因為作者抱怨沒有足夠的時間工作。所以判斷出作者后悔沒能像母親那樣利用自己的時間。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Thisstory—whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymotherwas,andis,asagiftedmathematician可知，母親是一個有天賦的數(shù)學(xué)家。所以從最后一段推斷出出這位母親事業(yè)有成。故選A【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“OnedayIwascookingandwatchingbabyPauline,andIhadabrilliantthought,butthestandwasempty.SoIjustpickedupthebreadboardandwroteitalldownontheback.ItturnedouttobearealbreakthroughforsolvingthemathematicalproblemIwasworkingon.”可知，有一天母親一邊做飯一遍看小波林，母親有一個很棒的想法，但是沒有任何地方可以記錄。所以母親拿起面板，把它的想法寫在了背面。事實證明，這是解決母親正在研究的數(shù)學(xué)問題的真正突破。所以判斷出作者的母親很熱衷于自己的研究。故選B。CThereisanoldChineseproverbthatstates“Onegenerationplantsthetrees;anothergetstheshade,”andthisishowitshouldbewithmothersanddaughters.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughterissometimesconfusing.Therelationshipcanbesimilartofriendship.However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.Thesecharacteristicsincludeahierarchy(等級)ofresponsibilitiesandunconditionallove,whichprecludemothersanddaughtersfrombeingbestfriends.Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn’tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon’tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon’tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriendsdon’ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”Thisdoesn’tmeanthatthemotheranddaughterrelationshipcan’tbeverycloseandsatisfying.Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceofworkandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.Bestfriendsmayormaynotcontinuetobebestfriends,butforbetterorworse,themotheranddaughterrelationshipispermanent,evenifforsomeunfortunatereasontheyaren’tspeaking.Sometimesthisisnotanequalrelationship.Daughtersdon’talwaysfeelresponsiblefortheirmother’semotionalwell-being.Butmothersneverstopbeingmothers,whichincludesfrequentlywantingtoprotecttheirdaughtersandoftenfeelingresponsiblefortheirhappiness.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersalways“trump(勝過)”friends.36.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preclude”inparagraph1probablymean?A.differ. B.benefit.C.prevent. D.change.37.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarinasaid?A.Bestfriendswillnotspendmoneyonherwedding.B.Bestfriendswillnotremindherofimportantissuesinlife.C.Hermotheriswiseronaccountofherage.D.Hermotherisanythingbutherbestfriend.38.Whycanamotherandadaughterbuildacloserrelationship?A.Becausetheyshareadvancedtechnologywitheachother.B.Becausetheyworktogethertosupportthewholefamily.C.Becausetheyexperiencethesamevaluesandtraditions.D.Becausetheyhavecommonexperienceinlifeandwork.39.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipcanbereplacedbyabestfriend.B.Amother’slovebringsherandherdaughteraclosefriendship.C.Marinahasatroubledrelationshipwithhermother.D.Themotheranddaughterrelationshipgoesbeyondbestfriendship.40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtobuildagoodmotheranddaughterrelationship.B.Amother-daughterrelationshipisirreplaceable.C.Motherswanttobedaughters’friends.D.Adaughterisamother’sbestfriend.【答案】36.C37.D38.D39.D40.B【解析】【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了“母女關(guān)系”，認為母女關(guān)系獨具特點，不同于友誼，母親與女兒不可能成為最好的朋友。作者認為，母女之間有許多共同之處，但是，友誼可能不再，母女關(guān)系永存、不可替代。友誼是雙向的，但是母親永遠希望保護女兒、為女兒負責(zé)，女兒卻不必為母親的幸福承擔(dān)責(zé)任。【36題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句前的However,themotheranddaughterrelationshiphasuniquecharacteristicsthatdistinguishitfromafriendship.（然而，母女關(guān)系有其獨特的特點，使之有別于友誼），劃線詞所在句是對前句的解釋，即為什么母女關(guān)系有別于友誼；劃線詞所在句指出“責(zé)任等級和無條件的愛”使母親和女兒無法成為最好的朋友。由此推知，劃線詞意為“妨礙，阻止”。故選C。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Marina,27yearsold,said,“Ilovespendingtimewithmymom,butIwouldn’tconsiderhermybestfriend.Bestfriendsdon’tpayforyourwedding.Bestfriendsdon’tremindyouhowtheycarriedyouintheirbodyandgaveyoulife!Bestfriendsdon’ttellyouhowwisetheyarebecausetheyhavebeenaliveatleast20yearslongerthanyou.”（27歲的瑪麗娜說：“我喜歡和媽媽在一起，但我不會把她當(dāng)成我最好的朋友。最好的朋友不會為你的婚禮買單。最好的朋友不會提醒你他們是如何用他們的身體帶給你生命的!最好的朋友不會告訴你他們有多聰明，因為他們比你至少多活了20年。”）可知，瑪麗娜認為母親除了不是她最好的朋友，母親是她的一切。故選D?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Thisgenerationofmothersandadultdaughtershasalotincommon,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofsharedcompanionship.Mothersanddaughtershavealwayssharedthecommonexperienceofbeinghomemakers,responsibleformaintainingandpassingonfamilyvaluesandtraditions.Todaycontemporarymothersanddaughtersalsosharetheexperienceofworkandtechnology,whichmaybringthemevenclosertogether.（這一代母親和成年女兒有很多共同之處，這增加了她們共享友誼的可能性。母親和女兒都有共同的經(jīng)歷，她們都是家庭主婦，負責(zé)維護和傳承家庭價值觀和傳統(tǒng)。今天，當(dāng)代的母親和女兒們也分享工作和技術(shù)的經(jīng)驗，這可能會使她們更加親密）可知，母親和女兒可以建立更親密的關(guān)系，因為她們在生活和工作中有共同的經(jīng)驗。故選D。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Mothersalways“trump(勝過)”friends.（母親總是勝過朋友）及上文的論述可知，母女關(guān)系超越了最好的友誼。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后兩句話Themotheranddaughterrelationshipisarelationshipthatisnotreplaceablebyanyother.Mothersalways“trump(勝過)”friends.（母女關(guān)系是其他任何關(guān)系都無法替代的關(guān)系。母親總是“勝過”朋友）可知，文論證的是母女關(guān)系不同于朋友關(guān)系但超越朋友關(guān)系，母女關(guān)系是其他任何關(guān)系都無法替代的關(guān)系。故選B。DOneofthebiggesticebergs(冰山)everrecordedhasjustbrokenawayfromAntarctica.Thegiantblockcoversanareaofabout6,000sqkm;that’saboutaquarterthesizeofWales,partoftheUnitedKingdom.AUSsatelliteobserved(觀察)thebergwhilepassingoveranareaknownastheLarsenCIceShelf(冰架).Researchers,who’dbeenfollowingthedevelopmentofalargecrack(裂縫)inLarsen’siceformorethanadecade,wereexpectingit.Thecrack’sexpansionhadacceleratedsince2014,makinganupcomingcalving(分離)evermorelikely.Thethickbergwillnotmoveveryfar,veryfastintheshortterm.Butitwillneedtobemonitored(監(jiān)視).CurrentsandwindsmighteventuallypushitnorthoftheAntarcticwhereitcouldbecomeaseriousthreattoshipping.TheAmericanspaceagency’sAquasatellitenoticedclearwaterinthecrackbetweentheshelfandtheberg.Thewateriswarmerrelativetothesurroundingiceandair.TheeventwasconfirmedbyotherspacecraftsuchasEurope’sSentinel-1satellite-radarsystem.ThenewLarsenbergisprobablyinthetop10biggesteverrecorded.ThelargestobservedinthesatelliteerawasanobjectcalledB-15.ItcameawayfromtheRossIceShelfin2000andmeasuredsome11,000sqkm.Sixeyearslater,partsofthissuper-bergstillexistedandpassedbyNewZealand.In1956,itwasreportedthataUSNavyicebreakerhadmetwithanobjectofroughly32,000sqkm.That’sbiggerthanBelgium.Unfortunately,therewerenosatellitesatthetimetofollowupandconfirmtheobservation.TheLarsenCIceShelfhasbeenknowntoproducebiggerbergs.Anobjectmeasuringsome9,000sqkmcameawayin1986.ManyofLarsen’sbergscanentertheWeddellseaorcanfollowcurrentsintotheSouthernOcean,andevenintotheSouthAtlantic.AgoodnumberofbergsfromthisshelfcanendupbeingcaughtontheshallowcontinentalshelfaroundtheBritishoverseasareaofSouthGeorgiawheretheygraduallyfadeaway.41.HowdidresearchersviewtheappearanceofthenewLarsenberg?A.Itneededtobeconfirmed.B.Itwassmallerthanexpected.C.Itcameasnosurprise.D.Itwasformedwithinaveryshorttime.42.Whatwillresearchersmostprobablydonext?A.Studythesatellite-radarsystem.B.Keepacloseeyeonthenewiceberg.C.Trytofindthecauseofthecalving.D.Focusontheclearwaterinthecrack.43.HowwasB-15differentfromtheicebergdiscoveredin1956?A.B-15wasmuchbigger.B.B-15wasdiscoveredearlier.C.B-15wasnoticedbythesatelliteD.B-15wasfoundedbyanavyicebreaker.44.Whydoestheauthormentiontheicebergformedin1986?A.TogiveanexampleofLarsen’sbergs.B.Tocompareitwiththenewberg.C.ToshowwhereLarsen’sbergsoftengo.D.ToexplainwhyLarsenproducesbigbergs.45.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thesecretbehindthephenomenonofcalving.B.LarsenCIceShelfneedsmoreattention.C.Someofthebiggestbergseverrecorded.D.GianticebergbreaksawayfromAntarctica.【答案】41.C42.B43.C44.A45.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了自然現(xiàn)象——巨大的冰山脫離了南極洲?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Researchers,who’dbeenfollowingthedevelopmentofalargecrack(裂縫)inLarsen’siceformorethanadecade,wereexpectingit.”（十多年來，研究人員一直在跟蹤拉森冰川上的一條大裂縫的發(fā)展，他們預(yù)計會出現(xiàn)這種情況）可知，研究人員認為Larsenberg的出現(xiàn)并不令人意外，故選C。【42題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thethickbergwillnotmoveveryfar,veryfastintheshortterm.Butitwillneedtobemonitored(監(jiān)視).”（短時間內(nèi)，厚冰山不會移動得很遠，也不會移動得很快。但它需要被監(jiān)控）可知，研究人員接下來最有可能密切關(guān)注新冰山，故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThelargestobservedinthesatelliteerawasanobjectcalledB-15.（衛(wèi)星時代觀測到的最大天體是一個叫做B-15）”和“In1956,itwasreportedthataUSNavyicebreakerhadmetwithanobjectofroughly32,000sqkm.That’sbiggerthanBelgium.Unfortunately,therewerenosatellitesatthetimetofollowupandconfirmtheobservation.”（1956年，據(jù)報道，一艘美國海軍破冰船遇到了一個面積約32000平方公里的物體。比比利時還大。不幸的是，當(dāng)時沒有衛(wèi)星跟蹤和確認觀測結(jié)果）可知，B-15和1956發(fā)現(xiàn)的的冰川的不同之處，B-15被衛(wèi)星記錄下來了。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Anobjectmeasuringsome9,000sqkmcameawayin1986.ManyofLarsen’sbergscanentertheWeddellseaorcanfollowcurrentsintotheSouthernOcean,andevenintotheSouthAtlantic.AgoodnumberofbergsfromthisshelfcanendupbeingcaughtontheshallowcontinentalshelfaroundtheBritishoverseasareaofSouthGeorgiawheretheygraduallyfadeaway.”（1986年，一個面積約9000平方公里的物體消失了。許多拉森冰山可以進入威德爾海，或者跟隨洋流進入南大洋，甚至進入南大西洋。這個大陸架上的大量冰山最終會在英國海外地區(qū)南喬治亞附近的淺海大陸架上被捕獲，在那里它們會逐漸消失）可推知，此處提到1986年形成的冰川是因為它是大型冰川消失的一個例子，故選A。【45題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段中心句“Oneofthebiggesticebe