2024版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題板塊4第1講并列句和狀語從句課件新人教版

語法專題板塊四至關(guān)重要的句式——并列句、三大從句和特殊句式第1講并列句和狀語從句剖析考點(diǎn)·語法突破01考點(diǎn)1并列連詞1．表示并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系的并列連詞：and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellas。LastMarch,myfatherturned90yearsold．Asusual,Iplannedabirthdaypartyforhim,andthispartywasthebiggestandthebest!去年三月，我父親90歲了。像往常一樣，我為他策劃了一個(gè)生日聚會，這次聚會是最大最好的！Notonlycanabeautifulsmilemakeourselveshappy,butalsoitenablesotherstofeeldelighted．一個(gè)燦爛的笑容不僅能使我們自己高興，而且能使他人感到愉快。2．表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞：but,yet；表示對比關(guān)系的并列連詞：while。Idon'tmindhavingalowerrank,butWangLunishardtogetalongwith．我不介意職位低，但王倫很難相處。Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganised．我從來不是一個(gè)很愛整潔的人，而我的室友凱特卻極有條理。易錯(cuò)提示but不與although/though連用，但yet,still可與although/though連用。3．表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞：or,either...or...,not...but...。Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeitherpersonallyorthroughtheircompanies．他們要么以個(gè)人的名義要么通過他們的公司給養(yǎng)老院捐錢。4．表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞：so,for(表示“由于”，一般不放在句首)。Grandpafounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail．由于爺爺?shù)囊暳﹂_始下降，他發(fā)現(xiàn)讀書越來越困難了。5．when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)，那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(1)beabouttodosth．when...“正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。(2)beonthepointofdoingsth．when...“正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。(3)bedoingsth．when...“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”。(4)haddonesth．when...“剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然……”。IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad．我正開車去倫敦，這時(shí)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯(cuò)了路。Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday．昨天她剛完成家庭作業(yè)，她媽媽就讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。一、時(shí)間狀語從句1．when,while和as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句考點(diǎn)2狀語從句when從句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生while從句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作與主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生Asitgetswarmerandwarmer,thetreesbegintocometolife．隨著天氣變得越來越暖和，樹木開始恢復(fù)生機(jī)。as從句的謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。從句的動作與主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或交替進(jìn)行，可譯為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著……”2．表示“一……就……”的連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly表示“一……就……”。Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwithjoy．我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。(2)hardly...when...,scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...表示“剛……就……”，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，than或when所在的從句用一般過去時(shí)。Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce．我剛到辦公室，妻子就打電話讓我立刻回家。3．before,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；還沒有來得及……就……”。常用句式：①Itwillbe/was＋一段時(shí)間＋before...過了……時(shí)間才……②Itwon'tbe/wasn't＋一段時(shí)間＋before...沒過多久就……Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit．在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone．如果你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會，可能需要很多年你才能再獲得一次。(2)since意為“自從……以來”，常用句式：Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句(常用一般過去時(shí))。Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．正如所報(bào)道的，清華大學(xué)建校一百多年了。4．till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句till/until用于肯定句表示“直到……為止”，其主句謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的謂語動詞必須為非延續(xù)性動詞。until可用于句首，而till不能。Wewaitedinsideuntilthingscalmeddown．我們待在室內(nèi)，直到一切都恢復(fù)了平靜。Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown．等學(xué)生們安靜下來后，她才開始上課。5．everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft．當(dāng)他到達(dá)車站時(shí)，火車已經(jīng)開走了。二、讓步狀語從句1．a(chǎn)lthough,though,as和while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(1)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可用倒裝語序，也可不倒裝；although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不倒裝；as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須用倒裝語序。Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow．雖然這些措施并不能永遠(yuǎn)有效，但它們目前是至關(guān)重要的。(2)though可用作副詞，意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，置于句末或句中。(3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能置于句首。Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure．盡管有些人被成功的欲望所激勵，但另一些人卻被失敗的恐懼所激發(fā)。(2)though可用作副詞，意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，置于句末或句中。(3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能置于句首。Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure．盡管有些人被成功的欲望所激勵，但另一些人卻被失敗的恐懼所激發(fā)。(4)as,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)采用倒裝的兩種特殊情況①如果是名詞單數(shù)或形容詞的最高級作表語，不再用冠詞。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest．他雖然是我們班年齡最小的，但他英語說得最好。②行為動詞前置時(shí)，從句主語后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情態(tài)動詞，若沒有情態(tài)動詞，則需加上一個(gè)do(does或did)。若前置的行為動詞是及物動詞，則其賓語也隨其后一并提前。Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom．盡管到處尋找，但他們在房間里找不到任何東西。2．evenif與eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，表示語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，意為“即使，即便”。Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise．蒂姆盡管不怎么鍛煉，但體形很好。3．“疑問詞＋-ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句where(what,who,whom,when,which,how)＋-ever表示“無論……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere(what,who,whom,when,which,how)。Whateveryousay,hewon'tbelieveyou．無論你說什么，他都不會相信。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat．不管你多么努力，如果不減少飯量，減肥很難。4．whether...or...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句whether...or...意為“無論……還是……”，提供兩種對比情況。Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster．所有人，無論老幼、貧富，都一直在盡力幫助災(zāi)后需要幫助的人們。三、其他狀語從句從句類型連詞條件狀語從句if,unless(＝if...not),so/aslongas(只要),onconditionthat,incase(萬一)，suppose/supposing,provided/providing原因狀語從句because,for,as,since,nowthat，consideringthat(考慮到，鑒于)從句類型連詞目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat,incase(以防)；forfearthat(以免)結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so...that...,such...that...地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,wherever方式狀語從句as(正如，正像),asif/asthough(好像)比較狀語從句than,as...as...,notas/so...as...Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficultaslongasyoukeeppractisingit．只要你不斷練習(xí)，你就不會覺得剪紙很難。Justasasinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph．正如單詞可以改變一句話的意思那樣，句子也能改變一段文字的意思。易錯(cuò)提示asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句與事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句通常用虛擬語氣：與現(xiàn)在的情況相反時(shí)，謂語用動詞過去式；與過去情況相反時(shí)，謂語用“had＋過去分詞”；與將來情況相反時(shí)，謂語用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】1．分析單詞、短語或句子的邏輯關(guān)系或句式結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)完整的句子中，如果兩個(gè)單詞或短語并列，要填并列連詞。(2)若兩個(gè)句子(兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，空格處必定填連詞。2．牢記連詞詞義并能熟練運(yùn)用是解答題目的先決條件。3．注意固定句式中的連詞。高效訓(xùn)練·跟蹤檢測02Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,___leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”．2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hehungonforafewminutes___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim．a(chǎn)ndand3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure___offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs．4．(2021·全國甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshaky________didthejob．5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig__untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum．a(chǎn)ndbut/yetorⅡ．語法填空(2023·青島模擬)Human-wildlifeconflict,referringtodirectinteractionsbetweenhumansandwildlifewithnegativeoutcomes,1．_____(cost)theglobaleconomybillionsofdollarsannually．Tomakemattersworse,itthreatshumanlivesandcausesmanyspecies2．_______(die)out．Theseconflicts3．_______(large)resultfromhumansandwildlifeseekinglimitedresourcesinthesamelandscapes4．___oftenhavemanyunexpectedconsequences．Seriousclimatecoststodielargelyandeventscanalsobringaboutrapidchangesinresourceavailability,5．_____maydrivestrongresponsesinanimalsandpeople．The6．___________(compete)betweenthetwogrowstougherasaconsequence．Droughtsinparticularhavecausedsomeofthemostvisibleconflicts．Despitethegravityoftheseconflicts,climatechangeismakinghuman-wildlifeconflictevenmoreserious．7．_______peopleandwildlifesharecrowdedspacesand8．_______(limit)resources,human-wildlifeconflictisrisinginfrequency．Manypeople,however,whichcompetitionBecauselimitedstillhaven'treallyrealised9．___complexandseveretheproblemis．Therefore,toprotectwildlifeandhumansalike,itisvitalthatawiderangeofresearchandinstitutionsshouldconsidertheroleofachangingclimatein10．_______(shape)thecomplexdynamicsofconflict．howshapingⅢ．寫作運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面寫作，注意連詞的運(yùn)用。DearEric，IamLiHua．I'mwritingtoinformyouthatmyschool'stabletennisteamisrecruitingnewplayers．Iknowyouaregoodatplayingping-pong,1．___________