2023屆四川省成都市雙流中學(xué)高三高考適應(yīng)性模擬檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（二） Word版含解析

雙流中學(xué)高2023屆高考適應(yīng)性模擬檢測(cè)試題（二）英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上,寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inthepostoffice.C.Inthestreet.2.WhatdidCarldo?A.Hedesignedamedal.B.HefixedaTVset.C.Hetookatest.3.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’satailor.B.He’sawaiter.C.He’sashopassistant.4.Whenwilltheflightarrive?A.At18:20.B.At18:35.C.At18:50.5.Howcanthemanimprovehisarticle?A.Bydeletingunnecessarywords.B.Byaddingacoupleofpoints.C.Bycorrectinggrammarmistakes.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Howdidthewomanlearnhowtostartablog?A.FromtheInternet.B.Fromafriend.C.Fromamagazine.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkteenagerscareaboutmostnow?A.Environment.B.Sport.C.Music.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Suggestionsaboutadoptingapet.B.Waysoflearningtolookafteradog.C.Jobapplicationstoananimalshelter.9.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestaboutworkingatashelter?A.Cleaningthecages.B.Gettingalongwithpets.C.Interactingwithothervolunteers.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whoknockedoverthevase?A.Thecat.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.11.Whodidthevasebelongtoatfirst?A.Thewoman'smother.B.Thewoman'sgrandma.C.Thewoman'sfriend.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofbuyingasimilarvase?A.Itistooexpensive.B.Itisnoteasilyaccessible.C.Itisnotbigenough.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whoknockedoverthevase？A.Thecat.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.14.Whodidthevasebelongtoatfirst？A.Thewoman'smother.B.Thewoman'sgrandma.C.Thewoman'sfriend.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofbuyingasimilarvase？A.Itistooexpensive.B.Itisnoteasilyaccessible.C.Itisnotbigenough.16.Whatdidthespeakersdecidetodoatlast？A.Fixthevasethemselves.B.Sellittoanantiquestore.C.Askskilledworkerstorepairit.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhendidpeoplecelebratethefirstThanksgiving?A.In1621.B.In1776.C.In1863.18.Whichholidaymarkstheendofthesummerseason?A.LaborDay.B.CincodeMayo.C.IndependenceDay.19.WhereisCincodeMayocelebrated?A.InBritain.B.InMexico.C.InFrance.20.HowdopeoplecelebrateCincodeMayo?A.Theysetofffireworks.B.Theyhavepicnics.C.Theyholdparades.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutAssessmentDoesitmatterifmycourseworkistoolongortooshort?Thewordcountforeachpieceofcourseworkshouldbeprovidedonthetitlepage.IOEallowsa10%margin(差額)onthewordlimitsetforthecoursework.Forexample,ifthewordlimitis5,000words,youcansubmitanassessmentofbetween4,500and5,500words.Notethatifyourworkexceeds(超出)the10%margin,itwillautomaticallyfail.Whenisthedeadlineforcourseworkassignments?Finaldeadlinesforcourseworksubmissionsarenormally2calendarmothsaftertheendofterminwhichthemoduleruns.Courseworkdeadlineswillbepublishedonyourprogrammewebpageatthestartoftheacademicyear.ThedeadlineforreportsisnormallythefirstworkingdayinSeptember.NotethatyouMUSTsubmityourcourseworkbythedeadlineandthatfailuretodosoinautomaticfail.WhenwillIreceivethegradeandfeedbackformycoursework?Yourcourseworkandreportareindependentlymarkedbytwomembersofstaff.Oncethemarkershaveagreedagrade,youwillbeinformedofyourresultsbytheprogrammeadministrator.Weaimtocompletethisprocesswithin4weeksofthesubmissiondeadline.Feedbackandgradesarenotguaranteedwithin4weeksforextended,delayed,orresubmittedcoursework.Inspecialcircumstances,youmayapplyforadditionaltimetocompleteyourcourseworkbutmustsubmittheevidenceprovingyouareimpactedbyunforeseenfactors.Thetimeshouldbenotlaterthantwoweeksbeforetheoriginaldeadline.Ifyouareinanydoubtabouttheassessment,pleasecontacttheprogrammeadministrator.1.Whatresultsinanautomaticfail?A.Exceedingthewordlimit.B.Notprovidingthewordcount.C.Missingthecourseworkdeadline.D.Notpublishingthecoursework.2.Whatcanyoudoifyouhavedoubtsaboutthefeedbackyoureceived?A.Consulttheprogrammeadministrator.B.Submitevidencetosupportyourcase.C.Reviseyourcourseworkbasedonthefeedback.D.Contactthemarkerswhoprovidedthefeedback.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Aprogrammehandbook.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇為應(yīng)用文，介紹了一個(gè)研究課程關(guān)于成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)估的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Notethatifyourworkexceedsthe10%margin,itwillautomaticallyfail.(請(qǐng)注意，如果您的字?jǐn)?shù)超過(guò)10%的余量，它將自動(dòng)失敗)”以及第二段“NotethatyouMUSTsubmityourcourseworkbythedeadlineandthatfailuretodosoresultsinanautomaticfail.(請(qǐng)注意，你必須在截止日期前提交課程作業(yè)，否則將自動(dòng)不及格)”可知自動(dòng)不及格的情況有兩種，論文字?jǐn)?shù)超出規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)的10%和未在規(guī)定時(shí)間上傳作業(yè)。A中只寫(xiě)到超過(guò)字?jǐn)?shù)限制，而不是超過(guò)限制10%。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ifyouareinanydoubtabouttheassessment,pleasecontacttheprogrammeadministrator.(如果您對(duì)評(píng)估有任何疑問(wèn)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系項(xiàng)目管理員)”可知，如果對(duì)課程作業(yè)評(píng)估有質(zhì)疑，可以聯(lián)系該研究課程的管理員。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“FrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutAssessment(有關(guān)評(píng)估核定的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題)”并結(jié)合全文可知，這篇文章集中回答了一個(gè)研究課程關(guān)于成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)估的三個(gè)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題，可見(jiàn)這篇文章主要在介紹與研究課程相關(guān)的基本信息，所以應(yīng)該來(lái)自于某個(gè)研究課程的課程指南。故選D。BSheep,camels,goatsandotherhoofed(有蹄類)animalsarebetteratfiguringoutsolutionstopuzzleswhentheyarelessintegratedintosocialgroups.Theseindividualsmightbeforcedtofindfood,shelterandotherneedsontheirownwithoutgrouphelp,thusfuellinginnovation,saysFedericaAmiciattheUniversityofLipziginGermany.“Ifyou’renotwellintegratedintoyoursocialgroup,youcan’tcountonfriendsprovidingyouwithsupportorsharingresourceswithyou,andyouhavetocountonyourselfmuchmore,”saysAmici.“It’sinterestingthatproblem-solvingskillsappeartobequiteanalternativesocialskills.”Amiciandhercolleagueswantedtoconsiderhowsocialgroupsaffectindividualanimals’capacityforinnovation.Theydecidedtoconcentrateonhoofedanimalswhichliveinwidelyvariedsocialgroupstructuresandincludebothwildanddomesticatedspecies.Theteamworkedwith1111hoofedanimalsfrom13species,alllivinginzoosinSpain,FranceandGermany.Theresearchersobservedeachanimalevery15minutesforseveraldaystodeterminehowwellitwasintegratedintothegroup.Then,theteamplacedasetofcoveredcups,filledwithwhateverfoodeachspeciesparticularlyliked,intheenclosure(圍場(chǎng))withtheanimals.Videocamerasrecordedtheirbehaviourwithouthumanspresent.Regardlessofspecies,itwasthelesssociallyintegratedindividualsthatweremostsuccessfulatfiguringouthowtoopenthelidstogettothefoodinsidethecups.Itispossiblethatbecausetheseanimalsgetleftoutofthegroup,theyaremotivatedtofindotherwaystogetfoodandotherresourcesontheirown,saysAmici.Anotherpossibilityisthattheseindividualsaren’tnecessarilyrejectedbytheirsocialgroup.Rather,theychoosetobealonebecausetheyfigurethingsoutontheirown.Whetherthefindingsapplytohumansandotherspeciesisunclear.“It’stemptingtoseeaparallelwithhumans,”saysAmici.“Individualswithhighproblem-solvingskillsmaynotbethemostsociallyskilledpeople.”4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelessintegratedhoofedanimals?A.Theycanfindsheltereffortlessly. B.Theypossessalternativesocialskills.C.Theyrelyonfriendstosolveproblems. D.Theyhavetofindresourcesindependently.5.Howdidtheresearchersassessthesocialintegrationofhoofedanimals?A.Bymeasuringtheirintelligence. B.Bymonitoringtheirinteractions.C.Byanalyzingtheirfoodpreferences. D.Byobservingtheirhuntingstrategies.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“seeaparallelwith”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Keepaneyeon. B.Lendahandto.C.Discoverasimilaritywith. D.Formapartnershipwith.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthistext?A.ThePuzzle-SolvingAbilitiesofHoofedAnimalsB.TheInnovationofSocialSkillsinHoofedAnimalsC.SolvingPuzzles:TheKeytoSocialSuccessinHoofedAnimalsD.TheUnsociableAdvantage:ProblemSolvinginHoofedAnimals【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)關(guān)于有蹄類動(dòng)物的研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，社交關(guān)系較少的個(gè)體在尋找新方法解決問(wèn)題方面更成功?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theseindividualsmightbeforcedtofindfood,shelterandotherneedsontheirownwithoutgrouphelp,thusfuellinginnovation,saysFedericaAmiciattheUniversityofLipziginGermany.(德國(guó)利普錫大學(xué)的FedericaAmici說(shuō)，這些動(dòng)物可能被迫在沒(méi)有團(tuán)體幫助的情況下自己尋找食物、住所和其他需求，從而推動(dòng)了創(chuàng)新)”可知，那些不太完整的有蹄類動(dòng)物必須獨(dú)立尋找資源。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theresearchersobservedeachanimalevery15minutesforseveraldaystodeterminehowwellitwasintegratedintothegroup.(研究人員連續(xù)幾天每隔15分鐘觀察一只動(dòng)物，以確定它融入群體的程度)”可知，研究員們是通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間定期觀察這些動(dòng)物相處來(lái)判斷它們是否能很好融入集體中。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Regardlessofspecies,itwasthelesssociallyintegratedindividualsthatweremostsuccessfulatfiguringouthowtoopenthelidstogettothefoodinsidethecups.(無(wú)論哪種物種，社會(huì)融合程度較低的個(gè)體最能成功地弄清楚如何打開(kāi)蓋子拿到杯子里的食物)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論是——在有蹄類動(dòng)物中，社交關(guān)系較少的個(gè)體在尋找新方法解決問(wèn)題方面更成功。而最后一段“Individualswithhighproblem-solvingskillsmaynotbethemostsociallyskilledpeople.(解決問(wèn)題能力強(qiáng)的人可能不是最擅長(zhǎng)社交的人)”說(shuō)明Amici認(rèn)為很有可能人類群體中更擅長(zhǎng)解決問(wèn)題的人可能并不是最擅長(zhǎng)社交的人。Amici通過(guò)對(duì)有蹄類群體的研究猜測(cè)人類群體中也可能有同樣的現(xiàn)象，這種行為是在挖掘兩者的相似性。故劃線詞意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)有相似性”。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sheep,camels,goatsandotherhoofed(有蹄類)animalsarebetteratfiguringoutsolutionstopuzzleswhentheyarelessintegratedintosocialgroups.(綿羊、駱駝、山羊和其他有蹄動(dòng)物在較少融入社會(huì)群體的情況下，更善于解決難題)”可知，文章的主旨是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有蹄類動(dòng)物中，社交關(guān)系較少的個(gè)體在尋找新方法解決問(wèn)題方面更成功。而D選項(xiàng)的意思是“不合群的好處：有蹄類動(dòng)物解決問(wèn)題的能力”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。CHaveyoueverbeeninasituationwhereyoucouldn’tunderstandwhysomeonefailedtograspwhatyouweretryingtoexplain?Youthoughttheconceptwassosimple,andyettheydidn’tseemtogetit.Youareinfluencedby“thecurseofknowledge”.It’sacognitivebias(認(rèn)知偏差):oncewelearnsomething,wekindoflosethememoryofnotknowingitandtheempathy(共鳴)forpeoplewhodon’tknowit.Whenweassumethatothersknowwhatwe’retalkingabout,communicationbreaksdown.Webecomefrustratedandangryateachother,whichcanleadtomisunderstandingsandarguments.Thecurseofknowledgecanalsomakeusfeelsuperiortoothers,whichdamagesourrelationshipsandcancreateanegativeatmosphereinourhomes.Thinkofatimewhenyouwereonly4andyourparentsweretryingtoteachyouhowtodosingledigitaddition.Youkeptgettingtheanswerswronghowevermuchtheyguided.Finally,theyshouted,“Howcomeyoucan’tevensolvesuchasimplequestion!”Yourparentshadforgottenwhatitwaslikenottoknowhowtodoaddition,andcouldn’texplainittoyouinawaythatyoumayhavebecomefrustratedorirritatedwitheachother,whichonlyaddedtothefamilyconflicts.So,howcanweavoidthecurseofknowledge?Onewayistoempathizewithothers.Trytoseethingsfromtheirperspectiveandrememberwhatitwaslikenottoknowthatconcept.Useeverydaylanguageandsimpleexamplestoexplaincomplexideas.Thiswillhelptheotherpersonunderstandandpreventmiscommunication.Anotheristoaskquestions.Asktheotherpersonwhattheyunderstandandwhattheyareconfusedabout.Thiscanhelpyoutailoryourexplanationtotheirneedsandavoidassumptionsthatcanleadtofrustration.8.Whatdoes“thecurseofknowledge”referto?A.Amemoryproblemthatoccurswhilegraspingideas.B.Apersonalqualitythatmakespeoplemeantoothers.C.Athinkingerrorthatresultsinacommunicationgap.D.Amentalconditionthatpreventspeoplefromlearning.9.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtalkaboutconcerningthecurseofknowledge?A.Itsroots. B.Itseffects. C.Itsbenefits. D.Itsdefinition.10.Howdoestheauthorillustratethecurseofknowledgeinparagraph4?A.Bygivingarelevantexample.B.Byraisingapersonalquestion.C.Bycomparingittoasimilarconcept.D.Bydistinguishingitfromageneraltheory.11.Inwhichsituationisthecurseofknowledgemostlikelytobeavoided?A.Ateacherasksstudentsfortheirfeedbackinclass.BAparentblamesachildforfailingtodoasimpletask.C.Adoctorusesmedicaltermswhenspeakingwithapatient.D.Achefgetsimpatientwhenteachingabeginnerhowtocook.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇為說(shuō)明文。介紹了“知識(shí)詛咒”這一認(rèn)知偏差、它所導(dǎo)致的負(fù)面影響，以及如何在生活中避免“知識(shí)詛咒”的發(fā)生?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Youareinfluencedby‘thecurseofknowledge’.It’sacognitivebias:oncewelearnsomething,wekindoflosethememoryofnotknowingitandtheempathyforpeoplewhodon’tknowit.(你受到“知識(shí)詛咒”的影響。這是一種認(rèn)知偏見(jiàn)：一旦我們學(xué)到了什么，我們就會(huì)失去對(duì)不知道它的記憶，以及對(duì)不知道的人的同理心。)”以及第三段“Whenweassumethatothersknowwhatwe’retalkingabout,communicationbreaksdown.Webecomefrustratedandangryateachother,whichcanleadtomisunderstandingsandarguments.Thecurseofknowledgecanalsomakeusfeelsuperiortoothers,whichdamagesourrelationshipsandcancreateanegativeatmosphereinourhomes.(當(dāng)我們假設(shè)別人知道我們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么的時(shí)候，交流就會(huì)中斷。我們變得沮喪和對(duì)彼此生氣，這可能導(dǎo)致誤解和爭(zhēng)論。知識(shí)詛咒也會(huì)讓我們覺(jué)得自己比別人優(yōu)越，這會(huì)破壞我們的人際關(guān)系，并在我們的家里制造一種消極的氣氛。)”可知，知識(shí)詛咒是一種認(rèn)知偏差，會(huì)引發(fā)誤解，換句話說(shuō)，是一種導(dǎo)致溝通差距的思維錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

2.主旨大意題。第三段“Whenweassumethatothersknowwhatwe’retalkingabout,communicationbreaksdown.Webecomefrustratedandangryateachother,whichcanleadtomisunderstandingsandarguments.Thecurseofknowledgecanalsomakeusfeelsuperiortoothers,whichdamagesourrelationshipsandcancreateanegativeatmosphereinourhomes.(當(dāng)我們假設(shè)別人知道我們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么的時(shí)候，交流就會(huì)中斷。我們變得沮喪和對(duì)彼此生氣，這可能導(dǎo)致誤解和爭(zhēng)論。知識(shí)的詛咒也會(huì)讓我們覺(jué)得自己比別人優(yōu)越，這會(huì)破壞我們的人際關(guān)系，并在我們的家里制造一種消極的氣氛。)”主要討論了知識(shí)詛咒帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響：溝通破裂；對(duì)對(duì)話方的惱怒和對(duì)于對(duì)方不理解自己的沮喪；誤解和爭(zhēng)吵；感覺(jué)自己高人一等，從而破壞關(guān)系甚至給家庭帶來(lái)非常不好的氛圍。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的開(kāi)頭“Thinkofatimewhenyouwereonly4andyourparentsweretryingtoteachyouhowtodosingledigitaddition.Youkeptgettingtheanswerswronghowevermuchtheyguided.Finally,theyshouted,“Howcomeyoucan’tevensolvesuchasimplequestion!”(回想一下，當(dāng)你只有4歲的時(shí)候，你的父母正在教你如何做單位數(shù)加法。不管他們?cè)趺匆龑?dǎo)你，你總是答錯(cuò)。最后，他們喊道：“你們?cè)趺催B這么簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題都解決不了！”)”可知，作者讓讀者設(shè)想一個(gè)小時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)計(jì)算題被父母批評(píng)“這么簡(jiǎn)單的題都不會(huì)做”的情景，詳細(xì)分析了這個(gè)故事里父母犯的錯(cuò)，所以說(shuō)采用了引用相關(guān)例子的方法。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asktheotherpersonwhattheyunderstandandwhattheyareconfusedabout.Thiscanhelpyoutailoryourexplanationtotheirneedsandavoidassumptionsthatcanleadtofrustration.(問(wèn)問(wèn)別人他們了解什么，他們對(duì)什么感到困惑。這可以幫助你根據(jù)他們的需要來(lái)調(diào)整你的解釋，避免可能導(dǎo)致挫折的假設(shè)。)”可知，為了避免知識(shí)詛咒，我們?cè)跍贤〞r(shí)可以選擇不斷詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否明白自己或是否有困惑來(lái)及時(shí)解決溝通問(wèn)題。而A選項(xiàng)“教師及時(shí)在課堂上詢問(wèn)學(xué)生的反饋”最有可能避免知識(shí)的詛咒。故選A。DBornfromtheaccessibilityofmassairtravel,moderninternationaltourismhasbeenpopularizedas“holiday-making”inregionsthatoffercomparativeadvantagesofsand,sunandsea.Travelisoftenportrayedasatoolforpersonalgrowthandtourismasaneconomicmotorfordestinationcountriesandcities.Thereisatendencytoassumethattourismisgoodforeveryoneinvolved.Todaythebigbangoftourismdrivesover1.2billiontouristsacrossinternationalbordersannually.Manypopularplacesareliterallybeinglovedtodeath.RecentprotestsinportsofcalllikeVeniceandBarcelonaagainstdisturbancescreatedbycruiseshipsshowtheunfortunateconsequencesofemphasizingquantityoverqualityintourism.Uncontrolledtourismdevelopmenthasbecomeaprimarydriverofsocialandenvironmentaldisruption.Tourismstudiesprovidemuchdocumentationofthemanynegativesocialimpactsoftourismandresultingresentmentthatlocalpopulationsdirecttowardvisitors.Antagonism(對(duì)立，敵對(duì))towardtouriststypicallydevelopsinmature,heavilyvisiteddestinations.Protestsinheavilyvisiteddestinationssuggestthattraditionaltourismhasoverstayeditswelcome.Residentsoftenbecomefrustratedwhenthebenefitsoftourismarenotfeltlocally.Althoughitcangenerateforeignexchange,incomeandemployment,there’snoguaranteethatmultinationalhotelchainswillallocatethesebenefitsequitablyamonglocalcommunities.Onthecontrary,whenpeoplestayatlargeresortsoroncruiseships,theymakemostoftheirpurchasesthere,leavinglocalcommunitieslittleopportunitytobenefitfromtouristspending.Theseformsoftourismwideneconomicandpoliticalgapsbetweenhavesandhave-notsatlocaldestinations.Inrecentdecades,localresidentsindestinationcommunitiesalsohavefoundthemselvesnegotiatingnewculturalboundaries,classdynamics,serviceindustryrolesandlifestyletransformations.Forexample,datashowthattourismactivitycorrespondstoincreasedsocialproblemsaslocalresidentsadoptthebehaviorsoftourists.Whatdoesallthismeanfortheeverydaytraveler?First,alltouristsshouldmakeeveryefforttohonortheirhostsandrespectlocalconditions.Thismeansbeingpreparedtoadapttolocalcustomsandnorms,ratherthanexpectinglocalconditionstoadapttotravelers.Second,tourismisamarket-basedactivityandworksbestwhenconsumersrewardbetterperformers.Intheinformationage,there’slittleexcusefortravelersbeinguninformedaboutwheretheirvacationmoneygoesandwhoitenriches.Informedtravelersalsoarebetterabletodistinguishbetweenmultinationalcompaniesandlocalentrepreneurswhosebusinessesprovidedirectsocial,environmental,andeconomicbenefitsforlocalresidents.Suchbusinessesareinlovewiththedestinationandarethereforedeservingofmarketreward.Inthelongrun,beingaresponsibletravelermeansensuringnetpositiveimpactsforlocalpeopleandenvironments.Withtheinformationavailableatourfingertips,therehasneverbeenmoreopportunitytodoso.12.Whatisthepopularassumptionaboutinternationaltourism?A.Itsbenefitsmaycompensatefortheadverseenvironmentalconsequences.B.Itsrapiddevelopmentisattributedtopeople’simprovedlivingstandard.C.Itappealstopeopleinplaceswithfavorablegeographicalconditions.D.Itcontributestotheeconomyofdestinationcountriesandregions.13.Whydoestheauthorsaylocalresidentsofpopulardestinationsoftenfeelfrustrated?A.Theyfallvictimtosocialconflictsandenvironmentaldisturbances.B.Theyhavelittleopportunitytoenjoythemselvesoncruiseships.C.Theycannotfindemploymentinmultinationalhotelchains.D.Theydonotthinktheybenefitasmuchastheydeserve.14.Whatdowelearnfromsomestudiesaboutuncontrolledtourismdevelopment?A.Itgivesrisetoanincreaseinmassconfrontations.B.Itinhibitsthesteadygrowthoflocaleconomy.C.Itincurslocalresidents’antagonismtotourists.D.Itbringsinalargechunkofmobilepopulation.15.Whatcantouristsdotoexertmorepositiveimpactsonthetouristdestinations?A.Showinterestinlocalcustomsandlifestyles.B.Usetheservicesprovidedbylocalbusinesses.C.Seekpossibilitiestoinvestinlocalcompanies.D.Givefavorablecommentsabouttheirservices.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹旅游業(yè)在飛速發(fā)展，但是熱門(mén)目的地的人們卻沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的好處，旅游業(yè)的失控引起了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)游客的反感?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Travelisoftenportrayedasatoolforpersonalgrowthandtourismasaneconomicmotorfordestinationcountriesandcities.Thereisatendencytoassumethattourismisgoodforeveryoneinvolved.(旅行經(jīng)常被描繪成個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的工具，而旅游業(yè)則被描繪成目的地國(guó)家和城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎。人們傾向于認(rèn)為旅游業(yè)對(duì)所有相關(guān)人員都有好處。)”可知，關(guān)于國(guó)際旅游的普遍假設(shè)是它對(duì)目的地國(guó)家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有貢獻(xiàn)。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Residentsoftenbecomefrustratedwhenthebenefitsoftourismarenotfeltlocally.(當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)厝藳](méi)有感受到旅游業(yè)的好處時(shí)，居民往往會(huì)感到沮喪。)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駮?huì)感到沮喪是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有感受到旅游業(yè)的好處。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Uncontrolledtourismdevelopmenthasbecomeaprimarydriverofsocialandenvironmentaldisruption.Tourismstudiesprovidemuchdocumentationofthemanynegativesocialimpactsoftourismandresultingresentmentthatlocalpopulationsdirecttowardvisitors.(不受控制的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展已成為社會(huì)和環(huán)境破壞的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。旅游研究提供了許多關(guān)于旅游業(yè)的許多負(fù)面社會(huì)影響以及由此產(chǎn)生的當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)游客的不滿的文件。)”可知，不受控制的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展使得當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)游客產(chǎn)生了不滿。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Informedtravelersalsoarebetterabletodistinguishbetweenmultinationalcompaniesandlocalentrepreneurswhosebusinessesprovidedirectsocial,environmental,andeconomicbenefitsforlocalresidents.Suchbusinessesareinlovewiththedestinationandarethereforedeservingofmarketreward.Inthelongrun,beingaresponsibletravelermeansensuringnetpositiveimpactsforlocalpeopleandenvironments.Withtheinformationavailableatourfingertips,therehasneverbeenmoreopportunitytodoso.(知情的旅行者也能夠更好地區(qū)分跨國(guó)公司和當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)家，他們的企業(yè)為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┝酥苯拥纳鐣?huì)、環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。這些企業(yè)熱愛(ài)目的地，因此值得市場(chǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，成為一名負(fù)責(zé)任的旅行者意味著確保對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈铜h(huán)境產(chǎn)生凈積極影響。有了觸手可及的信息，再也沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)這樣做了。)”可知，游客可以利用當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)提供的服務(wù)來(lái)對(duì)旅游目的地產(chǎn)生更積極的影響。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分,滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyourworkperformanceisfalling,yourpersonallifewillcertainlybeaffected.____16____However,ifyouareequippedwithsomeeffectivemethods,youcanabsolutelyimproveyourworkperformance.Getclearonyourgoals.Withacleargoalinyourmind,youaremorelikelytotakeaction.____17____Foreachsetofgoals,decideyourowntimeframe.Refertothesegoalsonaregularbasisandmakesurethatyouarenotingtheprogressyouaremaking.Planeachdaythenightbefore.Ifyouhavenodailyplanofaction,youtendtoendupfightinglotsofsmallfiresatwork.____18____Asaconsequence,yourworkproductivitysuffers.Therefore,itisnecessarytotakethetimetoplanforthenextday.____19____Youshouldneverspendallyourtimeonthetasksyouhavetocompleteeachday.Instead,taketimeouttospendwithyourcolleagues.Therefore,youshouldmakeaplanonwhatyouneedtodoeachdayandwriteitindetails.Celebrateyoursuccess.Managingyourmindisthekeytoyourmovingforward.Thebestwaytokeepagoodstateistocelebrateyourachievements.Youshoulddothisregularly.____20____Inaword,ifyouwanttoimproveyourworkperformance,youshouldhaveaclearactionplanandknowwhatneedstobedoneandhowitshouldbedone.Ifyouapplythesewaystoyourlife,youwillbecomeanexcellentperformer.ACreateadailyactionplan.B.Improveyourrelationshipgreatly.C.Youhavetofacevariouschallenges.D.Havingaclearideacangiveyouproperdirections.E.Onlyinthiswaycanyoukeepyourmotivationup.F.Thiscanstopyoudoingimportanttasksthatneeddoing.G.Therefore,trywritingdownthegoalsyouwanttoachieve.【答案】16.C17.G18.F19.A20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了如何提高工作中的表現(xiàn)。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Whenyourworkperformanceisfalling,yourpersonallifewillcertainlybeaffected.(當(dāng)你的工作表現(xiàn)下降時(shí)，你的個(gè)人生活肯定會(huì)受到影響)”可知，工作表現(xiàn)下降時(shí)，個(gè)人生活會(huì)受到影響，C選項(xiàng)“Youhavetofacevariouschallenges.(你必須面對(duì)各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)。)”講述的是工作表現(xiàn)下降的影響，承接了上文中的內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。`【17題詳解】根據(jù)第二段的主題句“Getclearonyourgoals.(明確您的目標(biāo)。)”可知，本段講述的內(nèi)容與目標(biāo)相關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)“Therefore,trywritingdownthegoalsyouwanttoachieve.(因此，試著寫(xiě)下你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。)”講述的內(nèi)容與實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)相關(guān)，且與空前的“Withacleargoalinyourmind,youaremorelikelytotakeaction.(有了明確的目標(biāo)，你更有可能采取行動(dòng)。)”為因果關(guān)系，既與段落主題一致，且符合邏輯。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Planeachdaythenightbefore.(在前一天晚上計(jì)劃好每一天。)”可知，本段講述的是提前做好計(jì)劃，根據(jù)空后的“Ifyouhavenodailyplanofaction,youtendtoendupfightinglotsofsmallfiresatwork.(如果你沒(méi)有每天的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，你可能會(huì)在工作中遇到很多小麻煩。)”可知，如果沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，就可能會(huì)遇到一些小麻煩，由此可知，此空講述的內(nèi)容與此相關(guān)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Thiscanstopyoudoingimportanttasksthatneeddoing.(這會(huì)阻礙你完成重要的任務(wù)。)”中的this指代的內(nèi)容與空前的做法一致，且講述的是沒(méi)計(jì)劃帶來(lái)的影響，內(nèi)容與空前一致，與主題吻合。故選F項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此空應(yīng)為本段的主題句，所以應(yīng)為祈使句，根據(jù)空后的“Therefore,youshouldmakeaplanonwhatyouneedtodoeachdayandwriteitindetails.(因此，你應(yīng)該制定一個(gè)你每天需要做的計(jì)劃，并詳細(xì)地寫(xiě)下來(lái)。)”可知，此處講述的應(yīng)是對(duì)每天的事情做個(gè)計(jì)劃，并寫(xiě)下來(lái)，A選項(xiàng)“Createadailyactionplan.(制定每日行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。)”講述的為創(chuàng)建每天計(jì)劃，與本段內(nèi)容一致，且為祈使句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此空位于段尾，由此可知，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，根據(jù)空前的“Thebestwaytokeepagoodstateistocelebrateyourachievements.(保持良好狀態(tài)的最好方法是慶祝你的成就。)”以及“Youshoulddothisregularly.(你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常這樣做。)”可知，此處指的是如何讓自己保持一個(gè)好的精神狀態(tài)，E選項(xiàng)“Onlyinthiswaycanyoukeepyourmotivationup.(只有這樣，你才能保持動(dòng)力。)”承接上文內(nèi)容，其中的指示代詞this為解題的關(guān)鍵，指代的是“tocelebrateyourachievements”，且對(duì)本段進(jìn)行總結(jié)。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Imanageafinancialdepartment.Irecently____21____myteamthatiftheyexceeded(超過(guò))theirgoal,thecompanywould____22____themtoaverygoodItalianrestaurantthatwealllove.Theyexceededthegoalbyalot,soImadea____23____forthesixteenofus.Onthedayofourouting,wewereseatedrightawayandthewaitresstookourdrinkorder.Then,thewaitresstoldusthatshewassorry,becausethepersonwhowas____24____tobehelpingherdidn’t____25____.Soshehadto____26____ourpartyandothercustomersonherown.Shelookedatmein____27____whenItoldherthatIwould____28____foreverythingononecheckinsteadof____29____checks.Ourorderingwasalittlechaotic(混亂的).Wewerebusyhavingfunandconversation,sononeofus____30____that.Thefoodwasdeliciousandweenjoyeditverymuch.Itcametimeforthebilland,aswas____31____tomewhenImadethereservation,therestaurant____32____an18%tiptothebill.ThebillcametoaboutUS$650andIgavehermycreditcard.Shereturnedwithmyreceiptandthankedus,____33____thatherservicewasalittleslow.Wetoldhereverythingwasperfectandthankedherforworkingsohard.Shehadbeensoniceand____34____tousthatIlefta(n)____35____US$50cashtipinthereceiptfolder.Allofasudden,thewaitresscameoutoftherestaurantandgrabbedmyarm.IwasthinkingifI____36____tosignthereceiptorsomethingwhenInoticedshehad____37____inhereyes.Shethankedmeforthetipandsaidshereallydidn’t____38____it.Shehadhada____39____timelatelyandthetipreally____40____herheart.21.A.promised B.warned C.gained D.requested22.A.order B.treat C.lend D.lead23.A.decision B.reservation C.difference D.remark24.A.worried B.reported C.surprised D.supposed25.A.setoff B.calmdown C.showup D.ringback26.A.observe B.attend C.handle D.postpone27.A.anger B.embarrassment C.fear D.relief28.A.account B.pay C.answer D.apply29.A.separate B.individual C.commercial D.digital30.A.minded B.heard C.missed D.approved31.A.admitted B.suggested C.explained D.given32.A.reduced B.passed C.returned D.added33.A.apologizing B.announcing C.arguing D.noticing34.A.generous B.patient C.honest D.faithful35.A.familiar B.complete C.additional D.precious36.A.tried B.agr