2021-2022學(xué)年新疆昌吉州教育體系高三（上）第四次診斷英語試卷（附詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年新疆昌吉州教育體系高三（上）第四次

診斷英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共30.0分)

A

GrandCanyonNationalParkRangerProgramsCritterChat

9：30amDaily

(MeetatGrandCanyonVisitorCenter)

LearnaboutsomeoftheGrandCanyon'sdiversewildcreatureswhosurvivehereinthis

placeofextremechangesinexposureandclimate.Wheelchairaccessible.Familyfriendly.

GeologyWalk

3：30pmDaily

(MeetatYavapaiGeologyMuseum)

LearnhowtheGrandCanyonformedwhileexploringYavapaiGeologyMuseumduring

thisshortintroductorytalk.Whyisitsodeep,wide,andgrand?Whydoesitexistonlyhere

andnowhereelseintheworld?ConsiderwalkingtheTrailofTimefollowingthe

program.

GuidedCedarRidgeHike

7amDaily

(MeetattheSouthKaibabTrailhead)

A3-mile(about4.8km)hikeonanunpavedpath.Allow4hours.Minimum2litersof

waterperperson.Bringsaltysnacks,sunscreen,andwearhikingshoes.Notrecommended

forpeoplewithheartproblems,ordifficultywalking.

FossilDiscoveryWalk

9amDaily

(MeetattheBrightAngelTrailheadsign)

Walkamongseacreaturesthatlivedonthispartofthecontinent270millionyears

ago,beforetheageofthedinosaurs.Thiseasy1/2-mile(about0.8km)one-waywalk

exploresanexposedfossilbed.

Note：Childrenmustbeaccompaniedbyanadultinallprograms.Allprogramsarefreeof

charge.

1.Whichprogramissuitableforafamilytolearnthecurrentwildlife?

A.CritterChat.B.GeologyWalk.

C.GuidedCedarRidgeHike.D.FossilDiscoveryWalk.

2.WherecanparticipantslearnabouttheformationoftheGrandCanyon?

A.AtYavapaiGeologyMuseum.

B.AttheSouthKaibabTrailhead.

C.AtGrandCanyonVisitorCenter.

D.AttheBrightAngelTrailheadsign.

3.WhatshouldparticipantsnoticeaboutGuidedCedarRidgeHike?

A.Aone-waywalk.B.Awheelchairpath.

C.Anexposedfossilbed.D.Somespecialrequirements.

B

GormanistheyoungestpoetinUShistory.Shebecametheyouthpoetlaureate（獲獎?wù)撸?/p>

ofLosAngelesatage16in2014andthefirstnationalyouthpoetlaureatethreeyears

later.ShehasrecentlycompletedherstudiesatHarvardUniversity.

Hermother,JoanWicks,teachesinamiddleschoolinWatts.Shuttlingamongthe

neighborhoodsgaveGormanawindowtotheworld.Herloveforpoetrydatesatleastback

tothethirdgradewhenherteacherreadRayBradbury'sDandelionWinetotheclass.

Gormanisalotbetteratitnow,butstillworkingonherconfidenceasapublicspeaker.

"Untiltwoormaybethreeyearsago,Icouldn'tsaytheletterT'.Eventothisdaysometimes

1strugglewithit.Fdwanttosay'girlscanchangetheworld1,butIcannotsaysomany

lettersinthatstatement,soEdsaythingslike'youngwomencanshapetheglobe'.1*

ForGorman,writingbecameacure."Iusedwritingasaformofselfexpressiontogetmy

wordonthepage.SothemoreIrecitedoutloud,themoreIwasabletoteachmyselfhowto

pronouncetheseletterswhichforsolonghadbeenmygreatestobstacle.Gormansaidshe

alsousedasongfromMiranda'sPulitzerPrize-winningBroadwaymusicalHamiltonto

helpwithherspeaking.MButIdon'tlookatmydisabilityasaweakness,*'saidGorman.

"It'smademetheperformerthatIamandthestorytellerthatIstruggletobe.”

InSeptember,GormanwillreleaseChangeSings,thefirstoftwochildren'sbooks.Thepoet

第2頁，共23頁

saysshedesirestopublishabook“inwhichkidscouldseethemselvesaschange-makers

inhistory,ratherthanjustobservers".

4.WhathappenedtoGormanin2017?

A.ShebecametheUSfirstyouthpoetlaureate.

B.ShegraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.

C.Sheappliedfortheyouthpoetlaureate.

D.Sheturnedintoapublicspeaker.

5.WhatarousedGorman'sinterestinpoetry?

A.Hermother'sencouragement.B.RayBradbury'sworks.

C.Miranda'sinspiration.D.Alaureate'sstory.

6.WhydoesGormanwanttowriteabookforkids?

A.Toinspirekidstobetheyouthpoetlaureate.

B.Toshowkidssomewaystoobservetheworld.

C.Toencouragekidstobechange-makers.

D.Togivethedisabledsomewritingtips.

7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Gormansucceededinbecomingastoryteller

B.Gormanovercameherdisadvantageinpoetry

C.Gormanusedwritingtoovercomeaspeechobstacle

D.Gorman'sweaknessstoppedherfrombeingaspeaker

c

Whydopeoplelongforcelebritynews?Atleastsomeofthehungercentersaround

schadenfreude——havingjoyfromthesufferingofothers.Peopleoftenactasifjoyis

dependentonachievingmaterialgain.Seeingpeoplethatseemto"haveitall"suffer

(goingthroughdivorce,drugabuse,mentalillness,etc.)momentarilydestroysthat

thought.Andthenpeoplecanthink,"Perhapsit'sOKthatIdon'thavemyowntelevision

show,andownfourlargehouses.'1Let'schatabitmoreaboutschadenfreudeandrelated

concepts.Ifyou'vebeenaliveacoupleofdecades,you'vecertainlyseenplentyofexamples

showingthatmoneydoesnotbringhappiness.Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthe

keysinvolveslearningtofullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment—notjustlearning

thisasinformation,but,throughpractice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthis

moment.

Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedevelopingtheskillofcompassion（同情）andloving

kindness.Thismayseemstrangetoreaders：developingaskillofcompassion?Don'tyou

justhaveornothavecompassion?Therearesometypesofmeditation（冥想）originating

fromBuddhisttraditionsthataredesignedtodevelopcompassionandlovingkindness.

Thefourrelatedqualitiesdevelopedbythesetypesofmeditationpracticesaretermed：

lovingkindness,calmness,compassion,andsympatheticjoy.Sympatheticjoyistheexact

oppositeofschadenfreude——withsympatheticjoy,wegetjoyfromthejoyofothers.Think

ofaclosefamilymemberdoingwellandnoticethejoyyoufeel-thatissympathetic

joy.Todevelopmoresympatheticjoy,whensomethinggoodhappenstoanother

person,saytoyourself（withasmuchmeaningaspossible）,"Pmhappyforyou.Mayyour

goodfortunecontinue.Mayyourgoodfortunegrow."

Whenaperson,celebrityornot,issuffering,youcanpracticeacompassion

meditation.Closeyoureyesandimagineascenethatnaturallybringsforthsympathy,such

ashuggingalovedone,orholdingababy.Thenimaginesayingtotheperson

suffering,MMayyoubefreefromsuffering,°or"Mayyoursufferingease.',

8.Whatcanmakeushappyaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Havingawell-paidjob.

B.Owninggreatpopularity.

C.Focusingoncelebrities*news.

D.Learningtoliveinthemoment.

9.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinparagraph2?

A.Compassionandlovingkindness.

B.Theoriginofsometraditions.

C.Happinessandmeditation.

D.Meditationpractices.

10.Whichofthefollowingissympatheticjoy?

A.Youcheerupwhenacelebritygetsdivorced.

B.Youcrowoveritwhenyourschoolmategetsinjured.

C.You'redelightedwhenyourclassmatewinsacompetition.

D.You'repleasedwhenacelebritypracticesattentivelymeditation.

11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

第4頁，共23頁

A.Toshowcelebrities'reallife.

B.Tointroducethefindingsofastudy.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofhappiness.

D.Tocorrectthenegativeattitudestootherpeople'ssufferings.

D

Oneofthemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutforduringsummeris

mosquitoes.Butnomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somenaturallyattractmosquitoes

morethanothers.

Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownby

smellandbodyodour（氣味）,accordingtoBartKnols,PhD，abiologistdevotedtothe

studyofmosquitoes.Thecarbondioxidepeoplebreatheout,alongwithchemicalsfromthe

skin,createsan"odourplumenthatmosquitoescandetectfromuptoalmost100feetaway.

"Eachpersongivesoffmorethan300chemicalsfromtheskin,morethan100inbreathing

out,'*Knolssays.

Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies.Theyellow

fevermosquitoandAsiantigermosquito,forexample,respondwelltolacticacidfrom

skin.Africanmalariamosquitoesrespondtoamixoffattyacids,accordingtoKnols.Your

individualmixturesandsmellsdeterminehowmuchofamosquitoattractionyou

are,dependingonthemosquitospecies.Themixofchemicalsyouproduceisonlypartlyin

yourcontrol.Thesechemicalsdependonyourgeneticmake-up,healthcondition,diet,skin

pH,andsoon."Bacteriaontheskinbreakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughour

pores（毛孔）,andthesearetheattractivesmells,"Knolssays."Soitisnotactuallywe

thatdrawmosquitoes,butthebacteriaonourskin.”

Althoughthisisacomplexandpartlyunderstoodphenomenon,Knolssaysthatwedoall

haveauniquesmelLTherearemanyfolkstoriesaboutwhysomepeoplearemoreorless

attractivetomosquitoes.Somepeoplefalselythinkthebloodtypeisthecause?andothers

believetakingvitaminBoreatinggarlicmakespeoplelessattractivetomosquitoes——but

Knolsnotesthere'snoscientificdatabackinguptheseclaims.

12.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Nobodycanavoidmosquitoesanyway.

B.Mosquitoescandetectpeoplebysmell.

C.Apersonbreathesoutover300chemicals.

D.Peoplefindmosquitoesannoyingandharmful.

13.Whydoestheauthortakeseveralkindsofmosquitoesforexample?

A.Towarnpeoplenottotouchmosquitoes.

B.Topersuadereaderstoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Tohelppeopledistinguishpoisonousmosquitoes.

D.Toshowhowdifferentmosquitoesreacttomixtures.

14.WhatattractsmosquitoesaccordingtoBartKnols?

A.Bacteriaontheskin.B.Specificbloodtype.

C.Smellsfromthehair.D.Chemicalsinthemouth.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Waystomakepeoplemoreandmoreattractive

B.Folkstoriesabouthowmosquitoesattackpeople

C.Thescientificreasonyouareamosquitoattraction

D.Differentattitudestowardmosquitoes

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

Veniceissufferingtheworstfloodingthecityhasexperiencedin50years.Thecityis"on

itsknees"andVenetianMayorLuigiBrugnarotweetedaswatersubmerged(淹沒)much

ofthefamoushistoricalcity.

WhilefloodsareanormalpartoflifeinVenice,theyhaveneverhappenedwithsuch

frequencybefbre.Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame.(1)TheVenetian

councilvotedagainstameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbeforetheir

conferencehallflooded.

Floodingisjustoneofthemanyimpactsfromclimatechangethatgloballythreatens

manyvulnerable(脆弱的)areasandregions.Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.

(2)Naturalandman-madeheritagesitesthroughouttheworldareindangerofbeing

damagedordestroyedbyclimatechange.

(3)Somewillbehitbyflooding,likeVenice,othersbyextremeweathereventsorrising

temperatures.Forinstance,GeorgeTown,thecapitaloftheMalaysianstatePenangfaces

risingsealevels,landslidesandmoreseveretyphoons,whileYellowstoneecosysteminthe

westernUnitedStatesfacesmeltingsnows,morefrequentwildfiresandachanging

第6頁，共23頁

ecosystem.

Changesintheoceanwillhaveaprofoundimpactonmanyofthesesites.(4)Andrising

sealevelsthreatentowashawaymanyoftheworld'sgreatarchaeologicalsites.

Expertssaythatthesolutionstosavingthesesiteswillbevaried,butmanywillbevery

expensive.(5)

A.Differentwayscanbeadoptedtosavethesesites.

B.Climatechangewillimpactthesesitesindifferentways.

C.Itisthedamagefromclimatechangetotheworld'sheritage.

D.HowtosurviveintheseareashasbecomeanissueforItalians.

E.However,puttinginplaceprotectivemeasureshasprovendifficult.

F.WarmingwaterthreatenstokillmuchofthecoralintheGreatBarrierReef.

G.Therefore,theysuggestthatcountriesshouldworktogethertoprotectheritagesites.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

WhenIdecidedtoleavemyhomecountryofIrantopursueaPhDinCanada,!hadn't

expectedthatcommunicationwouldbeanissue.InFarsi,Iwasa(n)⑵)speaker.Ihad

takenEnglishlessonsinmy20sandscoredwellontheEnglishtestforuniversity(22).

Butsoonaftermy(23)intheEnglish-speakingworld,!realizedhowwrongIwas.NowI

hadtobecarefulanddeliberate.!neededto(24)andsimultaneously(同時地)followthe

conversation.!neededto(25)itintomynativelanguage,reflectandgeneratethoughtsand

ideasin(26),andfindtherightEnglishwordsandputthemintherightorderto(27).Ihad

ahardtimeremainingpresentandfocusedin(28),becauseIwasconstantlythinkingabout

whatIwouldsaynext.Igraduallyturnedinwardand(29),particularlywhensurroundedby

nativeEnglishspeakers.AndIworriedaboutmyfuture.(30),effectivecommunicationin

Englishiscriticaltobeingincludedandrecognizedinmany(31)andprofessional

operations.

Later,1(32)tosayexactlywhatImeantindiscussionsoverandoveragain.Suddenly,a

simpleidea(33)tome：whynot(34)thediscussioninwriting,inanemailtomycolleagues?

Thatsmalladjustmentwasagamechanger,becausewritinggaveme(35)toreflectand

comfortably(36)mypointsinEnglish.

Imadea(37)ofsittingatmycomputerandputtingmyFarsithoughtsintoEnglish

words,takingmytimeto(38)clearsentenceswithaccuratevocabularyand(39).Withsome

effortsandawillingheart,!grewmore(40)withoralcommunication,whichrevivedmy

spirits.

21.A.concreteB.effectiveC.absurdD.considerate

22.A.researchB.investigationC.projectD.admission

23.A.travelB.sightC.arrivalD.education

24.A.eventuallyB.fluentlyC.randomlyD.consciously

25.A.translateB.breakC.developD.speak

26.A.reliefB.vainC.responseD.case

27.A.communicateB.spellC.applyD.stress

28.A.textsB.conversationsC.conductsD.actions

29.A.passiveB.delightedC.thrilledD.passionate

30.A.OrelseB.InallC.IntimeD.Afterall

31.A.briefB.rigidC.moralD.academic

32.A.decidedB.tendedC.failedD.tried

33.A.occurredB.objectedC.referredD.adapted

34.A.putonB.setdownC.getthroughD.contributeto

35.A.challengeB.timeC.thoughtD.passion

36.A.conveyB.acceptC.seekD.persuade

37.A.trainingB.copyC.noteD.practice

38.A.accountB.discoverC.makeD.expose

39.A.pronunciationB.grammarC.plotsD.characters

第8頁，共23頁

40.A.comfortableB.curiousC.disappointedD.concerned

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15?0分)

41.TheChinesespendanaverageofthreehoursadayontheirsmartphones,(1)(rank)

secondintheworldafterBrazilians(2)spendtwoadditionalhoursontheir

phones,accordingtoasurveybyaGermanInternetcompany.Smartphonesallowpeople

⑶(order)food,callataxi,shoponlineandmanagewealth.However,withsuch

convenience(4)(come)overuse.

ThesurveyfoundthatBraziliansspendthemosttimeontheirsmartphones,aboutfive

hoursaday,(5)(follow)byChinese.PeopleintheUnited

StatesJtaly,Spain,Canada,andtheUnitedKingdomspendmorethantwohoursadayon

theirmobilephones.

Lastyear,asurveyof1,000childrenrangingfromages0-5(6)(show)that80.4%of

childrenusesmartphones,andmorethanhalfoftheirparentsbelieve(7)mobilephones

puttheirchildrenatease.

Fearofmissingoutcontributestothehighamountofphonechecking.Thelackofleisure

activitiesisthemainreason(8)Chinesepeople'ssmartphoneaddiction.Offlineactivities

inChina,suchassports,travel,artshows,andreadingarenotaspopularastheyareinother

countriesandregions.Thoughsmartphonesbringentertainmentandconvenience,theycan

havenegative(9)(effect)onhealth.Staringatascreenforalongperiodoftimecan

causeeyeorspinedamage.Smartphonesarealso(10)(associate)withlowerqualityof

sleepandhighbloodpressure.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪

除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Iwasnervousonthefirstdayofmynewschool.Iarrivedatschoolearlyandseemany

studentsweregettingoffthebus.AsIwalkedintomyclassroom,mynewclassmatessat

quietlyintheirseat.Later,ourteacherwalkedintowithoutasmile.Shelookedatvery

serious.Sheaskedustointroduceourselvessothatwecouldgetknowoneanother.Onceit

wasmyturn,myheartbeatfast,andIcouldn'tthinkofsomething.Finally,!findthe

courage.!startedtotalkaboutmyfamilyandmyhobbies.Then,myclassmatesaskedme

somequestions.Afterclass,someofthemtoldmethatImadethewonderfulspeech.Ifelta

littlemorerelaxing.

六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李華，準備周末帶你的英國朋友Merry參觀少林寺。請你寫封郵件告知她

這次旅行的相關(guān)事項，內(nèi)容包括：

1.會合時間與地點；

2.行程安排。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearMerry,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第10頁，共23頁

答案和解析

1.【答案】

[小題1]A【小題2】A【小題3】D

【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CritterChat部分"LearnaboutsomeoftheGrandCanyon's

diversewildcreatureswhosurvivehereinthisplaceofextremechangesinexposureand

climate."（了解大峽谷中的各種野生動物,它們生活在這個暴露和氣候極端變化的地方。）

可知，在該項目中參與者可以了解現(xiàn)存多種野生生物。故選A項。

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GeologyWalk部分"LearnhowtheGrandCanyonformedwhile

exploringYavapaiGeologyMuseumduringthisshortintroductorytalk."（在這個簡短的介

紹性演講中，了解大峽谷是如何形成的，同時探索雅瓦派地質(zhì)博物館。）可知，在該項

目中參與者可以在YavapaiGeologyMuseum了解大峽谷的相關(guān)信息。故選A項。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)GuidedCedarRidgeHike部分"Allow4hours.Minimum2liters

ofwaterperperson.Bringsaltysnacks,sunscreen,andwearhikingshoes.Notrecommendedfor

peoplewithheartproblems,ordifficultywalking."（留出4小時。每人至少喝2升水。帶上

咸點心、防曬霜，穿上登山鞋。不建議有心臟問題或行走困難的人參與。）可知，該項

目有一些特殊要求，參與者需要準備一些必需品，一些有健康問題的人不能參加。故選

D項。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了大峽谷國家公園的護林員計劃。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有

據(jù)。

4.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】C【小題4】C

【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Shebecametheyouthpoetlaureate（獲獎

者）ofLosAngelesatage16in2014andthefirstnationalyouthpoetlaureatethreeyears

later."（2014年，她16歲時成為洛杉磯青年桂冠詩人，三年后成為第一位全國青年桂冠

詩人。）可知，2014年，16歲的Gorman成為洛杉磯的青年詩人獎得主，三年后第一個

成為全國青年桂冠詩人。故選A項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Herloveforpoetrydatesatleastbacktothethirdgrade

whenherteacherreadRayBradbury'sDandelionWinetotheclass."（她對詩歌的熱愛至少

可以追溯到三年級，當時她的老師給全班同學(xué)讀了RayBradbury的。）

可知，老師在班上朗讀RayBradbury的。時，Gorman就愛上了詩歌。故

選B項。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一?："Thepoetsaysshedesirestopublishabook"inwhich

kidscouldseethemselvesaschange-makersinhistory,ratherthanjustobservers"."（這位詩

人說，她希望出版一本書”讓孩子們把自己看作歷史上的變革者，而不僅僅是觀察者"。）

可知，Gorman想出版一本書，鼓勵孩子們?nèi)プ鍪澜绲母淖冋?。故選C項。

（4）C.標題歸納題。根據(jù)第四段"ForGorman,writingbecameacure."Iusedwritingasa

formofselfexpressiontogetmywordonthepage.SothemoreIrecitedoutloud,themoreI

wasabletoteachmyselfhowtopronouncetheseletterswhichforsolonghadbeenmygreatest

obstacle."（對戈爾曼來說，寫作成了一劑良藥。"我把寫作作為一種自我表達的形式，

把我的話寫在紙上。所以，我越大聲地背誦，我就越能教會自己如何發(fā)音這些字母，這

些字母長期以來一直是我最大的障礙。）通讀全文，文章主要講述Gorman用寫作克服

了她語言發(fā)音上的障礙，并取得成就的事跡，所以"Gorman用寫作來克服語言障礙”可

以作為文章標題。故選C項。

這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述Gorman用寫作克服了她語言發(fā)音上的障礙，并取得了

成就。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

8.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】A【小題3】C【小題4】D

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【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthekeys

involveslearningtofullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment-notjustlearningthisas

information,but,throughpractice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthismoment1'（但

是什么能帶來幸福呢？其中一個關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會充分關(guān)注和享受當下，不僅僅是把它當作信

息來學(xué)習(xí)，而是通過實踐，培養(yǎng)在當下用心生活的技能。）可知，學(xué)會關(guān)注和享受當下，

我們才能快樂。故選D項。

（2）A.段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段"Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedevelopingtheskillof

compassion（同情）andlovingkindness."（幸福的其他關(guān)鍵包括培養(yǎng)同情心和仁愛的

技能。）可知，作者在本段主要講述同情心和仁愛。故選A項。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Sympatheticjoyistheexactoppositeofschadenfreude-with

sympatheticjoy,wegetjoyfromthejoyofothers.'1（同情的快樂與幸災(zāi)樂禍完全相反，有

了同情帶來的快樂，我們能從他人的快樂中獲得快樂。）可知，有了同情帶來的快樂，

我們就能從別人的快樂中獲得快樂，所以“當你的同學(xué)贏得比賽時，你也會感到高興”符

合題意。故選C項。

（4）D.寫作目的題。根據(jù)第一段"Whydopeoplelongforcelebritynews?Atleastsomeof

thehungercentersaroundschadenfreude-havingjoyfromthesufferingofothers."（為什么人

們渴望名人新聞？至少有些人的饑餓感是以幸災(zāi)樂禍為中心的一從別人的痛苦中獲得

快樂o）根據(jù)第一段"Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthekeysinvolveslearningto

fullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment-notjustlearningthisasinformation,but,through

practice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthismoment."（但是什么能帶來幸福呢？

其中一個關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會充分關(guān)注和享受當下，不僅僅是把它當作信息來學(xué)習(xí)，而是通過實

踐，培養(yǎng)在當下用心生活的技能。）根據(jù)第二段"Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedeveloping

theskillofcompassion（同情）andlovingkindness.',（幸福的其他關(guān)鍵包括培養(yǎng)同情心

和仁愛的技能。）通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了什么才是真正的快樂，糾正了某些人

對別人幸災(zāi)樂禍的心態(tài)，所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了糾正對別人痛苦的消極態(tài)度。

故選D項。

這是一篇說明文。主要講述了什么才是真正的快樂，糾正了某些人對別人幸賣樂禍的心

態(tài)。

1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原

文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，

做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是

原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來

分析。

12.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】D【小題3】A【小題4】C

【解析】（1）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段

"Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownbysmell

andbodyodour（氣味），accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,

abiologistdevotedtothestudyofmosquitoes."（據(jù)致力于研究蚊子的生物學(xué)家巴特諾爾

斯博士說，要記住的最重要的事實之一是蚊子通過嗅覺和體味追蹤人類。）可知，蚊子

通過嗅覺來追蹤人。故選B。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段

"Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies."（蚊子對皮

膚上的特定混合物的反應(yīng)因物種而異。）可知，作者以幾種蚊子為例，說明不同的蚊子

對皮膚上的特定混合物反應(yīng)不同。故選D。

（3）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段

"Bacteriaontheskinbreakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughourpores（毛孔），

andthesearetheattractivesmells,"Knolssays."Soitisnotactuallywethatdrawmosquitoes

,butthebacteriaonourskin."（諾爾斯說："皮膚上的細菌會分解我們通過毛孔散發(fā)出的

混合物，而這些正是誘人的氣味。因此，吸引蚊子的不是我們，而是我們皮膚上的細菌。

"）可知，吸引蚊子的是人皮膚上的細菌，這些細菌分解皮膚上的人體分泌物，產(chǎn)生吸

引蚊子的氣味。故選A。

（4）C.標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段

"Oneofthemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutforduringsummerismosquitoes.B

utnomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somenaturallyattractmosquitoesmorethanothers."

（夏天你需要注意的最危險的昆蟲-就是蚊子。但無論你如何避免它們，有些人比其他

人更容易吸引蚊子。）以及下文主要介紹了人們吸引蚊子的原因，所以“你被蚊子吸引

的科學(xué)原因"可以作為文章標題。故選C。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們吸引蚊子的原因。

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1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原

文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言

表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題

是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

16.【答案】

【小題1】E【小題2】C【小題3】B【小題4】F【小題5】G

【解析】（1）E.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前文"Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame.

（專家說氣候變化可能是罪魁禍首。）”可知，應(yīng)采取措施應(yīng)對氣候變化；結(jié)合后文“The

Venetiancouncilvotedagainstameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbefore

iheirchamberflooded.（就在他們的會議廳被淹沒的前幾分鐘，威尼斯議會投票反對一項

應(yīng)對氣候變化的措施。）”可知，實施應(yīng)對氣候變化的措施很困難。E選項"However,putting

inplaceprotectivemeasureshasprovendifficult（但事實證明，潛實保護

措施是困難的）”符合題意，前后文形成的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系對應(yīng)選項中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。故選E。

（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前文"Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.（存在一種不

常被考慮的威脅。）"及后文"Naturalandman-madeheritagesitesthroughouttheworldarein

dangerofbeingdamagedordestroyedbyclimatechange.（全世界的自然和人造遺產(chǎn)都面臨

著被氣候變化破壞的危險。）”可知，這就是氣候變化對世界遺產(chǎn)的破壞，C選項isthe

damagefromclimatechangetotheworld'sheritage（