托福閱讀長難句21天訓練營Day

長難句解析21天訓練營Day7Theirhigh,narrowtailswithswept‐backtipsarealmostperfectlyadaptedtoprovidepropulsionwiththeleastpossibleeffort.Theycanglidepasteddiesthatwouldslowthemdownandthengainextrathrustby"pushingoff"theeddies.Theyhaveevolvedspecial"heaters"ofmodifiedmuscletissuethatwarmtheeyesandbrain,maintainingpeakperformanceofthesecriticalorgans.Althoughwenowtendtorefertothevariouscraftsaccordingtothematerialsusedtoconstructthem‐clay,glass,wood,fiber,andmetal‐itwasoncecommontothinkofcraftsintermsoffunction,whichledtotheirbeingknownasthe"appliedarts."Theappliedartsarethusboundbythelawsofphysics,whichpertaintoboththematerialsusedintheirmakingandthesubstancesandthingstobecontained,supported,andsheltered.Sincethelawsofphysics,notsomearbitrarydecision,havedeterminedthegeneralformofapplied‐artobjects,theyfollowbasicpatterns,somuchsothatfunctionalformscanvaryonlywithincertainlimits.Whatvariesisnotthebasicformbuttheincidentaldetailsthatdonotobstructtheobject'sprimaryfunction.Theseareproblemsthatmustbeovercomebytheartistbecausetheytendtointrudeuponhisorherconceptionofthework.Inotherwords,thedemandsofthelawsofphysics,notthesculptor'saestheticintentions,placedtheballthere.Thatthisdevicewasanecessarystructuralcompromiseisclearfromthefactthatthecannonballquicklydisappearedwhensculptorslearnedhowtostrengthentheinternalstructureofastatuewithironbraces(ironbeingmuchstrongerthanbronze).Eventhoughthefineartsinthetwentiethcenturyoftentreatmaterialsinnewways,thebasicdifferenceinattitudeofartistsinrelationtotheirmaterialsinthefineartsandtheappliedartsremainsrelativelyconstant.Itwouldthereforenotbetoogreatanexaggerationtosaythatpractitionersofthefineartsworktoovercomethelimitationsoftheirmaterials,whereasthoseengagedintheappliedartsworkinconcertwiththeirmaterials.This"papermoneyaristocracy"ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation'svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.長難句解析21天訓練營Day8Theywantedthewealththatthemarketofferedwithoutthecompetitive,changingsociety;thecomplexdealing;thedominanceofurbancenters;andthelossofindependencethatcamewithit.NordidtheWhigsenvisionanyconflictinsocietybetweenfarmersandworkersontheonehandandbusinesspeopleandbankersontheother.Religionandpolitics,theybelieved,shouldbekeptclearlyseparate,andtheygenerallyopposedhumanitarianlegislation.Whigsappealedtoplanterswhoneededcredittofinancetheircottonandricetradeintheworldmarket,tofarmerswhowereeagertoselltheirsurpluses,andtoworkerswhowishedtoimprovethemselves.Neitherpartycouldwinanelectionbyappealingexclusivelytotherichorthepoor.Democratsattractedfarmersisolatedfromthemarketoruncomfortablewithit,workersalienatedfromtheemergingindustrialsystem,andrisingentrepreneurswhowantedtobreakmonopoliesandopentheeconomytonewcomerslikethemselves.TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemi‐subsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandlanguishingeconomically.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Thefacial‐feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection."Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons(humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations)asbei